Nuclear waste is produced at every stage of the nuclear fuel cycle, from uranium mining and enrichment, to reactor operation and the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Much of this nuclear waste will remain hazardous for hundreds of thousands of years, leaving a poisonous legacy to future generations.
Decommissioning nuclear facilities will also create large amounts of
radioactive wastes. Many of the world's nuclear sites will require
monitoring and protection for centuries after they are closed down.
The global volume of spent fuel was 220,000 tonnes in the year 2000,
and is growing by approximately 10,000 tonnes annually. Despite billion
of dollars of investment in various disposal options, the nuclear
industry and governments have failed to come up with a feasible and
sustainable solution.
Most of the current proposals for dealing with highly radioactive
nuclear waste involve burying it in deep underground sites. Whether the
storage containers, the store itself, or the surrounding rocks will
offer enough protection to stop radioactivity from escaping in the long
term is impossible to predict.
An example of where industry plans have been exposed as flawed is the
proposed dump site at Yucca Mountain in Nevada, US. After nearly 20 years
of research and billions of dollars of investment, not one gram of
spent fuel has so far been shipped to the site from nuclear reactors
across the US. Major uncertainties in the geological suitability for
waste disposal at the site remain, with on-going investigations into
manipulation of scientific data and the threat of legal action by the State
government.
In addition to high-level waste problems, there are numerous examples
of existing disposal sites containing low level waste which are already
leaking radiation into the environment. Drigg in the UK and CSM in Le
Hague, France being just two.
Currently no options have been able to demonstrate that waste will
remain isolated from the environment over the tens to hundreds of
thousands of years. There is no reliable method to warn future
generations about the existence of nuclear waste dumps.
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