Page - June 16, 2008
Federal marine protection
Under the Oceans Act, the federal Department of Fisheries
and Oceans can establish Marine Protected Areas in marine
waters under Canada's jurisdiction for the conservation and
protection of fish and other living marine resources and their
habitats; of marine areas of high biodiversity or biological
productivity; of unique habitats; or any other reason pursuant to
the mandate of the Minister. Under the Migratory Birds
Convention Act and the Canada Wildlife Act, Environment
Canada can establish Migratory Bird Sanctuaries which serve to
protect coastal and marine habitats that are heavily used by birds
for breeding, feeding, migration and overwintering. In addition,
National Wildlife Areas (on land and in water up to 12 nautical
miles) and Marine Wildlife Areas (beyond 12 nautical miles) are
established to set aside important wildlife habitats for research,
conservation and public education. Lastly, under the National
Parks Act, Parks Canada can establish Marine Conservation Areas
aimed at protecting and commemorating the country's natural and
cultural heritage within the three oceans that border the country
and the Great Lakes.
Provincial marine protection
Provincial governments may also establish protected areas in
their various regions. For example, in B.C., under the Parks
Act and the Ecological Reserve Act, the Department of Water,
Land and Air Protection can establish marine parks and ecological
reserves where a marine component can be established.