{"id":25728,"date":"2019-10-03T05:00:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T09:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/?p=25728"},"modified":"2019-11-06T03:27:02","modified_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:27:02","slug":"les-scientifiques-appellent-les-maires-a-reduire-la-consommation-de-viande-dans-les-villes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/blog-des-volontaires\/25728\/les-scientifiques-appellent-les-maires-a-reduire-la-consommation-de-viande-dans-les-villes\/","title":{"rendered":"Les scientifiques appellent les maires \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la consommation de viande dans les villes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 l\u2019attention des Maires,<\/span><\/p>\n

Le consensus scientifique concernant les impacts actuels et futurs sur notre climat et notre biodiversit\u00e9 appelle clairement \u00e0 une transformation rapide de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 toutes les \u00e9chelles et dans tous les secteurs, afin de maintenir un climat et une plan\u00e8te plus s\u00fbrs pour l\u2019avenir de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les dirigeants municipaux ont un r\u00f4le crucial \u00e0 jouer dans la recherche de solutions innovantes am\u00e9liorant le bien-\u00eatre des citoyennes et citoyens tout en contribuant \u00e0 maintenir un climat et une plan\u00e8te s\u00fbrs pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures (1). Une des solutions innovantes concerne les politiques alimentaires urbaines, qui offrent des options gagnant-gagnant pour am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 publique des citadin<\/span>\u00b7e<\/span>s tout en contribuant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire dans une large mesure les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’empreinte carbone de l’\u00e9levage est environ 10 \u00e0 100 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des aliments v\u00e9g\u00e9taux (2). R\u00e9duire la surconsommation issue de l’\u00e9levage r\u00e9duirait donc consid\u00e9rablement les impacts environnementaux de la production alimentaire (3). Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu’un sixi\u00e8me de l’empreinte carbone d\u2019un r\u00e9gime alimentaire moyen en Europe est due aux \u00e9missions caus\u00e9es par la d\u00e9forestation de zones tropicales (4). La consommation de viande et de produits laitiers n\u00e9cessite de produire une alimentation animale importante, souvent elle-m\u00eame produite \u00e0 partir de terres cultiv\u00e9es s’\u00e9tendant sur des superficies r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9bois\u00e9es (5).<\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que la faim et la sous nutrition demeurent des enjeux mondiaux cruciaux, la malnutrition augmente : changer les r\u00e9gimes alimentaires actuels par des r\u00e9gimes alimentaires plus sains pourraient permettre d’\u00e9viter environ 10 millions de d\u00e9c\u00e8s par an (10,8 \u00e0 11,6 millions de d\u00e9c\u00e8s par an, soit une r\u00e9duction de <\/span>19.0\u201323.6%<\/span>) (6).<\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent qu’il n’est pas n\u00e9cessaire que les humains deviennent v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens ou v\u00e9g\u00e9taliens pour avoir un impact significatif sur le changement climatique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire : une transition vers une alimentation saine \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale r\u00e9duirait consid\u00e9rablement les impacts environnementaux n\u00e9gatifs de la production alimentaire et serait \u00e9galement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour la sant\u00e9 humaine (7).<\/span><\/p>\n

Partout dans le monde des dirigeants municipaux vont de l’avant avec d\u2019ambitieuses politiques alimentaires en milieu urbain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le maire de la Ville de New York, Bill de Blasio, et le Pr\u00e9sident du Brooklyn Borough, Eric Adams, ont r\u00e9cemment annonc\u00e9 que les 1 700 \u00e9coles publiques de New York serviront des repas sans viande tous les lundis : plus de 1,1 million d’\u00e9tudiants auront ainsi un repas v\u00e9g\u00e9tarien chaque semaine.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 Lille, en France, le menu de l’\u00e9cole propose chaque semaine deux repas sans viande ni poisson dans les \u00e9coles publiques. Lille sert environ 14 000 repas par jour en milieu scolaire. La ville de Lille avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 mis en place un menu v\u00e9g\u00e9tarien par semaine dans ses cantines depuis 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au Mexique, le programme \u00abCome Consciente\u00bb de Veracruz lanc\u00e9 en avril 2018 exige que toutes les \u00e9coles de l\u2019\u00c9tat de Veracruz (le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand \u00c9tat du Mexique) servent des repas majoritairement \u00e0 base de fruits et l\u00e9gumes\u00a0 tous les lundis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les prochains jours, des centaines de villes participeront \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence annuelle du Pacte de Milan sur la politique alimentaire et urbaine, \u00e0 Montpellier, en France, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence annuelle du C 40 \u00e0 Copenhague, au Danemark.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour assurer un avenir sain \u00e0 la fois pour les citoyen<\/span>n<\/span>\u00b7e<\/span>s et pour la plan\u00e8te, nous, scientifiques travaillant pour le bien commun, demandons\u00a0 es maires de r\u00e9duire la viande servi dans les cantines publiques tout en augmenter les repas majoritairement \u00e0 base de fruits et l\u00e9gumes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cordialement,<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pete Smith, Professor of Soils & Global Change, University of Aberdeen, UK. FRS, FRSE, FNA, FRSB<\/span><\/p>\n

Adrian M\u00fcller, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, FiBL, Switzerland.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elin R\u00f6\u00f6s, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hans R. Herren, Biovision, Switzerland.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tara Garnett, University of Oxford, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marc Dufumier, Emeritus Professor, AgroParisTech, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fernando Valladares, Professor, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rodolfo Dirzo, Professor, Stanford University, USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Priska Baur, Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften, Switzerland.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maria Cruz Diaz Barradas, Professor, University of Seville, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bojana Bajzelj, Researcher, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jennie Macdiarmid, Professor, University of Aberdeen, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Joseph Poore, Researcher, University of Oxford, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

