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Chemical investigations

Background - April 10, 2006
The chemicals industry claims the substances it produces are adequately controlled and do not pollute the environment. However, detailed scientific studies have found man-made toxic chemicals present in the bodies of polar bears, in Alpine lakes and in indigenous populations thousands of kilometres from the source of these chemicals. Our own scientific investigations have detected toxic chemicals in our homes, in our blood, in rainwater. Unborn infants are exposed to many manmade pollutants while still in the womb.

Toxic chemicals found in consumer products are increasingly found in childrens bodies.

House Dust

Greenpeace teams armed with vacuum cleaners sampled house dust fromhomes and offices across Europe, and had it analysed for hazardouschemicals. The results, from 13 countries (Netherlands, France, UK,Spain, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Belgium, Slovakia, Austria,Poland and Czech Republic), showed substantial quantities of the kindsof hazardous chemicals contained in everyday household products liketextiles, televisions, cosmetics and toys. The findings suggest that weare exposed in our homes and offices to a daily cocktail of chemicalssuspected of causing harm to human health.

Rainwater

To most people, rain is the pure refreshing act of nature that washesaway the dirt and refreshes the landscape. But along with the rain comesome nasty chemicals. Recent research on rainwater in the Netherlands,Belgium and Germany revealed that rainwater is polluted with a range oftoxic chemicals. This pollution is particularly worrying because thechemicals identified include known and suspected hormone disrupters.This means they act like the hormones that we and other animalsnaturally have in our bodies. They can disrupt the correct functioningof the body and harm reproduction and development. While most of ourexposure to these chemicals is likely to come from other sources (food,contaminated indoor air and dust or from products themselves), theirpresence in rainwater is an illustration of their widespreaddistribution through the environment and represents a further source ofcontamination.

Umbilical Cord Blood

The umbilical cord is more than a prenatal lifeline: it's also theunborn child's link to the toxic burden of our planet. Analysis ofmaternal and umbilical cord blood provided by volunteers in theNetherlands, published in a report entitled ' A Present for Life', revealsthat known or suspected hazardous substances, present in everydayhousehold products, are entering babies' bodies through the umbilicalcord. The chemicals include some that are known to affect physical andmental development in animals.

The report, commissioned jointly by Greenpeace International,Greenpeace Netherlands and WWF-UK, investigated the presence ofhazardous chemicals in maternal and cord blood samples. The resultsclearly show the presence of these chemicals in the blood serum samplesfrom both mother and child.

Professor Pieter Sauer, Professor of Pediatrics from UniversityHospital Groningen, is concerned about the findings: "Our children arebeing exposed to polluting chemicals, though we have hardly anyinformation on the long-term effects."

Particularly worrying are the hormone-disrupting chemicals, which maycause most damage during the vulnerable stages of development that isduring periods of rapid cell division, such as in early life andparticularly when in the womb. A small disturbance in early developmentcan have serious and irreversible consequences for later life.

Consumer Products

We have investigated the levels of hazardous substances in electronicequipment, textiles, toys, cosmetics, cleaning products, sport shoes,mattresses, food packaging and flooring. In a project focusing onchildren's textiles we found six types of hazardous substances in 21samples of Disney clothes purchased around the world, some at very highlevels. Our tests on perfumes didn't smell that sweet either; none ofthe 36 perfumes tested was free of the two groups of hazardoussubstances we looked for.

Engaging progressive companies

In order to demonstrate clearly that substitution is possible andalready happening we organised the " Substitute with Style" catwalk.Such an event showed the steps taken by major consumer brands to stopusing hazardous chemicals in a wide range of products, includingclothing, cosmetics and electronic goods. The show highlighted how progressive and innovative companies can remove hazardous chemicals,such as brominated flame retardants and PVC among the others, fromtheir products and substitute them with available safer alternatives.

Unfortunately many industrial sectors are making no such efforts tostop using toxic chemicals. The purpose of the catwalk was, therefore,to send out a clear signal to EU decision-makers, for them tounderstand that it is only by setting a strong legal requirement tosubstitute hazardous chemicals that human health and the environmentcan be protected effectively, through triggering eco-innovation andfurther research into safer substances.

Freshwater and Threatened Species

It is not just us - humans - paying the price of chemical pollution.Our investigations have revealed that the European eel is contaminatedwith toxic chemicals, including brominated flame retardants (BFRs).Adding insult to injury, the eel is already vanishing from lakes andrivers across Europe, and some of these toxic chemicals look as if theymight last longer than the species itself.

Is this contamination a problem for eels? No one knows for sure but theevidence is mounting that BFRs and other toxics have the potential todamage development and hormone systems in humans and wildlife.Certainly for an eel already under pressure, it's an extra dose of badnews. Some scientists are concerned that these toxins could harm theeel's ability reproduce or its young to survive. With populations insome European waters are estimated to be as low as 1 percent ofhistoric levels, the eel clearly doesn't need a toxic insult to add toits injuries.

Help us to ensure that REACH protectsus from hazardous chemicals. Actnow!