{"id":16766,"date":"2021-07-19T12:44:03","date_gmt":"2021-07-19T00:44:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/?p=16766"},"modified":"2025-05-20T14:09:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T02:09:16","slug":"a-significant-number-of-new-zealanders-overestimate-sea-level-rise-and-that-could-stop-them-from-taking-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/a-significant-number-of-new-zealanders-overestimate-sea-level-rise-and-that-could-stop-them-from-taking-action\/","title":{"rendered":"A significant number of New Zealanders overestimate sea-level rise \u2014 and that could stop them from taking action"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Following a recent storm surge in Wellington, some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tvnz.co.nz\/shows\/breakfast\/clips\/world-can-expect-50cm-sea-level-rise-by-2100-even-if-warming-stays-under-2-c\">media coverage<\/a> expressed surprise that 30cm of sea-level rise \u2013 an unavoidable amount projected to happen by the middle of this century \u2013 would turn a one-in-100-year coastal flood into an annual event.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0254348\">research survey<\/a>, published last week, confirms that many New Zealanders (38.2%) indeed underestimate current and projected sea-level rise. But it also shows a similar proportion (35%) overestimate it, and only about about a quarter (26.9%) are in line with current understanding of sea-level rise.<\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-15019 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-ban-synthetic-nitrogen-fertiliser\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2018\/12\/d90cd49a-nz-dairy-cows-1024x576.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2018\/12\/d90cd49a-nz-dairy-cows-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2018\/12\/d90cd49a-nz-dairy-cows-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2018\/12\/d90cd49a-nz-dairy-cows-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2018\/12\/d90cd49a-nz-dairy-cows-510x287.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2018\/12\/d90cd49a-nz-dairy-cows.jpg 1418w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Dairy cows\" title=\"Dairy cows\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-ban-synthetic-nitrogen-fertiliser\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPETITION: Ban synthetic nitrogen fertiliser\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Sign on now to call on the New Zealand Govt to ban chemical nitrogen fertiliser.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-ban-synthetic-nitrogen-fertiliser\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Take Action\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n<p>Our study is part of the public engagement research of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.searise.nz\/about\">NZ SeaRise<\/a> programme, which is co-led by Richard Levy and Tim Naish. We surveyed a representative sample of New Zealand adults. The finding that a significant number of New Zealanders overestimate sea-level rise might seem positive at first, as it could lead people to be more prepared, but the evidence indicates that\u2019s not the case.<\/p>\n\n<p>Overestimating the risk of sea-level rise can be as much a problem as underestimating it, because it can lead to public anxiety and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvp.2017.12.003\">feelings of helplessness<\/a>, rather than motivation to take action to mitigate and adapt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-confusion-about-sea-level-rise-projections\">Confusion about sea-level rise projections<\/h2>\n\n<p>In 2019, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/reports\/\">IPCC<\/a>) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/srocc\/chapter\/summary-for-policymakers\/\">reported<\/a> that between 1902 and 2015, global sea level rose by 16cm on average. The process has been accelerating in recent decades, as ice loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has increased.<\/p>\n\n<p>According to the IPCC, the planet will likely experience 0.24-0.32m of sea-level rise by 2050. What happens beyond 2050 depends on how successful we are at reducing carbon emissions.<\/p>\n\n<p>In 2017, the Ministry for the Environment published <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.govt.nz\/publications\/preparing-for-coastal-change-a-summary-of-coastal-hazards-and-climate-change-guidance-for-local-government\/\">projections<\/a> for New Zealand of 0.46\u20131.05m of sea-level rise by 2100, depending on how quickly global carbon emissions are reduced.<\/p>\n\n<p>The NZ SeaRise programme is working to finetune projections because the sea doesn\u2019t rise universally along the coastline.<\/p>\n\n<p>But before we start sharing these new projections, we wanted to find out what people already knew. The survey asked New Zealanders to indicate what they knew about the amount, rate and causes of sea-level rise.<\/p>\n\n<p>Apart from the question about current sea-level rise, we asked about projections to 2100. Nearly 75% of respondents selected options that were in line with scientifically plausible projections, from \u201cup to 40cm\u201d to \u201cup to 2m\u201d. But 19% of respondents overestimated sea-level rise projections to 2100, selecting \u201cup to 5m\u201d (10.7%) or \u201cmore than 5m\u201d (8.2%).<\/p>\n\n<p>When asked how much global sea levels could rise by 2100 under \u201ca scientifically credible worst-case scenario\u201d, only 33.1% of respondents gave an answer in line with current science, answering \u201c1m or more\u201d (16.7%) or \u201c2m or more\u201d (16.4%).<\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-51438 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/halve-the-dairy-herd-petition\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm-1024x685.png\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm-600x401.png 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm-1024x685.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm-768x514.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm-1536x1027.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm-508x340.png 508w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/03\/703506ff-screen-shot-2022-03-16-at-1.06.55-pm.png 1606w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Too many cows\" title=\"Too many cows\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/halve-the-dairy-herd-petition\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPETITION: Halve the dairy herd\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Call on the Government to halve the dairy herd to reduce the impacts on freshwater, biodiversity, climate and people\u2019s health.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/halve-the-dairy-herd-petition\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Take Action\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n<p>Another 22.5% of respondents underestimated the worst-case scenario by selecting \u201cup to 1m\u201d, while 37.4% overestimated it, selecting \u201c5m or more\u201d (18%) or higher (19.4%). In fact, \u201c15m or more\u201d by 2100 (selected by 6.8%) would defy physical laws around how fast ice can melt, even under extreme temperature forcing.<\/p>\n\n<p>Respondents were also asked to identify and rank the major causes of sea-level rise from a list of ten items. Here, 28.7% of respondents erroneously identified melting sea ice (which does not directly contribute to sea-level rise) as their top ranked cause.