{"id":11156,"date":"2020-07-27T09:24:12","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T08:24:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=11156"},"modified":"2023-12-05T10:35:59","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T09:35:59","slug":"strasak-jmenem-sucho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/magazin\/11156\/strasak-jmenem-sucho\/","title":{"rendered":"Stra\u0161\u00e1k jm\u00e9nem sucho"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Na\u0161e zem\u011b ch\u0159adne. Pole, na kter\u00fdch p\u011bstujeme potraviny, jsou jak troud, na\u0161e krajina ztr\u00e1c\u00ed vodu, miz\u00ed potoky, ve kter\u00fdch jsme se koupali jako d\u011bti, na\u0161e \u0159eky nemaj\u00ed takovou s\u00edlu, jako m\u00edvaly. Na\u0161\u00edm souputn\u00edkem se v&nbsp;krajin\u011b stalo sucho. Za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed jsme pro\u017eili n\u011bkolik such\u00fdch epizod, \u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci dokonce letos mluv\u00ed o nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm suchu za posledn\u00edch 500 let.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Kdo a co za sucho m\u016f\u017ee? Kter\u00e9 jevy se pod\u00edl\u00ed na jeho vzniku a co m\u016f\u017eeme se suchem d\u011blat my, na\u0161e m\u011bsta nebo p\u0159\u00edmo na\u0161i politici? Na v\u0161echny tyto ot\u00e1zky se budeme sna\u017eit odpov\u011bd\u011bt v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze studie \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, kterou nechala zpracovat Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komora \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky &#8211; \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intersucho.cz\/userfiles\/file\/ZemedelskeSucho.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 sucho v&nbsp;\u010cesk\u00e9 republice&nbsp;\u2013 v\u00fdvoj, dopady a adaptace<\/a>\u201c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-blue-overlay caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/c3041e03-ruben-neugebauer_greenpeace-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je vlastn\u011b sucho<strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli sucho zn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s, je relativn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 jej p\u0159esn\u011b popsat. Jedn\u00e1 se o jev relativn\u011b nahodil\u00fd s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi projevy a dopady. \u010casto jsou dopady sucha velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9, a to i na m\u00edstech, kter\u00e1 nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzd\u00e1len\u00e1. I p\u0159es nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159esnou v\u011bdeckou definici ale m\u00e1me ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159edstavu, co sucho vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u2013 na zahrad\u011b n\u00e1m ch\u0159adnou kv\u011btiny, ve m\u011bst\u011b i v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se zvedaj\u00ed oblaka prachu a p\u016fda je jako troud, lesy chrast\u00ed u\u017e p\u0159i slab\u00e9m v\u011btru a skom\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed vegetace \u00fap\u011bnliv\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 na d\u00e9\u0161\u0165.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b lze sucho popsat jako nedostatek vl\u00e1hy. V\u011bdci rozli\u0161uj\u00ed sucho do \u010dty\u0159 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kategori\u00ed.&nbsp;(Srovnej p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s <a href=\"http:\/\/portal.chmi.cz\/files\/portal\/docs\/meteo\/ok\/SUCHO\/Definice_sucha.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">definic\u00ed sucha \u010cHMI<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Meteorologick\u00e9 sucho<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 m\u00e9n\u011b sr\u00e1\u017eek, ne\u017e je obvykl\u00e9 za ur\u010dit\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (nap\u0159. m\u011bs\u00edc, rok, v\u00edce let)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 sucho<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 nedostatek vl\u00e1hy v p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00fd znemo\u017e\u0148uje optim\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj rostlin<\/li><li><strong>Hydrologick\u00e9 sucho<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 pokles pr\u016ftoku \u0159ek a hladin vodn\u00edch ploch<\/li><li><strong>Socioekonomick\u00e9 sucho<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dostupnosti vody pro ob\u010dany a hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (omezen\u00ed pr\u016fmyslu, lodn\u00ed dopravy a dal\u0161\u00ed).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201eVe m\u011bst\u011b se tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed. Na venkov\u011b sucho.\u201c<\/p><p>Valeriu Butulescu<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sucho v minulosti<strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Celistv\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o po\u010das\u00ed, tedy i o suchu, lze podrobn\u011b dokumentovat (na \u00farovni m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f) na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR za posledn\u00edch 500 let. