{"id":11924,"date":"2020-10-21T10:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T08:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=11924"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:31:12","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:31:12","slug":"bude-rok-2020-znamenat-konec-spalovani-uhli-a-zacatek-ochrany-klimatu-zalezi-to-i-na-nas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/11924\/bude-rok-2020-znamenat-konec-spalovani-uhli-a-zacatek-ochrany-klimatu-zalezi-to-i-na-nas\/","title":{"rendered":"Bude rok 2020 znamenat konec spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed a za\u010d\u00e1tek ochrany klimatu? Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed to i na n\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rok 2020 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159elomov\u00fdm rokem, kter\u00fd kone\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku, kdy p\u0159estaneme pro v\u00fdrobu energie spalovat uhl\u00ed a kdy za\u010dneme \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sni\u017eovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. L\u00edd\u0159i EU za\u010dali p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny debatovat o klimatick\u00e9m z\u00e1konu a klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edlech pro rok 2030. Ty by podle Evropsk\u00e1 komise m\u011bly b\u00fdt nav\u00fd\u0161eny na 55 %, zat\u00edmco Evropsk\u00fd parlament minul\u00fd t\u00fdden hlasoval pro 60% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed oproti roku 1990. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

O kone\u010dn\u00e9 podob\u011b nov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f i cel\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona pak v\u0161echny t\u0159i org\u00e1ny rozhodnou spole\u010dn\u011b v r\u00e1mci tzv. trialogu.V\u00edce ne\u017e 180 organizac\u00ed reprezentuj\u00edc\u00edch ob\u010danskou spole\u010dnost \u0161esti zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy v\u010detn\u011b \u010ceska tak\u00e9 minul\u00fd t\u00fdden sv\u00fdm premi\u00e9r\u016fm odeslalo v\u00fdzvu<\/a>, v n\u00ed\u017e \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed, aby evropsk\u00e9 ambice v ochran\u011b klimatu podpo\u0159ili. A jak to vypad\u00e1 s aktivitou samotn\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f?<\/p>\n\n

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Akce Greenpeace \u017e\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed premi\u00e9ra Andreje Babi\u0161e, aby neblokoval vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 c\u00edle v EU. (c) Greenpeace – Barbora Sommers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Evropa bez uhl\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V roce 2020 ukon\u010dilo v\u00fdrobu energie z uhl\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160v\u00e9dsko a uzav\u0159en\u00ed posledn\u00ed uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny ozn\u00e1milo tak\u00e9 Rakousko. Ji\u017e p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159mi lety skon\u010dila s uhl\u00edm Belgie. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2020 ozn\u00e1milo sv\u016fj odchod od uhl\u00ed do roku 2028 \u0158ecko a vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed ho n\u00e1sledovalo Ma\u010farsko s rokem 2030. Ob\u011b zem\u011b tak potvrdily trochu p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b sv\u016fj z\u00e1jem p\u0159ipravit p\u016fdu pro spravedliv\u00fd p\u0159echod na obnovitelnou energii a pod\u00edlet se v maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e na Evropsk\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 dohod\u011b. Sv\u016fj odchod od uhl\u00ed v roce 2024 ohl\u00e1silo tak\u00e9 sousedn\u00ed Slovensko. S odstaven\u00edm uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti letech i Francie, Portugalsko, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, Irsko a It\u00e1lie. Dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b budou n\u00e1sledovat do konce dek\u00e1dy, aby dost\u00e1ly z\u00e1vazk\u016fm v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Uhl\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed kv\u016fli ekonomick\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji na trhu s energiemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

K je\u0161t\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji do\u0161lo u d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho uheln\u00e9ho giganta \u0160pan\u011blska.To je dnes toti\u017e na dobr\u00e9 cest\u011b st\u00e1t se l\u00eddrem v Evrop\u011b p\u0159i ukon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby energie z uhl\u00ed. A to p\u0159esto, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2018 vyr\u00e1b\u011blo z uhl\u00ed 15 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny. Spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed v\u0161ak vytv\u00e1\u0159elo tak\u00e9 15 % \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch emis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

