{"id":14301,"date":"2021-07-22T12:55:17","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T11:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=14301"},"modified":"2021-12-01T13:30:28","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T12:30:28","slug":"miliardy-pro-uhlobarony-ne-radeji-drazbu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/14301\/miliardy-pro-uhlobarony-ne-radeji-drazbu\/","title":{"rendered":"Miliardy pro uhlobarony? Ne, rad\u011bji dra\u017ebu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u0161echny sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje energetiky, kter\u00e9 modelovala vl\u00e1dn\u00ed uheln\u00e1 komise, po\u010d\u00edtaly pro rok 2030\u00a0s\u00a0cenou emisn\u00ed povolenky 30\u00a0eur za tunu CO2. N\u00e1mitky m\u00e9 i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f komise, \u017ee je tento odhad absurdn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fd, byly p\u0159edsedou komise a univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm ministrem Havl\u00ed\u010dkem odm\u00edtnuty. Ve v\u0161ech sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch potom uhl\u00ed velmi nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vych\u00e1zelo v\u00a0roce 2030\u00a0jako tr\u017en\u011b konkurenceschopn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V\u00a0okam\u017eiku, kdy p\u00ed\u0161u tyto \u0159\u00e1dky, atakuje cena povolenky 60\u00a0eur a d\u00e1le roste. V\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny z\u00a0uhl\u00ed je tak st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ze v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch zdroj\u016f\u00a0\u2013 od j\u00e1dra p\u0159es obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje po zemn\u00ed plyn\u00a0\u2013 a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pod z\u00e1v\u011brnou \u010d\u00e1rou merit order \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. P\u0159eklad do lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di by zn\u011bl asi tak, \u017ee uheln\u00e9 doly a elektr\u00e1rny za\u010dnou i\u00a0ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9m prostoru v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech masivn\u011b krachovat. Z\u00e1v\u011bry a doporu\u010den\u00ed uheln\u00e9 komise jsou z\u00a0tohoto hlediska zcela irelevantn\u00ed. \u017divot jako obvykle p\u0159edb\u011bhne politiku.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Protest proti uhl\u00ed v Praze
\u00a9 Barbora Sommers<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee cenu povolenky ur\u010duje trh, m\u00e1 st\u00e1t v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b jen t\u0159i mo\u017enosti, jak \u0159e\u0161it rychle se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdpadek 40\u00a0procent v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0na\u0161em energetick\u00e9m mixu: a) ned\u011blat nic, nad\u00e1vat na zlou EU a \u010dekat, jak to dopadne, b) za\u010d\u00edt provoz uheln\u00e9 energetiky dotovat des\u00edtkami miliard z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch rozpo\u010dt\u016f, anebo c) za\u010d\u00edt se urychlen\u011b p\u0159ipravovat na technicky a pr\u00e1vn\u011b proveditelnou n\u00e1hradu uhl\u00ed bezemisn\u00edmi zdroji.<\/p>\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dosud zjevn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b preferuje prvn\u00ed variantu. Krom toho n\u00e1s z\u00e1sobuje optimistick\u00fdmi vizemi nov\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, jej\u00edm\u017e drobn\u00fdm nedostatkem ov\u0161em z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee i\u00a0podle t\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch optimist\u016f bude spu\u0161t\u011bna v\u00a0roce 2038.\u00a0Tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b deset let pot\u00e9, co zkrachuje posledn\u00ed tuzemsk\u00e1 uheln\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna. S\u00a0n\u00e1hradou uhl\u00ed n\u00e1m tedy moc nepom\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Jan Rovensk\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Nejmenovan\u00ed uhlobaroni-srdca\u0159i zjevn\u011b s\u00e1zej\u00ed na druhou zm\u00edn\u011bnou mo\u017enost a sna\u017e\u00ed se n\u00e1s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak se zbavit uhl\u00ed, je za\u010d\u00edt jeho provoz masivn\u011b dotovat z na\u0161ich spole\u010dn\u00fdch pen\u011bz. (Za pozoruhodn\u00fd detail pova\u017euji, \u017ee \u010cEZ v t\u00e9hle h\u0159e nejede a od b\u00fdval\u00fdch sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00fdch du\u0161\u00ed a jejich PR ma\u0161inerie kv\u016fli tomu \u010del\u00ed stup\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm se ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm.)<\/p>\n\n

