{"id":12766,"date":"2021-01-22T10:04:31","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T09:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=12766"},"modified":"2025-07-02T08:13:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T07:13:30","slug":"za-destrukci-pralesu-muze-geneticky-modifikovany-maradona-i-nas-jidelnicek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/12766\/za-destrukci-pralesu-muze-geneticky-modifikovany-maradona-i-nas-jidelnicek\/","title":{"rendered":"Za destrukci prales\u016f m\u016f\u017ee geneticky modifikovan\u00fd Maradona i n\u00e1\u0161 j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem pro k\u00e1cen\u00ed prales\u016f v Amazonii je v tuto chv\u00edli \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba. Na uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 plo\u0161e bu\u010f vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo pastviny, na nich\u017e se chov\u00e1 dobytek, nebo jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako plant\u00e1\u017ee s\u00f3ji, kterou se hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata vykrmuj\u00ed. Jak maso, tak s\u00f3ja se odsud vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Dovoz masa z Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky do \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky nen\u00ed tak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, ov\u0161em dovoz s\u00f3ji je obrovsk\u00fd<\/a>. V cel\u00e9 EU to bylo za rok 2019 16,87 milionu tun sojov\u00e9 mou\u010dky (46,3 % z Braz\u00edlie)  a 15 milion\u016f tun sojov\u00fdch bob\u016f (41,7 % z Braz\u00edlie). A touto s\u00f3jou se krm\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata ve velkochovech v cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unii a je tak v tomto ohledu jedno, jestli vyprodukujeme hov\u011bz\u00ed maso \u010desk\u00e9, nebo je dovezeme z Polska, Nizozemska nebo N\u011bmecka. V \u010cesku se spot\u0159eba s\u00f3ji odhaduje na 300 tis\u00edc tun a drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina je pou\u017eita jako krmivo.<\/p>\n\n

Greenpeace se u\u017e dlouho sna\u017e\u00ed, aby se do EU p\u0159estaly dov\u00e1\u017eet v\u0161echny produkty, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny s odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm prales\u016f, a to nejen v Amazonii, ale i ve v\u0161ech dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edprava evropsk\u00e9 legislativy, kter\u00e1 by zamezila dovozu problematick\u00fdch komodit, za jejich\u017e produkc\u00ed je odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, ni\u010den\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu \u010di poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, je ji\u017e v procesu. Je to mimochodem jeden z bodu \u010dasto debatovan\u00e9 Zelen\u00e9 dohody pro EU. <\/p>\n\n

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Na m\u00edst\u011b prales\u016f vznikaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 farmy. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

A pro\u010d velkochovatel\u00e9 dobytka a dal\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at krmnou s\u00f3ju tolik cht\u011bj\u00ed? Proto\u017ee pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba pot\u0159ebuje hodn\u011b, ale opravdu hodn\u011b krmiva. N\u00e1r\u016fst popt\u00e1vky po s\u00f3je jako po levn\u00e9m krmivu p\u0159i\u0161el v okam\u017eiku, kdy se za\u010dalo omezovat krmen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dkou, tedy zpracovan\u00fdmi kafilern\u00edmi zbytky zv\u00ed\u0159at. Masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dka je toti\u017e pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jeden z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tzv. bovinn\u00ed spongiformn\u00ed encefalopatie, tedy nemoci \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav. V Evrop\u011b, ale i jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zely z\u00e1kazy krmen\u00ed mou\u010dkou v 90. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a zp\u016fsobily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Braz\u00edlii boom k\u00e1cen\u00ed a vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed prales\u016f, kter\u00fd se zde poda\u0159ilo zkrotit po roce 2006 zaveden\u00edm sojov\u00e9ho moratoria, ale kter\u00fd po n\u00e1stupu prezidenta Jaira Bolsonara k moci op\u011bt propuk\u00e1 neb\u00fdvalou silou<\/a>. \u017divo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba je tak v sou\u010dasnosti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou ni\u010den\u00ed tropick\u00fdch prales\u016f – podle zpr\u00e1vy IPCC<\/a> m\u016f\u017ee chov hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at za 80 % jejich odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

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S\u00f3jov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee se zakusuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do prales\u016f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Vin\u00edkem odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed Amazonie ov\u0161em rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed s\u00f3ja (nebo tofu), kter\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Evropsk\u00e9 unii. S\u00f3ja, kter\u00e1 roste na m\u00edst\u011b vyk\u00e1cen\u00fdch prales\u016f, je toti\u017e geneticky modifikovan\u00e1 a firmy vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed j\u00eddlo pro evropsk\u00fd trh, ji kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pravidl\u016fm \u010di kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed preferenci nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b zkontrolovat si to m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m. Pokud by produkt obsahoval GMO, musel by to m\u00edt podle pravidel platn\u00fdch v EU uveden\u00e9 na obalu. A nap\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00fd produkt Impossible Burger, kter\u00fd obsahuje geneticky upravenou s\u00f3ju, se v EU v sou\u010dasnosti nesm\u00ed prod\u00e1vat v\u016fbec a \u0159et\u011bzec Burger King kv\u016fli tomu navazuje spolupr\u00e1ci s evropskou firmou. <\/a><\/p>\n\n