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Akce Greenpeace na uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b ve \u0160pan\u011blsku. v roce 2018 nyn\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed prorocky. Z\u00e1hy po n\u00ed se \u0160pan\u011blsko za\u010dalo od uhl\u00ed odvracet. (c) Greenpeace – Pablo Blazquez<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Proto ji\u017e p\u0159ed rokem a p\u016fl uzav\u0159elo v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 doly a v sou\u010dasnosti uzav\u00edr\u00e1 tak\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. V kv\u011btnu 2020 se spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed na v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny ve \u0160pan\u011blsku pod\u00edlelo jen 1,4 % a k jeho \u00fapln\u00e9mu ukon\u010den\u00ed dojde z\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b tento rok. <\/p>\n\n

Rychl\u00fd p\u0159esun \u0160pan\u011blska od uhl\u00ed k jin\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm energie (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k sol\u00e1r\u016fm) je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd i proto, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uheln\u00e1 velmoc se nezav\u00e1zala k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu term\u00ednu odchodu od uhl\u00ed, ale byla k n\u011bmu donucena v\u00fdvojem na trhu s energi\u00ed. Na trhu se toti\u017e za\u010dala v\u00fdrazn\u011b vypl\u00e1cet energie vyroben\u00e1 z plynu a obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, proto\u017ee v roce 2019 vystoupala cena emisn\u00ed povolenky za vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tuny oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho nad 25 eur. <\/p>\n\n

Od uhl\u00ed pomalu, ale p\u0159ece odch\u00e1z\u00ed cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. Nov\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny se stav\u011bj\u00ed jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b (a prakticky jen v Asii), velk\u00e9 banky ani investi\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na n\u011b ji\u017e necht\u011bj\u00ed poskytovat finance a poji\u0161\u0165ovny je odm\u00edtaj\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovat<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Evrop\u0161t\u00ed uheln\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Na konci pomysln\u00e9 \u0159ady zem\u00ed odhodlan\u00fdch skon\u010dit se spalov\u00e1n\u00edm uhl\u00ed je Polsko, Bulharsko a N\u011bmecko. N\u011bmecko chce s uhl\u00edm skon\u010dit nejpozd\u011bji do roku 2038. S uheln\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami chce nav\u00edc zav\u00edrat i jadern\u00e9 a pl\u00e1nuje z\u00edsk\u00e1vat v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 procent elektrick\u00e9 energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. U\u017e dnes ov\u0161em jak n\u011bmeck\u00fd ministr hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, tak n\u011bkter\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 firmy jako RWE mluv\u00ed o tom, \u017ee se d\u00e1 od uhl\u00ed v N\u011bmecku odej\u00edt d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n

Bulharsko sice navy\u0161uje svoje kapacity na v\u00fdrobu energie z v\u011btru a slunce, jeho energetick\u00e1 strategie vydan\u00e1 tento rok v\u0161ak st\u00e1le p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1tem vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny z\u016fstanou aktivn\u00ed i po roce 2030.<\/p>\n\n

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Akce proti dolu Tur\u00f3w na Trojmez\u00ed u Hr\u00e1dku nad Nisou. (c) Greenpeace – Ibra Ibrahimovi\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Zem\u00ed nejv\u00edce z\u00e1vislou na uhl\u00ed je v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b Polsko, v jeho\u017e energetick\u00e9m mixu vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a\u017e 80 procent energie. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze polsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 strategie by se m\u011bl pod\u00edl uhl\u00ed v roce 2030 sn\u00ed\u017eit na 37 a\u017e 56 procent a v roce 2040 na 11 a\u017e 28 procent. Ukon\u010dit t\u011b\u017ebu a spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed chce a\u017e v roce 2049 a to i za cenu toho, \u017ee bude muset uheln\u00fd pr\u016fmysl dotovat. Polsk\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na uhl\u00ed je p\u0159itom celoevropsk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 i sousedn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, jak ukazuje nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdvoj okolo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby na dole Tur\u00f3w. M\u00edstn\u00ed d\u016fl se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice a m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed dopady na obyvatele \u010ceska i N\u011bmecka. U\u017e nyn\u00ed krade vodu ze studn\u00ed i z krajiny tis\u00edcovk\u00e1m lid\u00ed na Liberecku.<\/p>\n\n