Podobn\u00e9 pokusy o dob\u00fdvan\u00ed renty tu nejsou poprv\u00e9 a jist\u011b ani naposled. Ale p\u0159esto se vyplat\u00ed zbyst\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n

Debata se to\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kolem takzvan\u00fdch kapacitn\u00edch plateb. Ty maj\u00ed zajistit, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st zdroj\u016f, jejich\u017e existence by norm\u00e1ln\u011b ned\u00e1vala ekonomick\u00fd smysl, je p\u0159ipravena v z\u00e1loze. Ve chv\u00edli, kdy by p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustav\u011b hrozil nedostatek elekt\u0159iny, st\u00e1t (p\u0159esn\u011bji \u010cEPS) d\u00e1 pokyn a uveden\u00fd zdroj zah\u00e1j\u00ed v\u00fdrobu. V\u00fdm\u011bnou za \u201epohotovost\u201c dost\u00e1v\u00e1 stanovenou odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n

Osobn\u011b jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 kapacitn\u00ed platby budeme pot\u0159ebovat. I\u00a0p\u0159i maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a ponech\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren v\u00a0provozu budeme toti\u017e kolem roku 2028\u00a0pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u010delit n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f v\u00a0roce situaci, kdy nab\u00eddka elekt\u0159iny nesta\u010d\u00ed uspokojit sou\u010dasnou popt\u00e1vku. P\u016fjde sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0jednotky ne\u017e des\u00edtky procent v\u00fdkonu, ale i\u00a0drobn\u00e1 odchylka je v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u011b ov\u0161em pova\u017euji za jist\u00e9, \u017ee uhl\u00ed n\u00e1m s\u00a0t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem nepom\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fl se nevyplat\u00ed t\u011b\u017eit jen v dob\u011b, kdy nefouk\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n

S v\u00fdjimkou nap\u0159esrok odstaven\u00fdch \u010dernouheln\u00fdch D\u011btmarovic toti\u017e stoj\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 elektroenergetika na hn\u011bd\u00e9m uhl\u00ed. A to m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 charakteristiky. Kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00e9 v\u00fdh\u0159evnosti se d\u00e1 ekonomicky smyslupln\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eet jen na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti \u2013 proto s n\u00edm neexistuje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ani region\u00e1ln\u00ed trh. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00e1z\u00e1na na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fd velk\u00fd povrchov\u00fd velkolom, kter\u00fd ji z\u00e1sobuje palivem. Jen\u017ee takov\u00fd velkolom nelze provozovat sez\u00f3nn\u011b p\u00e1r t\u00fddn\u016f \u010di m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v roce, jeho provoz nelze trvale v\u00fdrazn\u011bji omezit. Br\u00e1n\u00ed tomu obrovsk\u00e9 fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 se spl\u00e1cen\u00edm investic, \u00fadr\u017ebou, \u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm vody, opravami strojn\u00edho vybaven\u00ed \u010di mzdami.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159edstava, \u017ee by mohlo hn\u011bd\u00e9 uhl\u00ed ekonomicky smyslupln\u011b fungovat v roli z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edho \u010di nouzov\u00e9ho paliva, je\u017e by \u201ekrylo z\u00e1da\u201c obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm, je proto zcela chim\u00e9rick\u00e1. Pokud se n\u011bkdo sna\u017e\u00ed v \u010cesku otev\u0159\u00edt debatu o st\u00e1tn\u00edch dotac\u00edch na provoz uheln\u00fdch dol\u016f a elektr\u00e1ren, m\u011bl by poctiv\u011b p\u0159iznat, \u017ee mu jde o faktick\u00e9 dotov\u00e1n\u00ed uheln\u00e9ho \u201ebusiness as usual\u201c. Tedy provozu uheln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v re\u017eimu takzvan\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, lidskou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed zhruba \u201ev\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b furt\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Kdy\u017e odhl\u00e9dneme od toho, \u017ee takov\u00fd mechanismus podpory by byl neefektivn\u00ed ekonomicky i\u00a0technicky, zb\u00fdv\u00e1 dodat, \u017ee by byl zcela neslu\u010diteln\u00fd s\u00a0evropsk\u00fdmi pravidly pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed pomoci.<\/p>\n\n

