{"id":15482,"date":"2021-02-08T13:29:05","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T00:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/new-zealand\/?p=15482"},"modified":"2024-07-12T12:02:08","modified_gmt":"2024-07-12T00:02:08","slug":"an-environmental-crisis-in-borneo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/an-environmental-crisis-in-borneo\/","title":{"rendered":"An Environmental Crisis in Borneo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The island of Borneo was once described as pristine and lush, renowned for its natural beauty and biodiversity. Often called as the lungs of Southeast Asia, it now depicts a tragic tale of greed and destruction.<\/p>\n\n

I was born here and spent half of my life in Indonesia\u2019s third-largest island. Borneo is a treasure chest teeming with biodiversity<\/a>, one of the highest in the world. Its natural environment also stores an enormous amount of carbon. <\/p>\n\n

It is no wonder then that companies saw Borneo\u2019s vast potential and descended upon the island to start their ventures. Unfortunately, their business models were focused on infinite growth and prosperity, not on environmental sustainability.
<\/p>\n\n

\"Coal
Surveyors measure and mark land to expand a quarry at a mining concession in Makroman, East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Clearing land to give way to mining contributes to forest destruction in one of the world\u2019s last remaining ancient forests areas. \u00a9 Kemal Jufri \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

A history of corporate greed and government negligence<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n

The province of South Kalimantan covers an area of 3.7 million hectares. Around 1.7 million hectares, or 33 percent of the area, have been allocated for coal mining concessions. Permits for palm oil plantations cover an area of 618 thousand hectares, or 17 percent of the area, a small portion was allocated to pulp concessions. <\/p>\n\n

At least 30 percent of Borneo\u2019s tropical forest have been destroyed over the last 40 years, including its carbon-rich peatlands that can store twice as much carbon as forests. Logging, mining, and plantation development, especially from palm oil plantations have contributed to massive deforestation and impacting the island\u2019s orangutan population. To date, Borneo has lost nearly 150,000 orangutans over the last 16 years.<\/p>\n\n

\"Action
The concession owned by PT Multi Persada Gatramegah (PT MPG), a subsidiary of Musim Mas company, a palm oil supplier to Procter & Gamble in Muara Teweh, North Barito, Central Kalimantan. Greenpeace is calling P & G to stop destroying Indonesian rainforest and to commit to a zero deforestation policy. \u00a9 Ulet Ifansasti \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Indigenous communities have also been severely affected and displaced. The Dayak people, one of the island\u2019s original inhabitants, heavily rely on the forest for their livelihood. Now, their culture and way of life are threatened because of corporate greed and lack of government support. <\/p>\n\n

The devastating fires that occurred in 2015 and 2019 are forever etched in people\u2019s memory, resulting in almost 4.4 million ha of forests and peatlands burned. The plantation sector bears considerable responsibility for the fires between 2015 and 2019, with 27 percent of the mapped burned areas in 2019 located in palm oil and pulpwood concessions.<\/p>\n\n

\"Forest
Greenpeace Indonesia Forest Fire Prevention (FFP) team members extinguish the fires at plantation and forest in sub-district Jekan Raya, Palangkaraya city, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Indonesia\u2019s government has declared a state emergency in six provinces at Sumatra and Kalimantan island as the forest fires in Indonesia get bigger. \u00a9 Ulet Ifansasti \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

A climate emergency in Borneo<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n

At the start of 2021, amidst the Covid -19 pandemic, Borneo found itself in the news with the widespread floodings in South Kalimantan. Unlike the recent devastating earthquake in Sulawesi, the floodings were triggered by a series of events that could have been prevented by the Indonesian government. <\/p>\n\n

Throughout the years, the government continued to issue company permits in a haphazard manner resulting in Borneo\u2019s watershed areas being severely deforested. With very little forest cover, South Kalimantan is highly susceptible to floods given the amount of rainfall that occurs during mid January. Heavy rains triggered landslides and caused heavy flooding in at least 10 districts, claiming 20 lives and affecting more than 300,000 people according to the latest National Disaster Management Agency\u2019s report.<\/p>\n\n

President Joko Widodo, who recently visited the impacted areas, stated that the high rainfall was to blame for Borneo\u2019s devastating floods, the worst one to hit the province in 50 years. <\/p>\n\n

\"Flash
A woman walks on ruins of Hantakan market that was destroyed by flash floods at Alat village, Hantakan, Hulu Sungai Tengah regency, South Kalimantan. The Hulu Sungai Tengah regency is still isolated from the aid, as the access road was destroyed. Flooding caused by seasonal heavy rainfall and massive land clearing for palm oil and coal mining in South Kalimantan, resulted in water levels rising up to two meters, inundating hundreds of houses and forced thousands residents to flee their homes and find shelter on higher ground. \u00a9 Iman Satria \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

