{"id":64339,"date":"2024-06-17T13:21:28","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T01:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/?p=64339"},"modified":"2025-05-20T12:56:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T00:56:45","slug":"huge-carbon-store-seabed-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/","title":{"rendered":"New research reveals huge carbon store in the\u00a0seabed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Protecting and effectively managing oceans and seabeds are crucial in the fight against climate change.<\/p>\n\n<p>Oceans have absorbed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/chapter\/chapter-7\/#7.2.2.2\">more than 90 per cent of the excess heat from global warming<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43017-022-00381-x\">at least 25 per cent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions<\/a>. They also <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-15-5301-2023\">store vast amounts of carbon<\/a>, locking it away from the atmosphere for hundreds to even thousands of years.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/600276\/original\/file-20240612-19-qw69kx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C1920%2C1080&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A seabed habitat on the ocean floor off the coast of Nova Scotia seen on the third dive of the NOAA Deep Connections 2019 expedition. (NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Coastal habitats such as <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43017-021-00224-1\">mangroves, seagrass beds, saltmarshes<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12990\">kelp forests<\/a> have gained significant attention as <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd6034\">natural climate solutions<\/a>. In comparison, the sediments that line the seafloor have been generally ignored, even though they have been estimated to hold carbon stores <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.00165\">considerably larger than that of trees and soils on land<\/a>. A major contributing factor has been the lack of reliable, high-resolution maps of the seabed\u2019s carbon store.<\/p>\n\n<p>We are part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bluecarboncanada.ca\/\">a group of scientists<\/a> who set out to address that problem and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-16-2165-2024\">our recent study<\/a> details the creation of the first high-resolution maps of carbon in Canada\u2019s seabed sediments.<\/p>\n\n<p>These maps provide the first steps towards including climate change considerations in Canada\u2019s seabed conservation.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nature-as-a-buffer\">Nature as a buffer<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Earth\u2019s climate <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59327\/IPCC\/AR6-9789291691647\">has already changed at an unprecedented scale<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-023-01848-5\">in the next five years<\/a>, the world\u2019s human population will have likely overshot the level of emissions that would limit global warming to 1.5 C.<\/p>\n\n<p>The most significant action to prevent the worst effects of climate breakdown is to considerably reduce the burning of fossil fuels. But, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59117\/20.500.11822\/43922\">due to the scale of the problem, every tool will be necessary<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Natural ecosystems act as a major buffer against climate change. Of all the carbon dioxide pumped into our atmosphere, around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/downloads\/faqs\/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FAQ_Chapter_05.pdf\">60 per cent is absorbed by our lands and oceans<\/a>. Damage to these ecosystems from human activities is, however, limiting their effectiveness, with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/global-greenhouse-gas-overview\">10 to 20 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions<\/a> originating from habitat degradation.<\/p>\n\n<p>Forests and wetlands are often targeted for <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01241-2\">protection and restoration to help in the fight against climate change<\/a> because they hold large amounts of carbon within their trees and soils. The important role that seabed sediments play in the ocean\u2019s carbon cycle has been <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2475\/ajs.282.4.451\">recognized for many years<\/a>, but their ability to exacerbate or mitigate human caused climate change <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03371-z\">has only more recently been considered<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/594931\/original\/file-20240517-19-djv6oq.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Photo of muddy mixed sediment.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo of muddy mixed sediment in Halls Bay, Newfoundland in 1990. (Natural Resources Canada)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mapping-seabed-carbon\">Mapping seabed carbon<\/h2>\n\n<p>One of the first steps towards incorporating climate change mitigation in seabed management is to quantify and map this major carbon store.<\/p>\n\n<p>In our new study, we compiled the best available data on the composition of seabed sediments across Canada and combined this with a wide range of environmental data within a machine learning predictive mapping process to create the first national map of organic carbon stocks in seabed sediments.<\/p>\n\n<p>The resulting high resolution seabed carbon map covers 4.5 million square kilometres, which is nearly 80 per cent of Canada\u2019s total marine area or 90 per cent of the seafloor area above 2,500 metres.<\/p>\n\n<p>In total, the amount of carbon estimated to exist within the top 30 centimetres of seabed sediments across Canada is 10.9 billion tonnes. This is equivalent to approximately <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.04.05.586816\">100 times that of all Canadian seagrass beds and saltmarshes combined<\/a>, and around <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021GB007213\">60 per cent of the carbon contained in the trees of all the forests in Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-canada-s-carbon-rich-seafloor\">Canada\u2019s carbon-rich seafloor<\/h2>\n\n<p>There is considerable variation in the amount of carbon stored in different parts of Canada\u2019s seabed. On the west coast in British Columbia, the muddy sediments at the bottom of fjords and inlets were estimated to contain particularly high levels of carbon, along with parts of the enclosed Salish Sea. This was contrasted by very low carbon in shallower areas offshore, where strong waves and currents frequently stir up the sediment leaving little carbon to accumulate.<\/p>\n\n<p>On Canada\u2019s east coast, enclosed inlets and bays also contained the highest amount of carbon. However, a significant amount was also predicted to occur in the deep channels of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In comparison, the Arctic seafloor generally contained lower levels of carbon, but relatively high carbon was predicted in sediments close to the Arctic coasts and in the northern parts of Baffin Bay near Greenland.