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee relativn\u011b n\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst dokument\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst obecn\u011b rostouc\u00ed vzd\u011blanosti na za\u010d\u00e1tku renesance, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vyn\u00e1lezu knihtisku. Ze z\u00e1znam\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee sucho se \u010desk\u00fdm zem\u00edm rozhodn\u011b nevyh\u00fdbalo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Dv\u011b velk\u00e1 sucha stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku. Sucho roku 1540 je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za v\u016fbec nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00ed v historii m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, podobn\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 sucho nastalo i v roce 1616. Ob\u011b spojuje stejn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina \u2013&nbsp;nedostatek sr\u00e1\u017eek a p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed tepl\u00e9 a slune\u010dn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed v jarn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, po kter\u00e9m n\u00e1sledovalo hork\u00e9 a such\u00e9 l\u00e9to.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-medium caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/08\/053c5754-0-1024x504.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/08\/053c5754-0-1024x504.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/08\/053c5754-0-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/08\/053c5754-0-768x378.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/08\/053c5754-0-510x251.png 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/08\/053c5754-0.png 1051w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>V\u00fdskyt such\u00fdch rok\u016f v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch od r. 1500 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu (\u010derven\u00e9 krou\u017eky) dopln\u011bn\u00fd kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eek a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch teplot v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Sr\u00e1\u017eky (zelen\u011b) i teploty (\u010derven\u011b) p\u0159ed r. 1854 jsou rekonstruov\u00e1ny na z\u00e1klad\u011b dokument\u00e1rn\u00edch pramen\u016f a jsou vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny jako odchylky od pr\u016fm\u011bru 1961\u20131990. Mod\u0159e jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky resp. teploty vzduchu.<br>\u017dALUD, Zden\u011bk, Miroslav TRNKA a Petr HLAVINKA.&nbsp;<em>Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 sucho v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice &#8211; v\u00fdvoj, dopady a adaptace<\/em>. Praha: Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komora \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, 2019. ISBN 978-80-88351-02-3. str 7. obr. 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Dopady such\u00fdch rok\u016f si v dnes dok\u00e1\u017eeme jen t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstavit. \u0160patn\u00e9 osen\u00ed, nedostatek ovoce, ne\u00faroda obilnin, nedostatek sena a obecn\u00e1 drahota pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nikoho nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed. Ale nedostatek vody vedl i k tomu, \u017ee p\u0159estaly pracovat ml\u00fdny. Sedl\u00e1ci tak museli ml\u00edt v n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek kilometr\u016f vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch m\u00edstech, museli proto tr\u00e1vit i n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f na cest\u00e1ch, co\u017e se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b negativn\u011b prom\u00edtlo do dal\u0161\u00edch poln\u00edch prac\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku. Nedostatek vody vedl i k \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm, je\u0161t\u011b zt\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm t\u00edm, \u017ee prost\u011b nebylo \u010d\u00edm hasit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>V posledn\u00edch 500 letech je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit relativn\u011b dlouhou epizodu bez velk\u00e9ho sucha na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed. \u201e<em>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny nezmi\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b such\u00fd rok v relativn\u011b dlouh\u00e9m intervalu druh\u00e9 poloviny 17. stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zhruba odpov\u00edd\u00e1 obdob\u00ed tzv. Maunedrova minima slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity (1645\u20131715). To bylo jednou z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din relativn\u011b chladn\u00e9ho a vlhk\u00e9ho podneb\u00ed typick\u00e9ho pro jednu z f\u00e1z\u00ed tzv. mal\u00e9 doby ledov\u00e9 v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>A\u017e do poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy sucho za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vysv\u011btlovat v\u011bdci na z\u00e1klad\u011b fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed ve vysv\u011btlen\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 postoje &#8211; \u201ez\u0159eteln\u00e1 pokuta Bo\u017e\u00ed\u201c. I my se m\u00edsto vzty\u010den\u00e9ho prstu bo\u017e\u00edho budeme v\u011bnovat fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m sucha.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-blue-overlay caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920-1024x724.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920-1536x1086.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920-481x340.png 481w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/3d2858ff-teplota-cr_1920.