{"id":65205,"date":"2024-08-08T07:24:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T19:24:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/?p=65205"},"modified":"2025-07-28T21:03:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T09:03:12","slug":"sea-lions-wearing-cameras-map-habitats-beautiful-slow-tv-video","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/sea-lions-wearing-cameras-map-habitats-beautiful-slow-tv-video\/","title":{"rendered":"Slow TV: Sea lions wearing cameras map new\u00a0habitats in beautiful video"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Sea lions wearing mounted cameras have helped scientists map new habitats and created an unexpectedly beautiful video.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Across the world\u2019s oceans, our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3263\/8\/2\/63\">knowledge of the seafloor<\/a> is very limited. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3263\/10\/7\/273\">Mapping<\/a> and studying deep, remote offshore areas is difficult, expensive and time-consuming. So much of the ocean has <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/9781118311172.ch20\">not yet been explored<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611488\/original\/file-20240805-19-3u5cr4.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C6%2C2048%2C1526&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Sea lions with mounted cameras map their habitat and capture the &quot;best slow TV ever&quot;.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sea lions with mounted cameras map their habitat and capture the &#8220;best slow TV ever&#8221;. Photo: Nathan Angelakis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>But what if marine mammals could help? In our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/marine-science\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1425554\/full\">new research<\/a>, my colleagues and I attached underwater cameras and trackers to eight Australian sea lions (<em>Neophoca cinerea<\/em>) from two colonies in South Australia. The sea lions explored unmapped areas of the ocean, found new reefs, and revealed amazing diverse habitats on the seafloor.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A South Australian sea lion attached with a camera\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1Lil_R5RQrs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sea lion swimming through invertebrate reef, sponge garden, macroalgae reef, bare sand, and invertebrate boulder habitats. Video: Angelakis et al. 2024.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>This turned out to be a very effective way to map large areas. That\u2019s because we could use the information to predict habitats in areas the sea lions didn\u2019t visit. These predictive computer models could also be used to assess how the various habitats might correspond to different environmental conditions.<\/p>\n\n<p>Improving our understanding of how seafloor habitats function, and how <a href=\"https:\/\/online.ucpress.edu\/elementa\/article\/doi\/10.1525\/elementa.203\/112418\/Major-impacts-of-climate-change-on-deep-sea\">human activity<\/a> may change them, will be crucial if we are to protect these vital ecosystems in the future. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-chevron\" id=\"h-new-zealand-sea-lion-at-risk\">New Zealand sea lion at risk<\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group group-stretched-link has-dark-green-800-color has-beige-100-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-8f0e32c190bbedc8b90a3c826c571d72 is-vertical is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c0ca7d81 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-beige-100-background-color has-background\">New Zealand sea lions &#8211; pakake &#8211; are the most threatened in the world. That&#8217;s mainly because the fishing industry is relentlessly reducing their food source and killing them directly as &#8216;bycatch&#8217;. <br><br><strong>Sign the petition now to help get them better protection:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout   sticky-bottom-mobile collapse show\"\n\t\t\tid=\"action-card\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/community.greenpeace.org.nz\/petitions\/reinstate-the-death-limit-for-endangered-sea-lions?source=greenpeace&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_source=greenpeace.org\" target=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2024\/08\/12eaa3e1-gp04ogu_medium-res-1200px-1024x682.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2024\/08\/12eaa3e1-gp04ogu_medium-res-1200px-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2024\/08\/12eaa3e1-gp04ogu_medium-res-1200px-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2024\/08\/12eaa3e1-gp04ogu_medium-res-1200px-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2024\/08\/12eaa3e1-gp04ogu_medium-res-1200px-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2024\/08\/12eaa3e1-gp04ogu_medium-res-1200px.jpg 1199w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"A New Zealand sea lion pup at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, in the New Zealand subantarctic.\" title=\"A New Zealand sea lion pup at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, in the New Zealand subantarctic.\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/community.greenpeace.org.nz\/petitions\/reinstate-the-death-limit-for-endangered-sea-lions?source=greenpeace&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_source=greenpeace.org\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPETITION: Stop fishing industry sea lion deaths\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Call on Parliament to reinstate the official limit for \u2018acceptable\u2019 deaths of pakake, the New Zealand sea lion.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/community.greenpeace.org.nz\/petitions\/reinstate-the-death-limit-for-endangered-sea-lions?source=greenpeace&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_source=greenpeace.org\"\n                        target=\"_blank\"\n                    >\n                        Add your name\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"not-now\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#action-card\"\n\t\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-sea-lions-as-data-collectors\">Using sea lions as data collectors<\/h2>\n\n<p>We attached cameras and trackers to eight adult female sea lions \u2013 four from Olive Island on the western Eyre Peninsula and four from Seal Bay on Kangaroo Island \u2013 between December 2022 and August 2023.<\/p>\n\n<p>Small, lightweight cameras and satellite-linked GPS loggers were glued to small pieces of neoprene (wetsuit material), which were then glued to the fur of the sea lions.<\/p>\n\n<p>The equipment weighed less than 1% of the sea lions\u2019 body weight and didn\u2019t stick out very far, so as to minimise drag and allow unrestricted movement.<\/p>\n\n<p>In each case the equipment was removed after one trip to sea (about 2\u20136 days), when the animal returned to land to nurse her pup. The data was then collected and downloaded.<\/p>\n\n<p>Building predictive computer models from the data required several steps.<\/p>\n\n<p>First, we analysed the video (89 hours in total). We used a computer program, with which we categorised the different seafloor habitats the sea lions visited.