Southern Ocean pirates operate "fish factories". These are large, steel-hulled ships equipped with video, sonar, satellite fish-tracking systems, seawater temperature sensors and oceanographic colour display units.
These 24-hour fleets utilise the Spanish longline method. They lay
fishing line up to 100 kilometres long with each line carrying up to
3000 baited hooks.
The
hooks hang and float at the appropriate depths for catching threatened
Patagonian toothfish: between 800 and 2500 metres below the surface.
Sharks and other fish species accidentally hooked (
bycatch)
– are thrown back into the sea, dead or dying. Meanwhile, white chinned
petrels and albatrosses (some species critically endangered) are
attracted to the bait on the longlines. They are pulled under water by
the hooks and drowned.
Longliners also operate in the Pacific Ocean. A typical longline carries over 2000 baited hooks.
The
main tuna species caught
are yellowfin, bigeye and albacore with smaller amounts of skipjack.
Longline fleets also catch many billfish species like marlin, wahoo,
mahi mahi and swordfish, and other species like sharks.
Large
scale longliners with ultralow temperature freezer capacity can stay at
sea for months at a time. Small scale longliners fish on average for
two weeks at a time and return to port.