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny sucha pozorujeme<strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokud p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny sucha opravdu zjednodu\u0161\u00edme, m\u016f\u017eeme je popsat jako rovnici o dvou nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u2013 kolik vody se na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 hodnot\u00edme, dostane a kolik vody se z \u00fazem\u00ed ztrat\u00ed. Voda se m\u016f\u017ee na \u00fazem\u00ed dostat bu\u010f formou sr\u00e1\u017eek, co\u017e je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159ek. Ztr\u00e1ta vody je pak definov\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm odtokem, v\u00fdparem a sublimac\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sn\u011bhu. Dlouhodob\u00e1 bilance t\u011bchto protiklad\u016f pak ur\u010d\u00ed, zda bude na dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b sucho, \u010di nikoli. Pozorovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny sucha je ale dobr\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat podrobn\u011bji.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed a nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktorem je klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna. R\u016fst pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky projevuj\u00ed n\u011bkolika fon\u00e9my.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background has-grey-900-color has-grey-200-background-color\"><strong>Roste teplota vzduchu<\/strong>. V zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch ub\u00fdv\u00e1 po\u010det dn\u016f s teplotou pod nulou a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nar\u016fstaj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty vzduchu.&nbsp;V sou\u010dasnosti se vyskytuje 3x v\u00edce letn\u00edch dn\u016f&nbsp; s teplotou nad 25 \u00b0C a tropick\u00fdch dn\u016f s teplotou nad 30 \u00b0C, ne\u017e bylo obvykl\u00e9.&nbsp;Z\u00e1rove\u0148&nbsp;<strong>rostou kumulativn\u00ed sou\u010dty teplot.&nbsp;<\/strong>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud srovn\u00e1me posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolik let s dlouhodob\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem let 1961 a\u017e 2000,&nbsp; jsou roky 2012 a\u017e 2018 (s v\u00fdjimkou roku 2013) teplotn\u011b nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9. R\u016fst teplot koresponduje s&nbsp;<strong>klesaj\u00edc\u00ed obla\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<strong>r\u016fstem<\/strong>&nbsp;mno\u017estv\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu<\/strong>. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teploty je v sou\u010dasnosti vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed o 1,8 \u00b0C, ne\u017e byla v 70. letech. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je i&nbsp;<strong>\u00fabytek dn\u016f se sn\u011bhovou pokr\u00fdvkou.&nbsp;<\/strong>Sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka dok\u00e1\u017ee mnohem l\u00e9pe doplnit vl\u00e1hu v p\u016fdn\u00edm profilu a tak\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed vody ne\u017e de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pozorujeme, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fahrny sr\u00e1\u017eek nevykazuj\u00ed statisticky v\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnu a stagnuj\u00ed. Sr\u00e1\u017eky sice maj\u00ed velkou variabilitu mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi roky, ale dlouhodob\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br je st\u00e1le stejn\u00fd. Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/3499\/jake-bude-klima-v-cr-nadeje-jmenem-rcm-2-6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ze zpr\u00e1vy&nbsp;\u00dastavu v\u00fdzkumu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny<\/a>, v budouc\u00edch letech m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat drobn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek b\u011bhem roku a to b\u011bhem zimy, jara a podzimu. V l\u00e9t\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme naopak o\u010dek\u00e1vat vlny veder,&nbsp; \u201e<em>co\u017e bude m\u00edt nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad\u2026 na v\u00fdskyt sucha<\/em>\u201c.&nbsp;Z\u00e1rove\u0148 plat\u00ed, \u017ee modely pro v\u00fdvoj sr\u00e1\u017eek maj\u00ed mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru nejistoty ne\u017e modely v\u00fdvoje teplot. M\u011bn\u00ed se i rozlo\u017een\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek. Kles\u00e1 po\u010det dn\u016f s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami a zvy\u0161uje se po\u010det dn\u016f s vysok\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdmi \u00fahrny b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho \u00faseku.<\/p>\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji sucha jsou nejen atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, ale i p\u016fda. Pokud je o p\u016fdu dob\u0159e pe\u010dov\u00e1no,&nbsp;dok\u00e1\u017ee pojmout obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody \u2013 kvalitn\u00ed \u010dernozem zadr\u017e\u00ed a\u017e 360 l\/m<sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;\u2013 a jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam v kolob\u011bhu vody je s n\u00e1stupem klimatick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f st\u00e1le z\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.