<\/p>\n\n<p>We then time-matched these videos to movement data from our trackers. This ensured we mapped the habitats to the right locations.<\/p>\n\n<p>Next, we combined this habitat data with environmental data such as nutrient concentrations, sea surface temperatures and seafloor depths. This allowed us to characterise the different habitats the sea lions visited. We could then use this information to predict habitats in areas the sea lions didn\u2019t visit while they were out at sea.<\/p>\n\n<p>Altogether we mapped habitat across more than 5,000 square kilometres of the seafloor, which until now has never been explored.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-we-discovered\">What we discovered<\/h2>\n\n<p>Our study shows Australian sea lions use a variety of habitats on the seafloor. These include lush kelp (macroalgae) reefs and meadows, vast bare sand plains, dense sponge gardens and diverse invertebrate reef habitats.<\/p>\n\n<p>Using machine-learning (a form of artificial intelligence), our models predict these diverse habitats cover large areas of the continental shelf across southern Australia. This machine-learning approach produced really accurate models.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our models suggest nutrient supply, sea surface temperature and depth are particularly crucial to the distribution and structure of seafloor habitats.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-our-research-matters\">Why our research matters<\/h2>\n\n<p>Through this research we have been able to efficiently map seabed habitats across large, previously unexplored areas of the ocean. This has given us crucial insight into how different conditions may drive the location and structure of seabed habitats.<\/p>\n\n<p>Using sea lions to map the seafloor has considerable advantages. Sea lions can cover large areas in short time frames, and can access habitats we can\u2019t. This research can also be conducted from land, with fewer people, at relatively low cost compared with traditional vessel surveys.<\/p>\n\n<p>Furthermore, Australian sea lions are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Simon-Goldsworthy-3\/publication\/304505078_Neophoca_cinerea_The_IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species_2015\/links\/57eb07ba08aeafc4e88a5a23\/Neophoca-cinerea-The-IUCN-Red-List-of-Threatened-Species-2015.pdf\">endangered<\/a>. Their populations across South and Western Australia have declined by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/esr2021\/44\/n044p421.pdf\">more than 60%<\/a> over the past 40 years.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our study helped identify habitats and areas of importance to sea lions. This information will be crucial for conserving and managing their populations into the future. Habitats and areas that are valuable to Australian sea lions may also be important to other key marine species as well.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sea lion cameras also offer a unique way to understand the importance of different marine environments from the perspective of a predator. Traditionally, the quality and importance of different marine environments has been evaluated from an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0301479704001409?casa_token=46K67IrULsQAAAAA:gHNu-vNzPRf63waAZB9bhvABGGh770KvJMJdBOdDAPV9JEX3IqBykVSvS_hW7Es-t4pY6nhDMwy5\">anthropocentric (human-based) perspective<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>So this study highlights an important progression in marine science. Using video from a predator like the Australian sea lion is another way we can assess the importance of different marine environments. In future, this approach will help improve our understanding of the world\u2019s oceans and the species that use them.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611495\/original\/file-20240805-17-uv4ysw.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611495\/original\/file-20240805-17-uv4ysw.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Three Australian sea lions huddled together in the sand dunes on Kangaroo Island\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Australian sea lions spend several days searching for food at sea before returning to rest on land. Nathan Angelakis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-192 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/act\/donate\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/03\/bffe354e-gp04k5b_medium_res_with_credit_line-1024x683.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/03\/bffe354e-gp04k5b_medium_res_with_credit_line-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/03\/bffe354e-gp04k5b_medium_res_with_credit_line-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/03\/bffe354e-gp04k5b_medium_res_with_credit_line-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/03\/bffe354e-gp04k5b_medium_res_with_credit_line-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-aotearoa-stateless\/2021\/03\/bffe354e-gp04k5b_medium_res_with_credit_line.jpg 1200w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/act\/donate\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDonate\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">Donate to Greenpeace today. We take no money from corporations or governments. Our independence and ability to speak and act freely is our greatest strength. To maintain that freedome, we rely on the generosity of people like you to keep us in action.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/act\/donate\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Take Action\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/nathan-angelakis-1468976\">Nathan Angelakis<\/a>, PhD Candidate in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-adelaide-1119\">University of Adelaide<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/sea-lions-wearing-cameras-and-trackers-map-new-habitats-235956\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-beige-100-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">This article\u00a0is a guest post and doesn&#8217;t necessarily represent the views of Greenpeace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sea lions with mounted cameras map their habitat and capture the &#8220;best slow TV ever&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":65206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_planet4_optimize_post_is_variant":false,"_planet4_optimize_experiment_name":"","_planet4_optimize_variant_name":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[25],"p4-page-type":[6],"class_list":["post-65205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-oceans","p4-page-type-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Slow TV: Sea lions wearing cameras map new\u00a0habitats in beautiful video<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/sea-lions-wearing-cameras-map-habitats-beautiful-slow-tv-video\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Slow TV: Sea lions wearing cameras map new\u00a0habitats in beautiful video\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sea lions with mounted cameras map their habitat and capture the &quot;best slow TV ever&quot;.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/aotearoa\/story\/sea-lions-wearing-cameras-map-habitats-beautiful-slow-tv-video\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Greenpeace Aotearoa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/greenpeace.nz\" \/>\n<meta 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