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Pulp Friction: How the magazine industry is fuelling ancient forest destruction

Background - July 5, 2005
As magazine publishers like the BBC, IPC and EMAP increasingly come under fire for sourcing paper from controversial forest areas, author Ken Finn went to visit Greenpeace's Forest Rescue Station in Lapland, Northern Finland to see for himself the effects of relentless logging by the Finnish Government on the last Sámi reindeer forests. The Sámi are indigenous reindeer herders who rely on Lapland's remaining old-growth forests to provide vital food for their herds during the cold winter months. The reindeer forests have been reduced piece by piece by the government's own logging company, Metsähallitus, which carries out most of the logging in Lapland.

Noose left as warning to Greenpeace activists at our Forest Rescue Station in Lapland.

Under a bright new moon a siren wailed. Every half hour since I'dtucked up for the night in a sleeping bag good for minus 30 degrees,it's warning had disturbed the peace. Out under the stars gazing upthrough the pines I'd hoped to see the Northern Lights but as fine snowfell on my face the siren's rising and falling drone stirred old anddeep feelings of emergency. It was an alarm that would have sent mymother running to shelter from the terror of the Blitz.

Tonight the forest was a theatre of images and sounds that had beencontorted into a confusing mixture of terror and horror: sirens,chainsaws, screams and burning crosses. Dark figures lit by the mooncrunched in the snow at the edge of the camp.

This reign of terror and intimidation is the logger's response to amoratorium on cutting Finland's ancient forests in Lapland. They wantGreenpeace and it's supporters to leave. Though for the Sámi, the onlyremaining indigenous people of Northern Europe, this could be the lastchance to save their homeland.

As an Author I had been invited by Greenpeace to see first hand what'sat stake in the supply of paper into Europe; the stock of a writer'sprofession. It was a shock to learn that ancient forest is being pulpedto feed the demand of the UK magazine industry.

The Forest Rescue Station established by Greenpeace at the invitationof the Sámi has stirred up hostility among locals who fear for theirlivelihoods. In response to the threat of job losses logging employeeshave set up their own camp just a hundred metres down the road callingit the "Anti Terrorist Information Centre." Tonight however it's clearwho's dishing out the terror.

As the dawn broke and the sun sent sparkling shards low through thetrees all was quiet, fresh and beautiful. I savoured the moment thencaptured it with my camera kept in hope of just such a scene. Sadly itwas to be last morning that the sun would warm the bark of the trees inmy viewfinder. The following night in an escalation of the terrorcampaign a large tree-harvesting machine was driven into the Greenpeacecamp to fell the aged pine.

So what's behind the madness that creates bad guys from ordinary peopleand casts Greenpeace locally as the villain of the piece?  At thecentre of the dispute are the conflicting interests of the state ownedlogging company and the reindeer herding Sámi people who are callingfor the preservation of ancient forest and winter grazing for theirreindeer. The arguments put forward by the Sámi representatives duringour visit in favour of saving these last tracts of old growth forestswere compelling. The logging company declined to talk.

Determined to hear both sides of the story though our delegation ofhalf a dozen European authors went down to meet the loggers at theircamp.' It is essentially a workers picket line. Ordinary working peoplefrightened for their future pushed into a corner. Their banners of"Greenpeace = Al-Qa'ida" and "Greenpeace/Green Nazi" seemed illconceived in light of the media circus that was ready for us butanother reading "Authors we love you but Greenpeace go home" was aslightly more reassuring welcome.

Separating people from their actions can be difficult but it was easyto understand the concerns of the people we met. In their eyes this issimply a struggle for jobs and survival but they join a growing numberof workers whose jobs and job security are disappearing. On the day Ileft the UK for Finland the collapse of the UK's last major carmanufacturer Rover, was announced with up to twenty thousand livesthrown into flux. The flow of western investment to China's motorindustry, a predicted $13bn by the end of the decade must be set tohave a serious impact on the European car industry. It's clear bigbusiness doesn't care who does the work as long as it's cheap.

In wealthy Europe redundant car workers will benefit from retrainingand aid cash to soften the blow as the inexorable shift inmanufacturing continues eastwards. In this dispute though it seems theFinnish government has left its employees out in the cold.  Bycontinuing to refer to the problem as a local issue workers are left tofear for their future driving them to desperate measures.  It mustbe the duty of government to step in to provide security for familiesworking in an area that has become subject to changing consumer values.Given a choice, a growing number of informed customers for Finland'spaper will insist that it's origins aren't tainted with the destructionof ancient forest or cultures.

While the loggers fret for their futures the Sámi people struggle topreserve their cultural way of life too. Inevitably the lines betweenFinnish and Sámi have been blurred over the years but a strong identitystill remains. I talked to a veteran Sámi campaigner Niillas Sombyabout the differences in understanding the value of the forest - thedistinction between living in nature and the concept of owning it. Hetold me how the Sámi didn't believe in monuments, statements ofdominance over the environment, "The spirits are in everything, trees,water and the creatures yet when the missionaries came, first theybuilt churches." Even now one of the things that upsets Niillas is thattourists love to make little stacks with the flat stones that litterthe ground. With a smile he said, "you westerners cannot leave withoutsaying, 'I was here' with your little monuments."  I had torecognise my failing for occasionally arranging leaves in the forest orpebbles on a beach. It was small education on how we view the world yetit caught me in my tracks.

As we place a value on the natural world in terms of a resource wesubject it to ownership. It becomes ours to fence and harvest, to buildour monuments. As our cultures become homogenised so will ourlandscape, a monoculture to feed the needs of commerce.  Yet ourhearts are lifted by the infinite originality of nature, we marvel atthe splendour of wilderness even if it's only on TV. And it's OK towatch rather than participate in nature just so long as we don't commitit to the reruns of things that died long ago. Choose life.