{"id":52185,"date":"2022-06-07T06:59:21","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T18:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/?p=52185"},"modified":"2024-07-12T11:14:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T23:14:28","slug":"high-seas-fishing-industry-forced-labour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/high-seas-fishing-industry-forced-labour\/","title":{"rendered":"What\u2019s keeping the unprofitable high seas fishing industry going? Simple: Forced Labour"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The \u201chigh seas\u201d. For the uninitiated, a mere mention of the phrase throws up images of a vast never-ending expanse of pristine blue waters. But in reality, we know this vast expanse is far from pristine \u2013 threatened as it is by a toxic cocktail of climate change, plastic pollution, and the potential threat of deep-sea mining. Add to this mix the wildly destructive practices involved in high seas commercial fishing and we\u2019ve got a recipe for disaster.<\/p>\n\n<p>You likely have heard of the ecologically destructive impacts of industrial-scale high seas fishing. Think of that iconic scene near the end of \u201cFinding Nemo\u201d when the gang finds themselves caught in a monstrous purse seine net along with a school of tuna. While these fictional characters manage to escape, real fish in the ocean aren\u2019t as lucky.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<lite-youtube style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/ulucJnxT7B4\/hqdefault.jpg');\" videoid=\"ulucJnxT7B4\" params=\"rel=0\"><\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<p>Industrial fishing practices like purse seining are driving down fish stocks by taking more fish than are replenished, even catching species that we don\u2019t eat or use, and emptying out our oceans. Bottom trawling nets that drag across the ocean floor are destroying everything in their path. By now, we\u2019ve all seen countless images of helpless turtles caught in drifting nets. But did we know that in addition to being ecologically destructive, high seas industrial fishing is also largely unprofitable?<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2022\/06\/399069b2-gp1suzkr-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A devil ray caught as bycatch in Northern Indian Ocean \u00a9 Abbie Trayler-Smith \/ Greenpeace\" class=\"wp-image-54185\"\/><figcaption>A devil ray is caught as bycatch in a fishing net of an Iranian flagged vessel while fishing for tuna in the Northern Indian Ocean. These vessels often fish for tuna with 7 mile long gill nets, fishing with a gill net over 1.5 miles is illegal. \u00a9 Abbie Trayler-Smith \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>A 2018 study by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aat2504#con1\">ENRIC SALA<\/a>&nbsp;&amp; Others that used satellite data and machine learning to estimate high-seas fishing effort, costs, and benefits, found that up to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aat2504\">54% of high seas fishing grounds would be unprofitable<\/a>&nbsp;if not propped up by government subsidies and extremely low labour costs. Government subsidies have been known to prop up several ecologically damaging and unprofitable industries (*ahem* fossil fuels), so this is hardly surprising. While it\u2019s easy to estimate the role that subsidies play in propping up this industry, it\u2019s much more difficult to determine exactly how much of this industry is subsidized by low labour costs.<\/p>\n\n<p>The secrecy and lack of data around labour costs meant that researchers had to work with low and high estimates to determine profitability. Their calculations found that even with the lowest possible estimates of labour costs, around&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aat2504\">19% of the world\u2019s high seas fishing grounds would be unprofitable<\/a>, and with higher estimates, this would jump to a staggering 30%.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2022\/06\/c4748528-gp0stu864-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant fishers in Indonesia. \u00a9 Jurnasyanto Sukarno \/ Greenpeace\" class=\"wp-image-54186\"\/><figcaption>Fish workers unload catches from a troll ship at Tegal port, Central Java. Fishermen is one of the main livelihoods for people living in the North Coast area of Java. \u00a9 Jurnasyanto Sukarno \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>As fish populations collapse and fishing vessels have to go further out at sea, transportation and refrigeration costs have increased. While these costs are fixed, labour costs are more flexible. This is especially true far out at sea, where isolation and lack of oversight render fishers \u2013 who are often migrants with few legal protections \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/27803\/5-reasons-modern-slavery-at-sea-is-still-possible-in-2019\/\">more vulnerable to debt bondage, wage deductions, long working hours, and even physical abuse<\/a>. Shocking reported cases of abuse and even deaths of fishers aboard vessels have further highlighted the extreme and systemic issues of forced labour in this industry. In April, a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/press-release\/53401\/nine-indicted-abusing-crew-taiwan-fishing-vessel-dawang\/\">Taiwan court indicted nine people<\/a>, including the captain and first mate of the fishing vessel Da Wang, over the forced labour and physical abuse of more than 20 Indonesian and Filipino workers. It\u2019s alleged that the migrant fishers were beaten and forced to work up to 20 hours a day; and that some Muslim employees were given no choice but to eat pork, which is strictly prohibited by their religion. The prosecutor\u2019s office not only accused the captain and the chief officer for abuses but also persecuted recruitment agents and vessel owners.