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/410732\/original\/file-20210712-17-115sfwu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Sea ice in the Arctic\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">While Arctic sea ice is reducing, the melting of floating ice doesn\u2019t directly contribute to sea-level rise. Vincent LECOMTE\/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The public\u2019s association of melting sea ice with sea-level rise may be due to the significant media coverage given to melting sea ice in the Arctic, rather than the factors contributing to sea-level rise, such as melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers, the expansion of the ocean as it warms, and land subsidence.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/410733\/original\/file-20210712-49042-ud1v2c.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Graphic that shows how sea level rise affects coastal communities\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Katy Kelly\/GNS Science\/NZ SeaRise porgramme, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-ND<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Respondents who overestimated the amount and speed of sea-level rise were more likely to express greater concern. But concern is not always helpful. A focus on extreme (and often unsound) projections of sea-level rise can lead to more anxiety instead of greater motivation to act.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nevertheless, our research shows New Zealanders are aware of, and concerned about, 21st-century sea-level rise, which is already affecting coastal communities and infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-site-specific-projections\">Site specific projections<\/h2>\n\n<p>The NZ SeaRise programme is preparing a set of location-specific sea-level rise projections, taking into account global and regional projections of sea-level changes and new knowledge of local vertical land movements, including subsidence and earthquake uplift.<\/p>\n\n<p>New Zealand straddles a tectonic plate boundary and the land moves up and down as a result. This movement can be large and rapid during major earthquakes, but is relatively continuous along most coastal regions between earthquakes.<\/p>\n\n<p>For example, measurements from satellites show that today, regions of the lower east coast of the North Island are going down at rates up to 8mm per year and areas along the central Bay of Plenty coast are rising at rates over 10mm per year. Sea-level rise is amplified in places where land is subsiding and dampened where it is going up.<\/p>\n\n<p>Adding continuous estimates of vertical land movement to our sea-level projections shows future increases in the frequency of coastal flooding due to global sea-level rise will happen decades sooner than expected in areas that are going down, and vice versa.<\/p>\n\n<p>Criticisms of the \u201cdeficit model\u201d of science communication show that encouraging action on an issue \u2013 such as sea-level rise \u2013 is not as simple as ensuring that people are fully informed. But it is essential they have access to reliable scientific information that can inform their decisions.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our goal is to provide location-specific projections so all New Zealanders have the information they need to help with decisions and discussions about how we manage life on the coast.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/rebecca-priestley-112796\">Rebecca Priestley<\/a>, Associate professor, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/te-herenga-waka-victoria-university-of-wellington-1200\">Te Herenga Waka \u2014 Victoria University of Wellington<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/richard-levy-1249601\">Richard Levy<\/a>, Principal Scientist\/Environment and Climate Research Leader, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/gns-science-3866\">GNS Science<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/taciano-l-milfont-1172215\">Taciano L. Milfont<\/a>, Reader in Environmental Psychology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-waikato-781\">University of Waikato<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/timothy-naish-667248\">Timothy Naish<\/a>, Professor, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/te-herenga-waka-victoria-university-of-wellington-1200\">Te Herenga Waka \u2014 Victoria University of Wellington<\/a><\/em>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/zoe-heine-1248344\">Zo\u00eb Heine<\/a>, PhD Candidate, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/te-herenga-waka-victoria-university-of-wellington-1200\">Te Herenga Waka \u2014 Victoria University of Wellington<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-significant-number-of-new-zealanders-overestimate-sea-level-rise-and-that-could-stop-them-from-taking-action-164312\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-16603  sticky-bottom-mobile collapse show\"\n\t\t\tid=\"action-card\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-cut-climate-emissions-from-big-dairy\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-1024x678.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-600x397.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-2048x1356.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/06\/e3cbbda9-istock-540374954-510x338.jpg 510w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-cut-climate-emissions-from-big-dairy\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPETITION: Cut climate emissions from Big Dairy\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Join our call on the Government to go further than the Climate Commission&#8217;s inadequate recommendations and cut climate pollution from NZ&#8217;s biggest polluter: industrial dairying.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-cut-climate-emissions-from-big-dairy\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Take Action\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"not-now\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#action-card\"\n\t\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n<p class=\"has-beige-100-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">This article\u00a0is a guest post and doesn&#8217;t necessarily represent the views of Greenpeace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Following a recent storm surge in Wellington, some media coverage expressed surprise that 30cm of sea-level rise \u2013 an unavoidable amount projected to happen by the middle of this century&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"A significant number of New Zealanders overestimate sea-level rise \u2014 and that could stop them from taking action","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[16],"p4-page-type":[6],"class_list":["post-16766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-climate","p4-page-type-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A significant number of New Zealanders overestimate sea-level rise \u2014 and that could stop them from taking action<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/a-significant-number-of-new-zealanders-overestimate-sea-level-rise-and-that-could-stop-them-from-taking-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A significant number of New Zealanders overestimate sea-level rise \u2014 and that could stop them from taking action\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Following a recent storm surge in Wellington, some media coverage expressed surprise that 30cm of sea-level rise \u2013 an unavoidable amount projected to happen by the middle 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