{"id":13683,"date":"2021-05-05T13:40:25","date_gmt":"2021-05-05T12:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=13683"},"modified":"2021-05-05T13:44:26","modified_gmt":"2021-05-05T12:44:26","slug":"rozkryvame-greenwashing-dil-2-tezba-uhli-v-turowe-do-roku-2044-je-v-rozporu-se-zelenou-dohodou-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/13683\/rozkryvame-greenwashing-dil-2-tezba-uhli-v-turowe-do-roku-2044-je-v-rozporu-se-zelenou-dohodou-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozkr\u00fdv\u00e1me greenwashing, d\u00edl 2: T\u011b\u017eba uhl\u00ed v Tur\u00f3w\u011b do roku 2044 je v rozporu se Zelenou dohodou EU"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Uheln\u00e1 firma PGE provozuj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00fd hn\u011bdouheln\u00fd d\u016fl Tur\u00f3w na \u010desko-n\u011bmecko-polsk\u00fdch hranic\u00edch dlouh\u00e9 roky spole\u010dn\u011b s polsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady ignorovala \u010ceskou republiku, jej\u00ed ob\u010dany a n\u00e1mitky v\u016f\u010di pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby, kter\u00e1 prokazateln\u011b odv\u00e1d\u00ed vodu z \u00fazem\u00ed Liberecka<\/a>. Probrala se k aktivit\u011b a\u017e v okam\u017eiku, kdy \u010desk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da po dlouh\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, kdy nar\u00e1\u017eela jen na aroganci moci a neschopnost dialogu<\/a>, podala proti Polsku \u017ealobu k Soudn\u00edmu dvoru EU<\/a>. \u017daloba se dom\u00e1h\u00e1 zastaven\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby, kter\u00e1 je nejen podle n\u00e1s, ale i podle \u010desk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a Evropsk\u00e9 komise ileg\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a>. Kdy\u017e se uheln\u00e9 firm\u011b PGE v minul\u00fdch nepoda\u0159ilo do \u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed dostat sv\u00e9 argumenty obhajuj\u00edc\u00ed v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed neobhajitelnou t\u011b\u017ebu, tak si alespo\u0148 koupila reklamu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u010cechy o nutnosti dal\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby<\/a> a minim\u00e1ln\u011b v Praze si k n\u00ed nakoupila i billboardy. Pohodln\u011b se usa\u010fte, dnes to bude st\u00e1t za to. V\u00edtejte u dal\u0161\u00edho d\u00edlu na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu Rozkr\u00fdv\u00e1me greenwashing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

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P\u0159i greenwashingu hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u00fahlu pohledu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Argumentace PGE je z \u010desk\u00e9ho pohledu pom\u011brn\u011b bizarn\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se c\u00edlit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na evropsk\u00fd rozm\u011br cel\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho konfliktu. Je proto pot\u0159eba si na za\u010d\u00e1tek alespo\u0148 v kr\u00e1tkosti ujasnit \u010di p\u0159ipomenout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed term\u00edny, kter\u00e9 jsou na \u00farovni EU velmi diskutov\u00e1ny, ale v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt nejasn\u00e9 \u010di nedostate\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9. Prvn\u00edm takov\u00fdm term\u00ednem je Zelen\u00e1 dohoda pro Evropskou unii<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 se o pror\u016fstovou strategii, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl transformovat EU sm\u011brem k f\u00e9rov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, konkurenceschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u00edce prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomice. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm faktorem celoevropsk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f je dos\u00e1hnut\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 neutrality do roku 2050, tedy z\u00e1sadn\u00edho p\u0159edpokladu pro spln\u011bn\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody a zastaven\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplen\u00ed na 1,5 \u00b0C. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f v oblasti klimatu je pak podle Zelen\u00e9 dohody dekarbonizace energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Krom\u011b toho ov\u0161em Zelen\u00e1 dohoda pro EU \u0159e\u0161\u00ed i zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesnictv\u00ed, dopravu, kvalitu v\u00fdrobk\u016f, rozvoj m\u011bst, dovoz v\u00fdrobk\u016f ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed a spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Druh\u00fdm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm term\u00ednem, o kter\u00e9m je v \u010desk\u00e9 populaci jen miziv\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed, je just transition<\/strong>, tedy spravedliv\u00e1 transformace. <\/strong>Podle pr\u016fzkumu, kter\u00fd pro Greenpeace ud\u011blala agentura Kantar, jen 3 % lid\u00ed v \u010cR v\u011bd\u00ed, co je spravedliv\u00e1 transformace<\/a>. Tento koncept vznikl v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch a p\u0159i\u0161ly s n\u00edm odbory energetick\u00fdch firem, kter\u00e9 p\u0159iznaly, \u017ee je t\u0159eba utlumovat fosiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl devastuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a klima, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je nutn\u00e9 pom\u00e1hat pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ijdou v souvislosti s \u00fatlumem fosiln\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu o pr\u00e1ci, a region\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou na fosiln\u00edch firm\u00e1ch z\u00e1visl\u00e9. Tuto vizi p\u0159ijala i ekologick\u00e1 hnut\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b Greenpeace a r\u016fzn\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 instituce a st\u00e1ty, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem spravedliv\u00e9 transformace je participace<\/a>, tedy zapojen\u00ed lid\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve\u0159ejnosti v dot\u010den\u00fdch regionech a zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a zam\u011bstnanky\u0148 dot\u010den\u00fdch firem. Na spravedlivou transformaci vy\u010dlenila Evropsk\u00e1 unie pro \u010desk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 regiony – Karlovarsk\u00fd, \u00dasteck\u00fd a Moravskoslezsk\u00fd kraj – p\u0159es \u010dty\u0159i des\u00edtky miliard korun. Polsko si m\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edt v p\u0159epo\u010dtu dokonce na 90 miliard korun na transformaci sv\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch region\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Polsk\u00fd energetick\u00fd gigant PGE, kter\u00fd krom\u011b komplexu uheln\u00e9ho dolu a elektr\u00e1rny v Tur\u00f3w\u011b provozuje \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch dol\u016f a elektr\u00e1ren, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu proveden\u00ed Zelen\u00e9 dohody pro EU je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u201czaujmout odpov\u011bdn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k transformaci energetiky\u201d a p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet \u201ck mo\u017en\u00e9mu tempu uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed spravedliv\u00e9 transformace do \u017eivota\u201d. A \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 \u017ealoba na Polsko nad\u0159azuje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed (rozum\u011bj \u010desk\u00e9) z\u00e1jmy nad spole\u010dnou vizi Zelen\u00e9 dohody pro Evropu a ma\u0159\u00ed \u201c\u00fasil\u00ed, jak\u00e9 Polsko vyv\u00edj\u00ed k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, aby Zelenou dohodu p\u0159ijala a aktivn\u011b se pod\u00edlela na jej\u00ed realizaci\u201d. Implicitn\u011b tak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee je pro dobro Zelen\u00e9 dohody pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, aby d\u016fl Tur\u00f3w z\u016fstal v provozu i nad\u00e1le a aby \u010desk\u00e1 strana od sv\u00fdch snah na jeho omezen\u00ed ustoupila.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Firma PGE ov\u0161em chce t\u011b\u017eit v dole Tur\u00f3w a\u017e do roku 2044 a na tento rok tak\u00e9 z\u00edskala od \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f povolen\u00ed<\/a>. V\u00fdmluvn\u00e9 je, \u017ee webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 firma pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke sv\u00e9 kampani, se jmenuj\u00ed Tur\u00f3w2044.pl. My\u0161lenka, \u017ee masivn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba uhl\u00ed do roku 2044 v Tur\u00f3w\u011b by mohla b\u00fdt v souladu se Zelenou dohodou, jej\u00edm\u017e hlavn\u00edm hlediskem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a dosa\u017een\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 neutrality do roku 2050, je sama o sob\u011b nesmysln\u00e1. Tak dlouh\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba uhl\u00ed nen\u00ed v souladu ani s doporu\u010den\u00edmi expert\u016f na klima<\/a>, ani s pl\u00e1ny EU na spravedlivou transformaci uheln\u00fdch region\u016f. Evropsk\u00e1 komise ji\u017e potvrdila, \u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed region nedostane pen\u00edze z Fondu spravedliv\u00e9 transformace, pokud zde k \u00fatlumu uhl\u00ed nedojde do roku 2030<\/a>. Pl\u00e1ny na t\u011b\u017ebu do roku 2044 by tak v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m rozporu se sou\u010dasnou komunikac\u00ed PGE nejen nijak nepomohly spravedliv\u00e9 transformaci regionu kolem m\u011bsta Bogatynie, ale naopak by podpo\u0159e EU pro spravedlivou transformaci regionu \u00fapln\u011b zabr\u00e1nily. <\/p>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linka narativu PGE se nese ve velmi obecn\u00e9m duchu a spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 polemika s n\u00edm bude do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry prob\u00edhat ve spekulativn\u00ed rovin\u011b, podp\u016frn\u00e9 argumenty pro dal\u0161\u00ed provoz dolu jsou ji\u017e vylo\u017een\u011b l\u017eiv\u00e9 \u010di manipulativn\u00ed a jdou snadno vyvr\u00e1tit.<\/p>\n\n

80 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed nav\u00e1zan\u00fdch na pr\u00e1ci v dole? To sotva<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