&nbsp;Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u016fdou ale k vyu\u017eit\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd p\u016fda pro hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro prevenci sucha m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201e\u010casto se v\u0161ak zapom\u00edn\u00e1 na fakt, \u017ee p\u016fda by m\u011bla u\u017eivit i na\u0161e potomky a \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 jenom z n\u00ed br\u00e1t, ale je nutn\u00e9 t\u00e9\u017e do n\u00ed investovat a hospoda\u0159it tak s viz\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 udr\u017eitelnosti.\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch faktor\u016f posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj schopnosti p\u016fd pod\u00edlet se na&nbsp; hydrologick\u00e9m cyklu, je n\u011bkolik. Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem jsme zm\u011bnili fragmentaci krajiny ve prosp\u011bch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch p\u016fdn\u00edch celk\u016f \u2013 \u010cR m\u00e1 jedny z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f p\u016fdn\u00edch blok\u016f v&nbsp;EU, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje ochranu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ed vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v sou\u010dasnosti z velk\u00e9 m\u00edry zp\u0159etrh\u00e1na vazba mezi vlastn\u00edkem p\u016fdy a hospod\u00e1\u0159em. V\u00edce jak 74% p\u016fdy je propachtov\u00e1no, tedy nen\u00ed obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1no majitelem pozemku. Omezen\u00edm \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdroby jsme zp\u0159etrhali p\u0159irozen\u00fd kolob\u011bh \u017eivin v p\u016fd\u011b, co\u017e se projevuje i v z\u00e1konit\u00e9m sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plochy v\u00edcelet\u00fdch p\u00edcnin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large  caption-style-blue-overlay caption-alignment-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2020\/07\/2b7d29a8-rafal-wojczal_greenpeace.jpg 2004w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Vliv m\u00e1 i pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky a technologick\u00e9 postupy, kter\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e p\u0159irozen\u00e9 procesy v p\u016fd\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed jejich chemizaci. Sv\u016fj vliv na degradaci p\u016fd maj\u00ed i nov\u011b zastav\u011bn\u00e9 plochy, \u010dasto na velmi kvalitn\u00edch p\u016fd\u00e1ch. Uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem nezvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s vodou je n\u00e1kupn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 z\u00f3na \u010cestlice u Prahy, kde vybetonovan\u00e1 pole, zastaven\u00e1 postupn\u011b a bez smyslupln\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho managementu, dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i p\u0159i nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch ohrozit povod\u0148ovou vlnou povod\u00ed Boti\u010de d\u00e1le po proudu. Reten\u010dn\u00ed vodn\u00ed kapacitu p\u016fdy ohro\u017euj\u00ed i samotn\u00e9 extr\u00e9my po\u010das\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed vodn\u00ed a v\u011btrnou erozi. A nakonec, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem jsou i zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 meliorace, kter\u00e9 jsou ale podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1ny v jin\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/magazin\/11188\/meliorace-prohlubuji-sucho-stat-je-ale-neresi-vyhovuji-totiz-agrokorporacim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010d\u00e1sti magaz\u00ednu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-grey-200-background-color\">Predikce dopad\u016f sucha a klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v \u010cR si m\u016f\u017eete sami proj\u00edt ve \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis najdete v \u010dl\u00e1nku: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/magazin\/11223\/spickove-aplikace-ceskych-vedcu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160pi\u010dkov\u00e9 aplikace \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/magazin\/11223\/spickove-aplikace-ceskych-vedcu\/\"> <\/a><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co \u010dekat v budoucnu<strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>O v\u00fdvoji sucha v \u010desk\u00e9 krajin\u011b mus\u00edme uva\u017eovat jako o vztahu dvou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na sucho vliv: teplota a sr\u00e1\u017eky. Nejistotu budouc\u00edho v\u00fdvoje nav\u00edc zvy\u0161uj\u00ed dv\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e9. Prvn\u00ed je v\u00fdvoj emisn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, tedy jak rychle a efektivn\u011b za\u010dneme sni\u017eovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Druh\u00fdm faktorem je zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v krajin\u011b. Hodnocen\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je relativn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhadnout, u emisn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f je jistota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bdci pracuj\u00ed s n\u011bkolika modely sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 emisn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e.