{"id":12840,"date":"2021-03-25T09:47:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T08:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=12840"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:30:49","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:30:49","slug":"morske-rezervace-jsou-nejlepsi-sanci-pro-nase-oceany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/12840\/morske-rezervace-jsou-nejlepsi-sanci-pro-nase-oceany\/","title":{"rendered":"Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 rezervace jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0161anc\u00ed pro na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Oce\u00e1n\u016fm vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za mnoh\u00e9. Pohlcuj\u00ed a\u017e t\u0159etinu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry, absorbuj\u00ed 90 % p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla, produkuj\u00ed polovinu kysl\u00edku na planet\u011b a jsou zdrojem ob\u017eivy pro miliardy lid\u00ed. P\u0159esto je lidstvo dohnalo na pokraj katastrofy, a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nekontrolovan\u00e9ho drancov\u00e1n\u00ed ryb, rizikov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby ropy \u010di nerost\u016f, nebo skrze postupuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu, kter\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny otepluj\u00ed a okyseluj\u00ed. Je \u010das to oce\u00e1n\u016fm vr\u00e1tit. Nikdy v historii nebyl sv\u011bt bl\u00ed\u017ee dohod\u011b o ochran\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed na voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch ne\u017e letos. Jak to v\u0161e dopadne a zda se poda\u0159\u00ed prosadit vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed na 30 % plochy oce\u00e1n\u016f do roku 2030, m\u016f\u017eete ovlivnit i vy.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n

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Voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e neboli \u201chigh seas\u201d se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed za hranicemi \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pod kontrolou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161em obyvatel\u016fm planety, tedy i \u010cech\u016fm. I my tak budeme spolurozhodovat o tom, zda se je poda\u0159\u00ed zachr\u00e1nit.   <\/p>\n\n

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P\u0159idejte se ke kampani za z\u00e1chranu oce\u00e1n\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Pro\u010d jsou voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1? Pro mnoh\u00e9 jsou voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e jen obrovsk\u00e1, pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 modr\u00e1 plocha, kterou vid\u00ed z ok\u00e9nka letadla, a na n\u00ed\u017e se jako te\u010dky m\u00edhaj\u00ed kontejnerov\u00e9 lodi. Jednotv\u00e1rnost nekone\u010dn\u00e9 modr\u00e9 hladiny kontrastuje s bohat\u00fdm a fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm \u017eivotem pod n\u00ed. Podmo\u0159sk\u00fd sv\u011bt se hrav\u011b vyrovn\u00e1 bohatosti \u017eivota suchozemsk\u00e9ho a mnohdy ji i p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Ve sluncem zalit\u00fdch horn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed existuj\u00ed m\u00edsta, kter\u00e1 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na nich klima na\u0161\u00ed planety. <\/p>\n\n

V m\u00edst\u011b, kde na sebe nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 fronty \u010di doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tzv. \u201cupwellingu\u201d neboli vzestupn\u00e9mu proud\u011bn\u00ed, jsou vyn\u00e1\u0161eny \u017eiviny k hladin\u011b, kde d\u00edky nim doch\u00e1z\u00ed doslova k explozivn\u00edmu r\u016fstu planktonu, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce v oce\u00e1nech. <\/p>\n\n

Jsou to ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edsta pro rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a krmen\u00ed, a proto velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f doslova ko\u010duje oce\u00e1nem, aby si na podobn\u00fdch m\u00edstech ud\u011blalo zast\u00e1vku. Tu\u0148\u00e1ci, velryby, me\u010douni, plachetn\u00edci, \u017eelvy, \u017eraloci, tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci \u010di albatrosi. Ti v\u0161ichni zde hoduj\u00ed. A nejsou sami, ka\u017edou noc pod rou\u0161kou tmy,  ze stametrov\u00fdch hlubin pluje sm\u011brem k hladin\u011b nep\u0159ebern\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed prapodivn\u00fdch tvor\u016f, mezi kter\u00fdmi nechyb\u00ed sv\u011bt\u00e9lkuj\u00edc\u00ed med\u00fazy, stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 vamp\u00fdrovky nebo sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed lampovn\u00edci. Ti v\u0161ichni jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed migruj\u00edc\u00ed masy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kter\u00e1 ka\u017edou noc podnik\u00e1 v\u00fdpravu za planktonem a dal\u0161\u00ed potravou z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch hlubin, do kter\u00fdch se za \u00fasvitu vrac\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

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\u00a0Asi 90 % v\u0161ech ryb \u017eije v t\u011bchto ztemn\u011bl\u00fdch oblastech. Jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00ed putov\u00e1n\u00ed – krmen\u00ed na povrchu, vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed do mo\u0159sk\u00fdch hlubin hluboko dol\u016f – p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k fenom\u00e9nu zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu jako biologick\u00e1 pumpa. Pokud by nefungovala, koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f by byla o 50 % v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a na\u0161e planeta daleko teplej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

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P\u0159idejte se ke kampani za z\u00e1chranu oce\u00e1n\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Jin\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a klidn\u00fd r\u016fst mlad\u00fdch jedinc\u016f. A tentokr\u00e1t net\u0159eba jmenovat jen exotick\u00e9 a v \u010cesku nevid\u011bn\u00e9 druhy. \u00daho\u0159e \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho proslavil nejen Ota Pavel, ale i jeho strastipln\u00e1 cesta za rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm do Sargasov\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.  <\/p>\n\n