PGE tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zav\u0159en\u00ed dolu \u201cohro\u017euje existenci a\u017e 80 tis\u00edc Pol\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ijdou o prost\u0159edky na \u017eivobyt\u00ed\u201d. PGE se tak sna\u017e\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt jednoho z m\u00e1la pozitivn\u00edch aspekt\u016f sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, a to \u017ee je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zam\u011bstnavatelem v regionu. V\u0161imn\u011bte si ale, \u017ee nemluv\u00ed o tom, kolik lid\u00ed p\u0159ijde o pr\u00e1ci, ale kolik lid\u00ed p\u0159ijde o prost\u0159edky na \u017eivobyt\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pracuje v dole 2329\u00a0 a v sousedn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rn\u011b 1207 lid\u00ed<\/a>.\u00a0 Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee ve m\u011bst\u011b Bogatynia a v jeho okol\u00ed, kter\u00e9 soused\u00ed s dolem, \u017eije zhruba 23 tis\u00edc a v cel\u00e9m \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm regionu polsk\u00e9ho Zgorzelce pak 89 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Zav\u0159en\u00ed dolu by tak podle PGE \u201cohrozilo \u017eivobyt\u00ed\u201d n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu lid\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 v\u016fbec \u017eije v bl\u00edzkosti dolu, a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu lid\u00ed, jak\u00fd \u017eije v cel\u00e9m regionu. Jak firma PGE do\u0161la k tak vysok\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edslu, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9. Po\u010det lid\u00ed zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch v komplexu Tur\u00f3w se p\u0159itom kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b sni\u017euje. V posledn\u00edch 23 letech poklesla zam\u011bstnanost v dole o 62 procent a v elektr\u00e1rn\u011b jen za posledn\u00edch 6 let o 22 <\/a>procent.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

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Firma PGE k citov\u00e9mu vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 fotku koupenou z fotobanky. Tahle hol\u010di\u010dka ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed smutn\u00e1 kv\u016fli zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed dolu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Nav\u00edc p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed dolu soudn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm automaticky neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee tis\u00edce lid\u00ed v dolu a elektr\u00e1rn\u011b p\u0159ijdou o pr\u00e1ci. Elektr\u00e1rna m\u016f\u017ee provizorn\u011b a do\u010dasn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat uhl\u00ed odjinud. A i pracovn\u00ed pozice v dole po rozhodnut\u00ed nikam nezmiz\u00ed. M\u00e1me ostatn\u011b u\u017e jeden precedent do\u010dasn\u00e9ho uzav\u0159en\u00ed dolu z ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby z N\u011bmecka. Uheln\u00fd d\u016fl J\u00e4nschwalde v Braniborsku, kter\u00fd krm\u00ed uhl\u00edm elektr\u00e1rnu o instalovan\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu 2,3 GW, byl soudem uzav\u0159en v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019<\/a> a do provozu se vr\u00e1til v \u00fanoru 2020<\/a>. Pokud by Pol\u00e1ci m\u011bli p\u0159ij\u00edt o prost\u0159edky na \u017eivobyt\u00ed, musela by PGE aktivn\u011b jejich mzdy kr\u00e1tit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b propou\u0161t\u011bt. Sv\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance a zam\u011bstnankyn\u011b by tak trestala za svou vlastn\u00ed chybu, \u017ee nebyla schopn\u00e1 zajistit pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby v souladu se z\u00e1konem.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Naopak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by uheln\u00e1 firma nebr\u00e1nila spravedliv\u00e9 transformaci regionu a m\u00edsto toho podporovala rozvoj obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, mohlo by v regionu podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie vzniknout a\u017e 7830 nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Vzhledem k velmi benevolentn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edstupu PGE k \u010d\u00edsl\u016fm vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm, kolik lid\u00ed je ohro\u017eeno p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm uzav\u0159en\u00edm dolu, pak asi nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee firma pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0161patn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed vyroben\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny a dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na Tur\u00f3wu \u00fadajn\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed. Elektr\u00e1rna Tur\u00f3w v sou\u010dasnosti nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed 7 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9 polsk\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny, v roce 2019 i 2020 to byla jen 3 procenta<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uheln\u00e1 firma PGE provozuj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00fd hn\u011bdouheln\u00fd d\u016fl Tur\u00f3w na \u010desko-n\u011bmecko-polsk\u00fdch hranic\u00edch dlouh\u00e9 roky spole\u010dn\u011b s polsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady ignorovala \u010ceskou republiku, jej\u00ed ob\u010dany a n\u00e1mitky v\u016f\u010di pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby, kter\u00e1 prokazateln\u011b odv\u00e1d\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":13691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20,25],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-13683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13683"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13694,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13683\/revisions\/13694"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13683"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=13683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}