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2020\/09\/02c28b81-gp0stur93-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Modern slavery Of Indonesian fishers protest in Jakarta. \u00a9 Adhi Wicaksono \/ Greenpeace\" class=\"wp-image-45071\"\/><figcaption>The Indonesian Migrant Workers Union (SBMI) together with Greenpeace Indonesia conducted a peaceful action in front of Presidential Palace in Jakarta, to encourage the President to immediately ratify the Government Regulation draft on the Protection of Indonesian migrant fishers. According to the SBMI-Greenpeace Investigation Report Paper regarding data during 2015-2020, there were at least 11 Indonesian crew members who were victims of forced labor and even died on foreign ships. It is not uncommon for their bodies to be thrown into the high seas. \u00a9 Adhi Wicaksono \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>But successfully capturing culprits and protecting migrant fishers is extremely rare, especially in an industry that engages in illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. This practice is essentially crime on the high seas, in which not only destructive fishing practices take place, but also human rights abuses. It threatens the economic security of many fishing nations and puts law-abiding fishing communities and local seafood producers at a disadvantage.<\/p>\n\n<p>For several years now, the global Greenpeace network has shone a light on the inhumane conditions faced by migrant fishers aboard high-seas fishing vessels, so we know that combating IUU is not easy. But there\u2019s a place where we can start. Our local corporate grocer and tuna brands may not directly employ the migrant fishers who spend months or even years at sea hauling thousands of pounds of tuna for over 16 hours a day, but their sourcing policies and business practices set the tone for the entire industry. These companies have a responsibility to enact policies that ensure the fish they sell is not tainted by environmental and human rights abuses.<\/p>\n\n<p>We can hasten this industry shift by demonstrating that business as usual<em>\u00a0will not profit<\/em>. We can try to reduce how much seafood we eat\u00a0and we can choose local sustainable seafood where possible. <\/p>\n\n<p>Illegally caught fish is not at all palatable, and small scale fisheries and traditional and subsistence fisherfolk all around the world are proving that there is a better way to catch and distribute seafood. It\u2019s past time we look to them and demand a\u00a0<em>better normal\u00a0<\/em>for the world\u2019s fisheries.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Mallika Talwar is a Senior Oceans Campaigner on the Beyond Seafood team for Greenpeace US. This blog has been adapted from&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/whats-keeping-the-unprofitable-high-seas-fishing-industry-going-simple-forced-labor\/\"><em>GP US<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-52060 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/donation\/donate-to-greenpeace\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia-1024x576.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia-510x287.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/04\/d1493c84-gp04gyu_pressmedia.jpg 1920w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"A photo of the Rainbow Warrior arriving in Wellington\" title=\"A photo of the Rainbow Warrior arriving in Wellington\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/donation\/donate-to-greenpeace\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDonate to Greenpeace\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Take action for environmental protection. Please make a donation today. Greenpeace exists because this fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. It needs action.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/donation\/donate-to-greenpeace\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Donate\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The \u201chigh seas\u201d. For the uninitiated, a mere mention of the phrase throws up images of a vast never-ending expanse of pristine blue waters. But in reality, we know this&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":52188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[6],"class_list":["post-52185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","p4-page-type-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What\u2019s keeping the unprofitable high seas fishing industry going? 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