This statement is a confusing narrative often used by the government to escape responsibility for forest fires and floods. Clearly, it is more convenient to blame the weather than to take stock of what has happened to Borneo. Nevermind that many companies operating in Borneo have little or no regard for the environment and often take advantage of the province\u2019s land and forest conversion. It is important to note that most of the palm oil and mining concession permits are concentrated in areas where severe flooding occurred.<\/p>\n\n

In all of this, the Indonesian government chose to ignore the environmental crisis despite Borneo being highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. [1]<\/p>\n\n

What is obvious is this: the government failed to implement spatial planning as well as forest and environmental protection policies, while allowing companies to take advantage of this situation<\/p>\n\n

\"Floods
Volunteers evacuate children affected by the floods in Sungai Raya Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Flooding caused by seasonal heavy rainfall and massive land clearing for palm oil and coal mining in South Kalimantan resulted in water levels rising up to two meters, inundating hundreds of houses and forced thousands residents to flee their homes and find shelter on higher ground. \u00a9 Putra \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

The oligarchy\u2019s interests have effectively weakened the state\u2019s function by depriving the public of their rights, namely the right to a healthy environment regulated in the constitution and the democratic rights. The floods occurred after the government issued a controversial policy- passing the Mining Law and granting special privileges to mining entrepreneurs. [2]<\/p>\n\n

The new Omnibus Law, hastily passed by the government, eliminates many articles on environmental protection. This now opens up Borneo to future disasters. [3]  What is most alarming is the removal of the 30 percent minimum requirement needed to protect the watershed\u2019s carrying capacity. This will lead to more forest conversion, granting permits to palm oil, mining and other concessions.<\/p>\n\n

A need for a green and just recovery<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n

All my life, I have been campaigning to save the environment and my beloved Borneo. In 2015, I took part in a people\u2019s initiative- we filed and won a lawsuit against President Jokowi and five ministers for their negligence in handling the forest fires and haze. But this is not enough. We need more people to remain vigilant and pressure the government and companies to change the current economic model that relies on the destruction of nature for economic growth. <\/p>\n\n

\"Orangutans
An orangutan playing on a tree at Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation in Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan. \u00a9 Bjorn Vaugn \/ BOSF \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Despite the social distancing, let us be united to protect Borneo. We must stand together against this destructive and unjust system if we are to weather natural disasters and the climate emergency.<\/p>\n\n

Public health and planetary health are closely linked and must be handled together. We appeal to both the Indonesian government and the business sector to prioritize people and the planet as they rebuild the economy and society from Covid-19. Indonesia must invest in Renewable Energy and shift away from fossil fuels. <\/p>\n\n

Above all, emphasis must be given to protect Indonesian forests- change current agricultural practices and radically redesign our cities, including transforming land-based industries that destroy our forests and peatlands. Failure to do so will have devastating consequences, not just for Indonesia but for the rest of the world. We must protect Borneo because our lives depend on it.<\/p>\n\n

Arie Rompas is the Forest Campaign Team Leader in Greenpeace Indonesia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

NOTES:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

[1] The relationship between deforestation and changes in local climate was most pronounced in watersheds in southeast Borneo, which have lost 40%\u201375% of their forests since 1973. These watersheds also had a significantly higher frequency of temperatures above 31 \u25e6C. <\/p>\n\n

Watersheds in north and northwest Borneo, which have lost 5%\u201325% of their forest cover, maintained a more stable climate with a similar distribution of mean and extreme warm temperatures between forest and modified forest areas. Watersheds with >15% forest loss had a >15% reduction in rainfall. This situation concluded that the loss of forest in Borneo has increased local daily temperatures and temperature extremes, and reduced daily precipitation.<\/p>\n\n

[2] By exempting royalty payments of up to zero percent, including providing guaranteed business permits for life for mining companies that add value and remove maximum boundaries, so that they can freely expand and increase their production capacity. The mining companies that benefit are mostly operating in the South Borneo region, and their owners are connected to oligarchs in Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n

[3] The previous Forestry Law required the total forested area within each river basin and\/or island to be maintained at 30% of the total land area. This was to minimize disturbance to the water system, and to prevent floods, erosion, sedimentation and water shortages. This requirement has been removed by the Omnibus Law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The island of Borneo was once described as pristine and lush, renowned for its natural beauty and biodiversity. Often called as the lungs of Southeast Asia, it now depicts a tragic tale of greed and destruction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"An Environmental Crisis in Borneo - A history of corporate greed and government negligence,","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[16,20],"p4-page-type":[6],"class_list":["post-15482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-climate","tag-forests","p4-page-type-story"],"yoast_head":"\nAn Environmental Crisis in Borneo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/an-environmental-crisis-in-borneo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An Environmental Crisis in Borneo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The island of Borneo was once described as pristine and lush, renowned for its natural beauty and biodiversity. 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