{"id":10391,"date":"2020-04-30T20:32:27","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T18:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=10391"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:31:34","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:31:34","slug":"pouceni-z-pandemie-5-cistejsi-ovzdusi-znamena-zdravejsi-populaci-a-mene-mrtvych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/10391\/pouceni-z-pandemie-5-cistejsi-ovzdusi-znamena-zdravejsi-populaci-a-mene-mrtvych\/","title":{"rendered":"POU\u010cEN\u00cd Z PANDEMIE 5: \u010cist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed znamen\u00e1 zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed populaci a m\u00e9n\u011b mrtv\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u011bdci si v\u0161imnuli, \u017ee na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech sv\u011bta, kde jsou lid\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b vystaveni vlivu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e1 v\u00edce pacient\u016f znateln\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh nemoci Covid-19 a je zde vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed smrtnost. Zat\u00edm je v\u00fdzkum tohoto jevu v za\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch, ale jedno je jasn\u00e9 u\u017e nyn\u00ed z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f vztahu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a jin\u00fdch infekc\u00ed napadaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty. \u010c\u00edm \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budeme m\u00edt ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ho d\u00fdchaj\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy o kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/a> Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zem\u0159e v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b v d\u016fsledku zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed 10 190 obyvatel. Ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch Evropy jde o 538 000 lid\u00ed. A v cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jde podle WHO<\/a> o sedm milion\u016f lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Tato \u010d\u00edsla jsou v posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b prakticky stejn\u00e1 a v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s je \u010dte bez toho, \u017ee by n\u00e1s vzru\u0161ovala. Tento rok v\u0161ak budou podle v\u0161eho o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. A mo\u017en\u00e1 se t\u011bmito \u010d\u00edsly za\u010dne v\u00edc zab\u00fdvat tak\u00e9 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 jinak snahu o \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed ozna\u010duj\u00ed za zbyte\u010dn\u00fd luxus. N\u011bkolik studi\u00ed toti\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee souviset s m\u00edrou \u00famrt\u00ed na plicn\u00ed nemoc Covid-19, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9 se (zat\u00edm) na n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f doslova zastavil sv\u011bt. Spolupachately koronaviru, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pandemii od dob \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ch\u0159ipky a tis\u00edce mrtv\u00fdch je podle t\u011bchto studi\u00ed krom\u011b mal\u00fdch pol\u00e9tav\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic PM2,5 tak\u00e9 oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd (NO2), kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed v dieselov\u00fdch motorech a tak\u00e9 uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

\"Air
V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch se rou\u0161ky a respir\u00e1tory nosily je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm koronaviru. Lid\u00e9 se jimi chr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm ovzdu\u0161\u00edm. Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto
\u00a9 Greenpeace – Yin Kuang<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

\u201eV\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee dlouhodob\u00e1 expozice t\u00e9to zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f, p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch k \u00famrtnosti zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 koronavirem,\u201c \u0159ekl den\u00edku Guardian autor v\u00fdzkumu<\/a> Yaron Ogen, z Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg v N\u011bmecku. „Otrava na\u0161eho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed znamen\u00e1 otravu v na\u0161ich t\u011blech a kdy\u017e dojde ke chronick\u00e9mu respira\u010dn\u00edmu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jeho schopnost br\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed infekcemi je omezen\u00e1,“ dodal. Ogen si nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u0161imnul, \u017ee P\u00e1dsk\u00e1 n\u00ed\u017eina v It\u00e1lii \u010di Madrid ve \u0160pan\u011blsku jsou obklopen\u00e9 horami, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed koncentrovat zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, podobn\u011b jako provincie Chu-pej v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kde pandemie koronaviru za\u010dala. Podle jeho v\u00fdzkumu se 78 % \u00famrt\u00ed na nemoc Covid-19 vyskytlo v p\u011bti nejv\u00edce zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch regionech It\u00e1lie, \u0160pan\u011blska, Francie a N\u011bmecka.<\/p>\n\n

Ogen z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jeho anal\u00fdza je schopna prok\u00e1zat pouze silnou korelaci, nikoli p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinnou souvislost. „Nyn\u00ed je t\u0159eba prozkoumat, zda p\u0159\u00edtomnost po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho stavu souvis\u00ed s reakc\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na koronavirus,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

K podobn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm v\u0161ak do\u0161la i jin\u00e1, samostatn\u00e1 studie italsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed zkoumali korelaci zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a \u00famrtnosti na Covid-19 v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii. A tak\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed studie<\/a>, kter\u00e1 vznikla na Harvardov\u011b univerzit\u011b v USA, kde u\u017e koronavirus zabil v\u00edce lid\u00ed, ne\u017e v\u00e1lka ve Vietnamu \u201eV\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee dlouhodob\u00e9 vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zvy\u0161uje zranitelnost v\u016f\u010di nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledku Covid-19,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e se v n\u00ed. \u201eZjistili jsme statisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic PM2,5 o 1 g na m3 je spojen s 15% zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm \u00famrtnosti Covid-19.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

Mikroskopick\u00e9 prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice PM2,5 (tedy o pr\u016fm\u011bru men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 2,5 mikrometr\u016f) vznikaj\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00edm fosiln\u00edch paliv, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ropa \u010di hn\u011bd\u00e9 uhl\u00ed. U\u017e v minulosti byl d\u00e1v\u00e1n do souvislosti s p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdmi \u00famrt\u00edmi na infarkt, plicn\u00ed probl\u00e9my a r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy rakoviny.<\/p>\n\n

V\u0161echny tyto studie maj\u00ed jist\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Ogenova studie nap\u0159\u00edklad nebere v potaz v\u011bkov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly pacient\u016f, harvardsk\u00e1 zase nem\u011bla dost dat na to, aby vzala v \u00favahu nedostupnost l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de u n\u011bkter\u00fdch skupin obyvatelstva. Ob\u011b v\u0161ak jednozna\u010dn\u011b prokazuj\u00ed trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed skute\u010dnost \u2013 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1s zab\u00edj\u00ed. Jak\u00e9 si z nich tedy m\u016f\u017eeme vz\u00edt pou\u010den\u00ed? T\u00fdm harvardsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f ve sv\u00e9 studii p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201cV\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy ukazuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost tlaku na regulace zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1jmu ochrany lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed b\u011bhem i po krizi COVID-19.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

Karant\u00e9na a zastaven\u00ed dopravy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vedly k razantn\u00edmu, ale kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Na jeho zdravotn\u00ed d\u016fsledky v\u0161ak podle v\u0161eho nebude m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv, proto\u017ee jsou zp\u016fsobeny dlouhodob\u00fdm vystaven\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9mu vzduchu. Pandemie koronaviru v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala jednu d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u011bc. \u017de st\u00e1t m\u00e1 siln\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jak \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my, jsou-li v s\u00e1zce \u017eivoty jejich obyvatel. Te\u010f jde jen o to, aby statistiky o mrtv\u00fdch v d\u016fsledku zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed z\u00edskaly v o\u010d\u00edch spole\u010dnosti stejnou hodnotu jako statistiky ob\u011bt\u00ed nemoci Covid-19. Rozhodnut\u00ed je na n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n\n

Text vy\u0161el na serveru A2larm.cz.<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u011bdci si v\u0161imnuli, \u017ee na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech sv\u011bta, kde jsou lid\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b vystaveni Podle zpr\u00e1vy o kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zem\u0159e v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":2801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[19,25],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-10391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-ovzdusi","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10391"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15545,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10391\/revisions\/15545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10391"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=10391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}