Dotace pro plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny tak\u00e9 nejsou \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm<\/h3>\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm ov\u0161em nejsou ani dotace pro celoro\u010dn\u00ed provoz plynov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00fdmi by n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed r\u00e1di nahradili uhl\u00ed v\u00a0pom\u011bru 1:1 pod z\u00e1minkou plynu jako \u201ep\u0159echodov\u00e9ho paliva\u201c. Jde p\u0159itom o\u00a0jednu z\u00a0nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch manipulac\u00ed debaty o\u00a0budoucnosti energetiky, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00edme. Zemn\u00ed plyn m\u00e1 toti\u017e po zapo\u010dten\u00ed pouh\u00fdch dvou procent \u00fanik\u016f p\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a p\u0159eprav\u011b stejn\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f jako to nejhor\u0161\u00ed uhl\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou plynu nen\u00ed jeho \u00fadajn\u00e1 \u201en\u00edzkoemisnost\u201c, ale flexibilita. Na rozd\u00edl od uhl\u00ed ho m\u016f\u017eeme zapnout skute\u010dn\u011b jen na t\u011bch p\u00e1r set hodin ro\u010dn\u011b, kdy n\u00e1m nebude sta\u010dit j\u00e1dro, obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje a p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny. Nem\u00e1 tedy smysl p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o\u00a0plynu jako o \u201ep\u0159echodov\u00e9m\u201c, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 jako o \u201enouzov\u00e9m\u201c palivu.<\/p>\n\n

Lze tedy v\u016fbec proplout mezi Skyllou nedostatku elekt\u0159iny a Charybdou zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho syp\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch miliard do uheln\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rensk\u00fdch kotl\u016f? V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee ano.<\/p>\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm jsou v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 aukce na kapacitn\u00ed platby. St\u00e1t p\u0159edem jasn\u011b \u0159ekne, jak\u00fd flexibiln\u00ed v\u00fdkon na kolik hodin v\u00a0roce popt\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 a vyhl\u00e1s\u00ed aukci mezi provozovateli na jeho pokryt\u00ed. Rozhodne nejlep\u0161\u00ed cena. R\u00e1d se vsad\u00edm, \u017ee star\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny jako Po\u010derady by v\u00a0takov\u00e9 transparentn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ei nem\u011bly \u0161anci. I\u00a0proto o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch usly\u0161\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b hodn\u011b k\u0159iku, pl\u00e1\u010de a stra\u0161en\u00ed blackouty. Jejich skute\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem bude jedin\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 st\u00e1tn\u00ed renty exkluzivn\u011b pro uhlobarony.<\/p>\n\n

Ps\u00e1no pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy.<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u0161echny sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje energetiky, kter\u00e9 modelovala vl\u00e1dn\u00ed uheln\u00e1 komise, po\u010d\u00edtaly pro rok 2030\u00a0s\u00a0cenou emisn\u00ed povolenky 30\u00a0eur za tunu CO2. N\u00e1mitky m\u00e9 i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f komise, \u017ee je tento odhad absurdn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":13815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20,25,26,34],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-14301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-obnovitelne-zdroje","tag-uhelnakomise","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14301"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15365,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14301\/revisions\/15365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14301"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=14301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}