Nila Bandarenko from Zhytomir has her third operation on her thyroid gland. Surgeon Kommissarenko says after her second operation ‘microscopic particles of the cancer got into her blood vessels and the cancer started growing there”. Bandarenko also has kidney cancer. Ukraine has an explosion of thyroid cancer. The Kiev Institute of Endocrinology saw a sharp increase three to four years after Chernobyl. First mainly children were diagnosed; now the majority are adult women.