Prakticky v\u0161echna s\u00f3ja z n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edch prales\u016f, kter\u00e1 se dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed do Evropy, je tedy krmn\u00e1. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jde o sojov\u00e9 boby firmy Monsanto s n\u00e1zvem RoundUp Ready odoln\u00e9 proti stejnojmenn\u00e9mu chemick\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpravku t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd obsahuje kontroverzn\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rakovinotvorn\u00fd herbicid glyfos\u00e1t. V Braz\u00edlii se tomuto druhu s\u00f3ji tak\u00e9 p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 Maradona<\/a>, proto\u017ee jeho semena byla nejd\u0159\u00edve ileg\u00e1ln\u011b pa\u0161ov\u00e1na z Argentiny. Podobn\u011b jako slavn\u00fd fotbalista vydr\u017e\u00ed tato s\u00f3ja p\u016fsoben\u00ed chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a i po jejich aplikaci se m\u00e1 \u010dile k sv\u011btu. <\/p>\n\n

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S\u00f3jov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem pro odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se na nich v obrovsk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed chemik\u00e1lie, nap\u0159\u00edklad tot\u00e1ln\u00ed herbicid RoundUp.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 destrukce vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mu bohat\u00fdch na biodiverzitu, m\u00e1 k\u00e1cen\u00ed a vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed prales\u016f destruktivn\u00ed vliv na klima. P\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1rech a p\u0159i p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b prales\u016f na plant\u00e1\u017ee se uvol\u0148uje do atmosf\u00e9ry uhl\u00edk, jeho\u017e jsou pralesy obrovskou z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou. Velk\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm metanu – m\u00e1 i samotn\u00e1 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba. Pokud se na sou\u010dasn\u00fdch trendech nic nezm\u011bn\u00ed, bude zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za 52 procent celosv\u011btov\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, cel\u00fdch 70 procent z nich p\u0159itom p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\n<\/lite-youtube>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n

V\u0161echny pl\u00e1ny na dekarbonizaci spole\u010dnosti se tak mus\u00ed zab\u00fdvat i \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobou, a to u\u017e z podstaty v\u011bci, proto\u017ee dekarbonizace se t\u00fdk\u00e1 uhl\u00edku, a ten je obsa\u017een jak v oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9m, tak v metanu. Greenpeace pl\u00e1n na omezen\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f z \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdroby m\u00e1 a je zalo\u017een na v\u011bdeck\u00e9m pozn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>. Abychom omezili negativn\u00ed dopady \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdroby na \u00fanosnou mez, je pot\u0159eba do roku 2050 omezit sou\u010dasnou \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu na polovinu. Nejde o to st\u00e1t se v\u0161ichni a okam\u017eit\u011b vegany, ale zbavit se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 nadspot\u0159eby, nep\u0159ej\u00eddat se masem a zamezit zbyte\u010dn\u00e9mu pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed. Celosv\u011btov\u00fd apetit po mase je prost\u011b nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd. Od roku 1970 se populace zv\u00ed\u0159at chovan\u00fdch na maso, ml\u00e9ko a vejce ztrojn\u00e1sobila a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba potravin nyn\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159es 26 procent povrchu Zem\u011b, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed krmiv. <\/p>\n\n

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Kr\u00e1vy chovan\u00e9 v brazilsk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Mato Grosso. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Omezen\u00ed spot\u0159eby \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch produkt\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl i ze zdravotn\u00edho hlediska. P\u0159ehnan\u00e1 konzumace masa (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm toho \u010derven\u00e9ho) vede podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f k rakovin\u011b, srde\u010dn\u00edm chorob\u00e1m, obezit\u011b a cukrovce. Miliardy lid\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a miliony lid\u00ed mohou \u017e\u00edt d\u00e9le, pokud se nebudou masem tolik cp\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n

\u017divo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba s sebou nav\u00edc p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed rizika, kv\u016fli nim\u017e bychom ji m\u011bli omezovat. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fsledk\u016f pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho velkochovu zv\u00ed\u0159at je antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistence \u2013 stav, kdy viry a bakterie z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di antibiotik\u016fm a antivirotik\u016fm. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace ozna\u010dila tento trend jako \u201cglob\u00e1ln\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed<\/a>\u201c. Masn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky jsou tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm nosi\u010dem nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch patogen\u016f, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed otravy j\u00eddlem nebo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed, mimochodem v\u010detn\u011b nov\u00e9ho typu koronaviru, kv\u016fli n\u011bmu\u017e jsme te\u010f v\u0161ichni zav\u0159en\u00ed doma uprost\u0159ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pandemie.<\/p>\n\n

Ps\u00e1no pro Info.cz<\/em><\/p>\n

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Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem pro k\u00e1cen\u00ed prales\u016f v Amazonii je v tuto chv\u00edli \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba. Na uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 plo\u0161e bu\u010f vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo pastviny, na nich\u017e se chov\u00e1 dobytek, nebo jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako plant\u00e1\u017ee…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":12767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-12766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12766"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22337,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12766\/revisions\/22337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12766"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=12766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}