{"id":63701,"date":"2024-05-14T22:00:39","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T10:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/?p=63701"},"modified":"2025-05-20T12:57:25","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T00:57:25","slug":"some-say-treaty-waitangi-divides-nz-new-survey-suggests-opposite-true","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/some-say-treaty-waitangi-divides-nz-new-survey-suggests-opposite-true\/","title":{"rendered":"Some say the Treaty of Waitangi divides NZ \u2013 a new survey suggests the opposite is\u00a0true"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The stories Aotearoa New Zealand tells itself about the history of Te Tiriti o Waitangi\/the Treaty of Waitangi have evolved considerably over time. For many decades, starting with the 1940 centennial, state-sponsored commemorations of the signing, the event was romanticised as a coming together of two peoples<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"\/
Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Increasingly, these collective memories were challenged \u2013 primarily by M\u0101ori activism, but also by the work of revisionist historians. As a result, today\u2019s official narratives acknowledge the Treaty was broken repeatedly, often violently, during European colonisation. And they also recognise the Crown\u2019s obligation to remedy past breaches.<\/p>\n\n

Some conservative politicians have seen this shift in collective remembering as an opportunity for political point scoring. They denounce recent reinterpretations of the Treaty as sowing social division and weakening national unity.<\/p>\n\n

For example, in his 2004 Orewa speech<\/a>, then National leader Don Brash reviled the Treaty settlements process for creating \u201ca racially divided state\u201d. In 2017, National Prime Minister Bill English claimed<\/a> many New Zealanders \u201ccringe\u201d at M\u0101ori protests on Waitangi Day.<\/p>\n\n

Lately, ACT party leader David Seymour has attacked current interpretations<\/a> of the Treaty as being \u201cdivisive\u201d. His Treaty Principles Bill aims to rewrite those principles, against loud opposition from M\u0101ori<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

But my new research, published recently in the journal Political Science<\/a>, does not support claims the Treaty divides New Zealanders. In fact, the survey suggests quite the opposite: the Treaty provides a powerful symbol that promotes mutual understanding and reconciliation.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"\/
Waitangi Day 2024: ACT leader David Seymour and Prime Minister Christopher Luxon are welcomed onto the Treaty grounds. Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Our most important historical event<\/h2>\n\n

The survey involved a broadly representative sample of over 1,000 people. The key question asked respondents to spontaneously name the most important event in the history of Aotearoa New Zealand. This may seem simple, but it is an effective way to tap into readily accessible \u2013 and therefore meaningful \u2013 memories.<\/p>\n\n

The Treaty of Waitangi was the most frequent response, among both P\u0101keh\u0101\/European New Zealanders (38%) and M\u0101ori (59%).<\/p>\n\n

Younger respondents were significantly more likely to recall the signing of the Treaty than older generations. This possibly reflects efforts since the late 1990s to educate citizens on the Treaty and the role of the Waitangi Tribunal in redressing historical injustices.<\/p>\n\n

In fact, among those respondents born between 2000 and 2006, more than 70% identified the Treaty as the most important event in national history.<\/p>\n\n

Remembering the past matters<\/h2>\n\n

The survey data make it possible to investigate how collective memories of the historical past shape what individuals think about politics and society in the present.<\/p>\n\n

In particular, we can compare two groups of respondents: those who recalled the Treaty of Waitangi as most important, and those who attached the greatest importance to Eurocentric historical events (such as the arrival of Captain Cook and European settlers, World War I, and women\u2019s suffrage).<\/p>\n\n

Participants were also prompted to rate their \u201cwarmth\u201d towards other social groups. In addition, the survey included a range of questions about national identity and redress of historical wrongs against M\u0101ori.<\/p>\n\n

Analysis of the responses revealed four important findings.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. There was no evidence M\u0101ori who rated the Treaty as the most important historical event felt markedly \u201ccool\u201d towards European New Zealanders. Rather, it was P\u0101keh\u0101 respondents calling to mind Eurocentric historical events who exhibited little warmth for M\u0101ori.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. There was no evidence that singling out the Treaty as the most important event undermined individuals\u2019 sense of national belonging \u2013 among either P\u0101keh\u0101 or M\u0101ori.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. P\u0101keh\u0101 respondents who named the Treaty as the most important event were likely to support a broader definition of what it means to be a New Zealander. Specifically, they understood national identity to be inclusive of M\u0101ori culture and values, rather than insisting on a narrow, monocultural understanding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. P\u0101keh\u0101 who identified the Treaty as the most important historical event showed a significant tendency to support redress for historical injustices to M\u0101ori.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
    \"\"\/
    Waitangi Day 2024: more unity than division. Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    The symbolic power of the Treaty<\/h2>\n\n

    When nations craft narratives about their historical origins \u2013 be it revolutions, wars or the making of constitutions \u2013 they tend to frame these stories positively.<\/p>\n\n

    Aotearoa New Zealand is different. The Treaty of Waitangi \u2013 often considered the nation\u2019s founding document \u2013 includes in its more recent narratives an admission of guilt and an obligation to remedy past wrongs.<\/p>\n\n

    \"Russel
    Russel Norman, Fili Fepulea\u2019i, Jess Desmond, Niamh O\u2019Flynn and Emma Page of Greenpeace Aotearoa at Waitangi wearing Honour TeTiriti \/ Toit\u016b Te Tiriti shirts in 2024\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    Some politicians have taken aim at these narratives. They claim dwelling too much on historical breaches of the Treaty \u2013 for example, through Waitangi Tribunal proceedings or M\u0101ori protest \u2013 strains the social fabric.<\/p>\n\n

    However, the recently published survey findings indicate such concerns are misplaced. Rather, narratives that foreground Treaty breaches help forge a bicultural sense of belonging and commitment to work through those breaches.<\/p>\n\n

    The survey also finds the Treaty holds especially strong symbolic power among young people. This suggests electoral strategies that seek to undo decades of revisionist storytelling about the Treaty will likely lead to diminishing returns in the future.<\/p>\n\n

    Olli Hellmann<\/a>, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Waikato<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n

    This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

    This article\u00a0is a guest post and doesn’t necessarily represent the views of Greenpeace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Te Tiriti o Waitangi provides a powerful symbol that promotes mutual understanding and reconciliation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":39,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[14],"p4-page-type":[6],"class_list":["post-63701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-about-us","p4-page-type-story"],"yoast_head":"\nSome say the Treaty of Waitangi divides NZ \u2013 a new survey suggests the opposite is\u00a0true<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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