&nbsp;V\u00fdvoj sucha je odrazem v\u00fdvoje teploty. Nen\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd by p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee teplota bude klesat. I pro bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se prvn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (2030) jsou teploty v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Proto, pokud do cel\u00e9 rovnice vlo\u017e\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b stagnuj\u00edc\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky, je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost sucha a such\u00fdch epizod se bude zvy\u0161ovat. Pro hodnocen\u00ed sucha, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 do \u00favahy zahrnout i rozlo\u017een\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek b\u011bhem roku.\u00a0V\u017edy\u0165 rok s nadnorm\u00e1ln\u00edmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami, ve kter\u00e9m se vyskytly povodn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti b\u00fdt rokem se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi dopady sucha. A naopak pokud jsou sr\u00e1\u017eky vhodn\u011b rozlo\u017eeny, nemus\u00ed znamenat podnorm\u00e1ln\u011b sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd rok v\u00fdrazn\u00fd probl\u00e9m v omezen\u00ed produk\u010dn\u00ed funkce krajiny a v\u00fdnos\u016f poln\u00edch plodin.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed sucha je ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b velmi \u201ejednoduch\u00e9\u201c. Sta\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt sni\u017eovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotu, tedy hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu sucha. Omezen\u00ed emis\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd preventivn\u00ed krok. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee i p\u0159es obrovsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed mnoha jedinc\u016f i organizac\u00ed je takov\u00fd \u00fakol obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd, je t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt pracovat na adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed na\u0161e hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed suchu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zm\u00edrn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny sucha. Jak sami auto\u0159i studie p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed,&nbsp;adaptace m\u00e1 svoje hranice a pokud se nepoda\u0159\u00ed udr\u017eet celosv\u011btov\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pod kontrolou, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee se na\u0161i vnuci nebudou schopni adaptovat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ehled adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed na dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v oblasti zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-planet4-blocks-spreadsheet\" data-render=\"planet4-blocks\/spreadsheet\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vRLmKFBJ3uhKoHLyJPG0yRDj9vG6DTBTY2x4MB5Z1u5B5-DDWxuxvztpbVN25Fxi__-mcn1s1E5PLJe\/pubhtml&quot;,&quot;css_variables&quot;:{&quot;spreadsheet-header-background&quot;:&quot;#074365&quot;,&quot;spreadsheet-even-row-background&quot;:&quot;#e7f5fe&quot;,&quot;spreadsheet-odd-row-background&quot;:&quot;#c9e7fa&quot;}},&quot;innerBlocks&quot;:[]}\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>P\u0159evzato: \u017dALUD, Zden\u011bk, Miroslav TRNKA a Petr HLAVINKA.&nbsp;Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 sucho v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice &#8211; v\u00fdvoj, dopady a adaptace. Praha: Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komora \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, 2019. ISBN 978-80-88351-02-3. str. 115, tab. 5<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background has-grey-900-color has-grey-200-background-color\">Celou studii, kde najdete i mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch informac\u00ed  si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst <a href=\"http:\/\/act.gp\/zemedelskesucho\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/greenpeace-magazin\/\">V\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9 si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, co m\u016f\u017eete pro ochranu klimatu ud\u011blat vy sami? P\u0159ipojte se k petici Spolu pro klima, kter\u00e1 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010deskou vl\u00e1du, aby za\u010dala efektivn\u011b a rychle \u0159e\u0161it klimatickou krizi. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-cta\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"www.spoluproklima.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P\u0159ipojit se k petici<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"EmptyMessage\">Block content is empty. Check the block&#8217;s settings or remove it.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kdo a co za sucho m\u016f\u017ee? Kter\u00e9 jevy se pod\u00edl\u00ed na jeho vzniku a co m\u016f\u017eeme se suchem d\u011blat my, na\u0161e m\u011bsta nebo p\u0159\u00edmo na\u0161i politici? Na v\u0161echny tyto ot\u00e1zky&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":11167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[35],"class_list":["post-11156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","p4-page-type-magazin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11156"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19778,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11156\/revisions\/19778"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11156"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=11156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}