William Ripple, Professor, Oregon State University, USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rosemary Green, Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Miguel Delibes, Professor, Do\u00f1ana Biological Station CSIC, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peter Birch S\u00f8rensen, Professor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.<\/span><\/p>\n

Michel Duru, Researcher, INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Matthew Hayek, Professor, New York University, USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jens Lund, Professor,<\/span> University of Copenhagen, Denmark.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stephen<\/span> Whybrow, Researcher, University of Aberdeen, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mike Berners-Lee, Professor, Lancaster University, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marco Springmann, Researcher, University of Oxford, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Helen Harwatt, Researcher, Harvard Law School, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julio D\u00edaz, Researcher, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prajal Pradhan, Researcher, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Germany<\/span><\/p>\n

Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joly, Researcher, INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antonio Ruiz de Elvira, Professor, University of Alcal\u00e1, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Isabelle<\/span> Veissier, Researcher, INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nicolas Treich, Researcher, Toulouse School of Economics and INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roland Cash, Researcher, ASCL\u00c9PIADES, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elise Huchard, Researcher, CNRS, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marie-Claude Marsolier-Kergoat, Researcher, CEA\/Mus\u00e9um National d’Histoire Naturelle, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Emilie Dardenne, Researcher, Universit\u00e9 Rennes 2, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lucie Najak, Researcher, Inserm, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Laurent B\u00e8gue, Professor, University Grenoble Alpes \/ CNRS, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gilles Brunschwig, Professor, VetAgroSup, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jared Piazza, Researcher, Lancaster university, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marion Desquilbet, Researcher, Toulouse School of Economics and INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Isabelle Champion, Researcher, INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sandrine Mathy, Researcher, CNRS, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9bastien Barot, Researcher, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Laure Emperaire, Researcher, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, France<\/span><\/p>\n

Yves Chilliard, Retired Research Director, INRA, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gilles Billen, Research Director, CNRS\/Sorbonne University, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rapha\u00ebl Manlay, Researcher, AgroParisTech, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sophie Caillon, Researcher, CNRS, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vend\u00e9 J\u00e9r\u00e9my, Researcher, AgroParisTech, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paul West, Researcher, Global Landscapes Initiative, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eve Fouilleux, Research Director, CNRS – University Paris Est, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alberte Bondeau, Researcher, CNRS, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Le Manach, Researcher, BLOOM, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Leroux Beno\u00eet, Researcher,<\/span> Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers – GRESCO, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wolfgang Cramer, Professor, CNRS (IMBE), France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mercedes Pardo-Buend\u00eda, Professor, University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marta Guadalupe Rivera-Ferre, Researcher, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alberto Bernu\u00e9s, Researcher, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tim Benton, Professor, University of Leeds, UK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sophie Devienne, Professor, AgroParisTech, France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elena Bennet, Professor, McGill University, Canada.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vicent Hilomen, Professor, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os, the Philippines.<\/span><\/p>\n

David Suzuki, Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia, Canada<\/span> .<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong> Les signataires s\u2019engagent en leur propre nom et non au nom de leurs institutions affili\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0 Bertoldi, P., Kona, A., Rivas, S. & Dallemand, J. F. 2018. Towards a global comprehensive and transparent framework for cities and local governments enabling an effective contribution to the Paris climate agreement. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 30, 67-74.<\/span><\/p>\n

IPBES 2019. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Clark, M. & Tilman, D. 2017. Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters 12, 064016.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poore, J. & Nemecek, T. 2018. Reducing food\u2019s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360: 987.<\/span><\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Baj\u017eelj B., Richards K.S., Allwood J.M., Smith P., Dennis J.S., Curmi E. & Gilligan C.A. 2014. The importance of food demand management for climate mitigation. Nature Climate Change 4, 924\u2013929.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tilman, D. & Clark, M. 2014. Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature 515, 518\u2013522.<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Pendrill, F., Persson, U.M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S. & Wood, R. 2019. Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10.<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) Smith, P. 2018. Managing the global land resource. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285: 20172798.<\/span><\/p>\n

(6)\u00a0 Data from the latest Eat-Lancet Commission on Planetary Health: Willett, W., Rockstr\u00f6m, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., Garnett, T., Tilman, D., DeClerck, F., Wood, A., Jonell, M., Clark, M., Gordon, L. J., Fanzo, J., Hawkes, C., Zurayk, R., Rivera, J. A., De Vries, W., Majele Sibanda, L., Afshin, A., Chaudhary, A., Herrero, M., Agustina, R., Branca, F., Lartey, A., Fan, S., Crona, B., Fox, E., Bignet, V., Troell, M., Lindahl, T., Singh, S., Cornell, S. E., Srinath Reddy, K., Narain, S., Nishtar, S. & Murray, C. J. L. 2019. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT\u2013Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet, 393, 447-492.<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) Smith, P. 2018. Managing the global land resource. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285: 20172798.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*Traduction non officielle\u00a0 faite gracieusement par Greeenpeace Canada. La version originale est\u00a0 en anglais est ici: <\/span><\/i>www.scientists4lessmeat.org<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 l\u2019attention des Maires, Le consensus scientifique concernant les impacts actuels et futurs sur notre climat et notre biodiversit\u00e9 appelle clairement \u00e0 une transformation rapide de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 toutes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":25732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[38],"p4-page-type":[],"class_list":["post-25728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vivre-de-facon-durable","tag-alimentation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25728"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25735,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25728\/revisions\/25735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25728"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/canada\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=25728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}