Map Ta Phut was once a low-lying and swampy buffer zone between the hinterland and seashore of the beautiful eastern part of Rayong province, where the BLCP coal plant is being built. Nowadays, it is called the number one toxic hotspot of Thailand.
The construction of BLCP coal plant required a deepening of the port
and digging a canal to the unloading coal supply zone. The Belgian
dredging company Jan De Nul obtained the contract for the dredging
activities. Delcredere has reportedly insured Jan De Nul Enterprise
against political risks for 2.5 million Euros.
The dredging and land reclamation for the BLCP berth Project at Map Ta
Phut caused erosion by disrupting the course of waves and currents. The
entire coastal area of Rayong province including the beach area, the
housing area and the river mouth, suffers from severe erosion. The Thai
government has spent more than 10 million Euros to protect the coast by
building different structures. Unfortunately, the erosion of the coast
is not halted entirely, it is partly transferred along the coast
towards other areas. The coastal erosion in the area near Map Ta Phut
port is so strong that the coastal protection over there is
unsuccessful.
The small-scale fishing communities along Rayong's seacoast have also
been suffering a lot from the ill-advised coal plant project. They were
forced to abandon the beach area for commercial tourism, mangrove
forests have been clear-cut for industrial shrimp farming, estuaries
have been transformed from life-supporting systems to drainage systems
for industrial effluents. In short: the entire coastal area of the
province is under threat.
A recent health impact study in Map Ta Phut area clearly indicated that
exposure to pollution and chemicals accidents have worsened an already
severely degraded socio-economic situation. The study also noted that
groups of diseases related to respiratory system, nervous system,
reproductive system, muscle system, mental disorder, accident and
injury, have become much more alarming than rates of the whole country .
The Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate alone has more than 200 smokestacks,
which can release pollutants to 25 communities living around the
estate. After 1997, when a local public school had to be closed down
(and, later, moved out of the area), due to serious air pollution and
health impacts, the pollution problems in Map Ta Phut have become
more known to the Thai public as the most obvious and serious
case of undesirable impacts from unsustainable industrialization.
A recent study, jointly conducted by the Office of Natural Resource and
Environmental Planning and Policy(ONEP) and the Industrial Estate
Authority of Thailand(IEAT), noted that air pollution especially sulfur
dioxide(SO2) and oxide of nitrogen(NOX) already exceeded acceptable
levels. The study further indicated that toxic emissions from BLCP's
coal plant will be adding up more pollution in the area at a critical
level .
The test on fly ash sample taken by Greenpeace in June 2005 from the
fly ash cement block center - a community relations program of BLCP
coal plant project in Map Ta Phut communities showed an alarming
increase in the toxic threat facing host communities. The test
results revealed fly ash contaminated with a range of toxic and
potentially toxic element such as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic and
nickel and raised the possibility of widespread toxic contamination in
the vicinity.
The test results expose the emptiness of BLCP's touted corporate
governance, which states that the company's policy is "to live
harmoniously with the surrounding community and offer a win-win
solution to all members"
The health and livelihood of community members of Map Ta Phut continue
to be threatened by the severe toxic pollution from the biggest
petrochemical complex in the country. Tragically, their future is
now further jeopardized with the extreme toxic threat posed by BLCP's
planned coal-fired power plant, the construction of which is riding
today on an aggressive public relations drive by the company peddling
the lie that there is supposedly such a thing as 'clean coal'.