Je to mo\u0159e bez b\u0159eh\u016f uprost\u0159ed Atlantiku. Jm\u00e9no mu daly \u0159asy rodu Sargassum (S. natans a S. fluitans), kter\u00e9 jsou pro Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e typick\u00e9. Od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch \u0159as se li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se mno\u017e\u00ed pouze vegetativn\u011b (d\u011blen\u00edm) a nikdy nerostou p\u0159ichycen\u00e9 na dn\u011b. Plovouc\u00ed ostr\u016fvky \u0159as jsou domovem cel\u00e9 \u0159ady \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed jako rozedranec sargasov\u00fd nebo sargasov\u00fd krab ne\u017eij\u00ed nikde jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b. <\/p>\n\n

Obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f sem p\u0159iplouv\u00e1 za potravou nebo si tu d\u00e1v\u00e1 dostaven\u00ed\u010dko k p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u010detn\u011b komer\u010dn\u011b cenn\u00fdch ryb, jako jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy tu\u0148\u00e1k\u016f (i nadm\u011brn\u00fdm lovem ohro\u017een\u00fd tu\u0148\u00e1k obecn\u00fd – Thunnus thynnus), kranas\u016f \u010di plachetn\u00edk\u016f a marlin\u016f. Sargasov\u00fdm mo\u0159em tak\u00e9 vedou migra\u010dn\u00ed cesty velryb keporkak\u016f a n\u011bkolika druh\u016f mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eelv.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Hou\u0161tiny \u0159as jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm bohat\u00fdm na potravu i pro spoustu ml\u00e1\u010fat. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u011b pro ml\u00e1\u010fata mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eelv, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm karety obrovsk\u00e9 a karety prav\u00e9. A je to i jedin\u00e9 m\u00edsto na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se vyt\u00edr\u00e1 i n\u00e1\u0161 kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd druh \u00faho\u0159\u016f \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch. Pokud m\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a p\u0159ekon\u00e1 v\u0161echny n\u00e1strahy \u010desk\u00fdch \u0159ek, v\u010detn\u011b smrt\u00edc\u00edch turb\u00edn vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren, dopluje v dosp\u011blosti a\u017e sem. Cesta mu trv\u00e1 rok a p\u016fl, v Sargasov\u00e9m  mo\u0159i se vyt\u0159e a zahyne. Zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 ale po sob\u011b statis\u00edce potomk\u016f, kter\u00e9 proudy pomalu odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zp\u00e1tky k \u0159ek\u00e1m, v nich\u017e \u017eili jeho rodi\u010de. <\/p>\n\n

Od Antarktidy po Arktidu, od Pacifiku k z\u00e1padn\u00edm vod\u00e1m Atlantiku jsou tis\u00edce m\u00edst zasluhuj\u00edc\u00edch ochranu a maj\u00edc\u00edch pro lidstvo hodnotu, kter\u00e1 se ned\u00e1 ni\u010d\u00edm vyv\u00e1\u017eit. Voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e nepat\u0159\u00ed nikomu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161em. Dohodnout se na pravidlech ochrany je slo\u017eit\u00e9, je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zaru\u010dit jejich dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto ji\u017e v roce 2006 Greenpeace navrhlo z\u0159\u00eddit syst\u00e9m rezervac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ochr\u00e1n\u00ed ty nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed. N\u00e1vrh Greenpeace si vzali za sv\u00e9 mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed biologov\u00e9 a v\u011bdci, a\u017e se nakonec dostal na p\u016fdu OSN. Rok 2021 bude t\u00edm rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm, kdy skoro v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta rozhodnou o tzv. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

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P\u0159idejte se ke kampani za z\u00e1chranu oce\u00e1n\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

V\u011bda hovo\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b, mus\u00edme ochr\u00e1nit alespo\u0148 t\u0159etinu sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f, aby se mohly zotavit a zajistit z\u00e1zem\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. Poprv\u00e9 v lidsk\u00e9 historii doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke krok\u016fm, kter\u00e9 toho snad doc\u00edl\u00ed. Do konce srpna tohoto roku pl\u00e1nuje OSN dokon\u010dit vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00famluvy o oce\u00e1nech, v r\u00e1mci n\u00ed\u017e by po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b mohla u\u017e do roku 2030 vzniknout rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed alespo\u0148 30 % jejich rozlohy. V t\u011bchto bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch rezervac\u00edch by nesm\u011bla prob\u00edhat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ni\u010div\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost, a tak by oce\u00e1ny dostaly mo\u017enost zregenerovat se a op\u011bt o\u017e\u00edt. Bez zdrav\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f nebude na\u0161e planeta zdrav\u00e1. Bez oce\u00e1n\u016f pln\u00fdch \u017eivota nem\u00e1me \u0161anci zastavit zm\u011bny klimatu. Pomozte oce\u00e1n\u016fm, pom\u016f\u017eete i sob\u011b!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZachra\u0148me oce\u00e1ny!\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Je \u010das vybudovat oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 rezervace a d\u00e1t nad\u011bji na\u0161im oce\u00e1n\u016fm a \u017eivotu v nich. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oce\u00e1n\u016fm vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za mnoh\u00e9. Pohlcuj\u00ed a\u017e t\u0159etinu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry, absorbuj\u00ed 90 % p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla, produkuj\u00ed polovinu kysl\u00edku na planet\u011b a jsou zdrojem ob\u017eivy pro miliardy lid\u00ed. P\u0159esto je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":12845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[18,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-12840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-oceany","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12840"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15423,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12840\/revisions\/15423"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12840"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=12840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}