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-future-developments\">Future developments<\/h2>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-marine-010816-060724\">There is increasing evidence<\/a> that human activities are impacting seabed sediment carbon stocks. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03371-z\">a recent study<\/a> estimated that global fishing activities using bottom trawls and dredges disturb huge amounts of seabed sediments and may cause a considerable amount of the carbon to be <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1125137\">emitted as CO2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Although there is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.16105\">significant uncertainty<\/a> in the scale of these estimates, the maps produced here may provide opportunities to better research appropriate management strategies to limit the potential loss of carbon due to disturbance of the seafloor in Canada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Habitats such as seagrass beds, saltmarshes and kelp forests are already included <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/oceans\/publications\/mpanf-cnzpm\/page01-eng.html\">in Canada\u2019s marine conserved areas<\/a> in the hope that by providing them protection, their carbon storage capacity will be maintained or enhanced. One option would be to include carbon-rich seafloor sediments within Canada\u2019s expanding marine conservation network for similar precautionary carbon protection. This would be a sensible low-risk strategy.<\/p>\n\n<p>There may also be the potential to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000059\">manage or modify human activities<\/a> that disturb carbon-rich seabed areas. Using this map to gain an understanding of where these interactions occur could allow better targeting of research and management actions.<\/p>\n\n<p>Overall, seabed sediments are one of the world\u2019s largest carbon stores. It is important to consider how to best manage them as part of our toolbox for slowing down runaway climate change.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-52168  sticky-bottom-mobile collapse show\"\n\t\t\tid=\"action-card\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-stop-deep-sea-mining\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/06\/0ac18dd4-miner-1024x535.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/06\/0ac18dd4-miner-600x314.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/06\/0ac18dd4-miner-1024x535.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/06\/0ac18dd4-miner-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/06\/0ac18dd4-miner-510x266.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2022\/06\/0ac18dd4-miner.jpg 1200w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-stop-deep-sea-mining\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPETITION: Stop deep sea mining\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">It\u2019s time for New Zealand to take a stand. Join our call on the New Zealand government to back a global moratorium on seabed mining.\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/petition\/petition-stop-deep-sea-mining\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Take Action\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"not-now\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#action-card\"\n\t\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/graham-epstein-1528152\">Graham Epstein<\/a>, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Biology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-victoria-1182\">University of Victoria<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/julia-k-baum-10975\">Julia K. Baum<\/a>, Professor of Biology, Department of Biology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-victoria-1182\">University of Victoria<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/new-research-sheds-lights-on-the-huge-carbon-store-in-canadas-seabed-229550\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-beige-100-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">This article\u00a0is a guest post and doesn&#8217;t necessarily represent the views of Greenpeace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Protecting and effectively managing oceans and seabeds are crucial in the fight against climate change. Oceans store vast amounts of carbon, locking it away from the atmosphere for hundreds to even thousands of years.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":14943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[109,16,25],"p4-page-type":[6],"class_list":["post-64339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-seabed-mining","tag-climate","tag-oceans","p4-page-type-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New research reveals huge carbon store in the\u00a0seabed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New research reveals huge carbon store in the\u00a0seabed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Protecting and effectively managing oceans and seabeds are crucial in the fight against climate change. Oceans store vast amounts of carbon, locking it away from the atmosphere for hundreds to even thousands of years.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Greenpeace Aotearoa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/greenpeace.nz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-06-17T01:21:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-20T00:56:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/11\/4bae41a6-gp023y4_medium_res.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nick Young\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@GreenpeaceNZ\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GreenpeaceNZ\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Young\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Nick Young\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/#\/schema\/person\/cd74b3cb7be5f23213b8b83730534221\"},\"headline\":\"New research reveals huge carbon store in the\u00a0seabed\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-06-17T01:21:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-20T00:56:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\"},\"wordCount\":996,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/11\/4bae41a6-gp023y4_medium_res.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Seabed Mining\",\"Climate Change\",\"Oceans\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Greenpeace\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\",\"name\":\"New research reveals huge carbon store in the\u00a0seabed\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/11\/4bae41a6-gp023y4_medium_res.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-06-17T01:21:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-20T00:56:45+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/#\/schema\/person\/cd74b3cb7be5f23213b8b83730534221\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/huge-carbon-store-seabed-research\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/11\/4bae41a6-gp023y4_medium_res.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2020\/11\/4bae41a6-gp023y4_medium_res.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":675,\"caption\":\"Underwater image of a soft coral Gersemia rubiformis and feather star Heliometra glacialis. Image taken on the little known seabed of the Arctic Ocean, north of Svalbard. (The image captured from High Definition and uncompressed video footage). The cameras reveal a seabed rich in biodiversity. 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