A co \u010cesko?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Do skupiny uheln\u00fdch h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed bohu\u017eel i \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. I kdy\u017e letos zased\u00e1n\u00ed Uheln\u00e9 komise slavnostn\u011b zav\u0159elo elektr\u00e1rnu Prun\u00e9\u0159ov I, dal\u0161\u00edch jeden\u00e1ct velk\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren je st\u00e1le v provozu. Nad\u00e1le tak\u00e9 prob\u00edh\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba na dolech na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b \u010cech, kter\u00e1 devastuje okoln\u00ed krajinu.<\/p>\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatelem mezi \u010desk\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami jsou Po\u010derady, kter\u00e9 jejich sou\u010dasn\u00fd vlastn\u00edk \u010cEZ m\u00edsto uzav\u0159en\u00ed prod\u00e1v\u00e1 uhlobaronovi Pavlu Tyka\u010dovi. Ten Po\u010derady p\u0159ebere v roce 2024 a podle toho, jak spravuje elektr\u00e1rnu Chvaletice se d\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee bude cht\u00edt p\u00e1lit uhl\u00ed i zde co nejd\u00e9le, ani\u017e by investoval do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a do zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho se z\u0159ejm\u011b bude sna\u017eit op\u011bt urvat v\u00fdjimky na vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed emis\u00ed oxidu dus\u00edku<\/a>, ale tak\u00e9 jedovat\u00e9 rtuti<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

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Akce Greenpeace v dole Vr\u0161any po\u017eadovala rychl\u00fd konec doby uheln\u00e9. (c) Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

A\u010dkoli se premi\u00e9r \u010cR Andrej Babi\u0161 opakovan\u011b p\u0159ihl\u00e1sil k evropsk\u00fdm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm na dosa\u017een\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 neutrality, podle pl\u00e1n\u016f jeho ministra pr\u016fmyslu Havl\u00ed\u010dka to tak nevypad\u00e1. Ministerstvo pr\u016fmyslu prosazuje v Uheln\u00e9 komisi ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdroby energie z uhl\u00ed a\u017e v roce 2038, co\u017e je z hlediska ochrany klimatu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b. My po\u017eadujeme, aby \u010desk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny skon\u010dily v roce 2030, nejzaz\u0161\u00edm kompromisem je pro n\u00e1s rok 2033.<\/p>\n\n

Rychl\u00fd odchod od uhl\u00ed do roku 2033 je p\u0159itom kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd i pro spln\u011bn\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Zat\u00edm p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e \u010cEPS ov\u0161em po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ed rokem 2029 nedojde k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu odstavov\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch a \u0161pinav\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n\n

Odchod od uhl\u00ed by podle \u010dervencov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu BIC Brno ve spolupr\u00e1ci se Svazem modern\u00ed energetiky tak\u00e9 uv\u00edtalo 86 % \u010cech\u016f. Andreje Babi\u0161e vyzvalo k podpo\u0159e evropsk\u00fdch ambic\u00ed v ochran\u011b klimatu tak\u00e9 petice podepsan\u00e1 65 tis\u00edci \u010desk\u00fdmi ob\u010dany.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u010cesk\u00fd premi\u00e9r se sice nakonec rozhodl vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 ambice Evropsk\u00e9 unie jako celku podpo\u0159it, ov\u0161em jen za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee se bude jednat o c\u00edl z\u00e1vazn\u00fd pro celou Evropskou unii a ne pro ka\u017edou zemi zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Chce tak b\u00fdt v klimatick\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdm pasa\u017e\u00e9rem, kter\u00fd by se vezl na vln\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed v jin\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Ani 55% c\u00edl pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed p\u0159itom nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd. Aby Evropa p\u0159ijala sv\u016fj d\u00edl zodpov\u011bdnosti za sv\u011btov\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a opravdu ud\u011blala v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro zastaven\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplen\u00ed, m\u011bla by nav\u00fd\u0161it c\u00edl sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed do roku 2030 na 60 a\u017e 65 %. A to bez tzv. offset\u016f – tedy odpustk\u016f, kter\u00e9 si bohat\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mohou kupovat, kdy\u017e emise sni\u017euj\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

V tlaku na \u010desk\u00e9 politiky je tak t\u0159eba pokra\u010dovat a dokonce ho zesilovat, aby se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v r\u00e1mci Evropy zm\u011bnila z absolutn\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho \u201cmimon\u011b\u201d v seri\u00f3zn\u00edho partnera a zapojila se plnohodnotn\u011b do debaty o budoucnosti evropsk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 politiky.<\/p>\n

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Rok 2020 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159elomov\u00fdm rokem, kter\u00fd kone\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku, kdy p\u0159estaneme pro v\u00fdrobu energie spalovat uhl\u00ed a kdy za\u010dneme \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sni\u017eovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. L\u00edd\u0159i EU za\u010dali p\u0159ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":11312,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20,25,34],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-11924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-uhelnakomise","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11924"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15480,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11924\/revisions\/15480"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11924"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=11924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}