{"id":14944,"date":"2021-10-07T14:24:48","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T13:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=14944"},"modified":"2023-08-29T08:07:27","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T07:07:27","slug":"50-let-greenpeace-jak-jsme-vynalezli-lednicku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/14944\/50-let-greenpeace-jak-jsme-vynalezli-lednicku\/","title":{"rendered":"Z historie Greenpeace: Jak jsme vynalezli ledni\u010dku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>M\u00e1te doma ledni\u010dku? Tak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ur\u010dit\u011b, pokud to nen\u00ed sta\u0159i\u010dk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b pamatuje limon\u00e1du Ovona \u010di ml\u00e9ko v pytl\u00edku, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te ekologickou ledni\u010dku se syst\u00e9mem Greenfreeze. V Evrop\u011b s n\u00ed v\u00fdrobci nahradili freony, kter\u00e9 roze\u017e\u00edraly ozonovou vrstvu. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed \u0159e\u0161ila ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra, prok\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee za jej\u00ed vznik mohou chlor-fluorovan\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky (CFC), neboli freony. Montrealsk\u00fd protokol jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1987 zak\u00e1zal a v\u00fdrobci ledni\u010dek \u0159ekli, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e p\u0159ej\u00edt na HFC &#8211; chemicky velmi podobn\u00e9 plyny, kter\u00e9 se daj\u00ed klidn\u011b ozna\u010dit jako \u201efreony 2.0\u201c. Proti tomu se tehdy aktivn\u011b postavila organizace Greenpeace, proto\u017ee \u0161lo o klasick\u00e9 vytlouk\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ednu kl\u00ednem. Nov\u00e1 chladic\u00ed m\u00e9dia sice ji\u017e nezabra\u0148ovala v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e vzniku oz\u00f3nu, ale zato v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvala k zes\u00edlen\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00e9ho efektu a oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed planety.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/ea239949-gp02o1v_medium_res-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14946\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/ea239949-gp02o1v_medium_res-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/ea239949-gp02o1v_medium_res-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/ea239949-gp02o1v_medium_res-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/ea239949-gp02o1v_medium_res-510x337.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/ea239949-gp02o1v_medium_res.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Produkce prvn\u00edch chladni\u010dek bez freon\u016f s technologi\u00ed Greenfreeze v N\u011bmecku (c) Greenpeace &#8211; Ali Paczensky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Jedin\u00fdm smyslupln\u00fdm krokem se jevilo p\u0159in\u00e9st d\u016fkaz, \u017ee existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9, ekologicky \u0161etrn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby chlazen\u00ed, nam\u00edsto t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 preferovali v\u00fdrobci ledni\u010dek a klimatizac\u00ed. Zp\u016fsoby, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 se ji\u017e v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvaly, nebo se s nimi alespo\u0148 experimentovalo, ale nikdy nebyly masov\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bny do v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n<p>Mlad\u00edk Wolfgang Lohbeck z organizace Greenpeace proto v N\u011bmecku odstartoval kampa\u0148, kter\u00e1 zm\u011bnila tv\u00e1\u0159 cel\u00e9ho chlad\u00edrensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se spojil s v\u011bdci v Dortmundu, s nimi\u017e dal dohromady pl\u00e1n na technick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebude pot\u0159ebovat plyny HFC. Pak na\u0161el starou tov\u00e1rnu na ledni\u010dky, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159ed krachem, a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil jej\u00ed veden\u00ed, aby za\u010dalo s v\u00fdrobou testovac\u00edch prototyp\u016f nov\u00e9 a neodzkou\u0161en\u00e9 technologie. Na rozjezd projektu pak za\u010dal vyb\u00edrat p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky od d\u00e1rc\u016f Greenpeace. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se mu v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi sm\u00e1li, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ho pova\u017eovali za bl\u00e1zna.<\/p>\n\n<p>I p\u0159es pochyby a v\u00fdsm\u011bch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u201eexpert\u016f\u201c ale \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch akademik\u016f fungovalo, a to i v masov\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b. R\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby chlazen\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00e9 pod n\u00e1zvem Greenfreeze pak organizace Greenpeace nab\u00eddla zdarma v\u0161em, bez n\u00e1roku na patentovou ochranu. A v\u00fdsledek? Technologie se za\u010dala rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159it a zaplavila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00fd trh. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f z roku 2013 obsahovala chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my Greenfreeze t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina v\u0161ech vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch ledni\u010dek, mezi lidmi jich slou\u017eilo p\u0159es 700 milion\u016f a technologii pou\u017e\u00edvali v\u0161ichni velc\u00ed v\u00fdrobci.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"663\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/9155cc76-gp06md_medium_res-1024x663.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14945\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/9155cc76-gp06md_medium_res-1024x663.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/9155cc76-gp06md_medium_res-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/9155cc76-gp06md_medium_res-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/9155cc76-gp06md_medium_res-510x330.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/10\/9155cc76-gp06md_medium_res.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">V\u00fdroba chladni\u010dek Greenfreeze v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. (c) Greenpeace &#8211; Alan Hindle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>V rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch \u010di v USA ale lid\u00e9 dodnes chlad\u00ed i pomoc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b fluorovan\u00fdch uhlovod\u00edk\u016f (HFC), kter\u00e9 jsou sklen\u00edkov\u00fdmi superplyny a\u017e desetitis\u00edckr\u00e1t siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. V \u0159\u00edjnu 2016 se proto ve Rwand\u011b rozhodlo, \u017ee budou tyto problematick\u00e9 plyny zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny a nahrazeny. K p\u0159elomov\u00e9 dohod\u011b se p\u0159idalo p\u0159es 150 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta. Logick\u00fdm pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm tohoto z\u00e1vazku je co nejrychleji s\u00e1hnout po osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 technologii Greenfreeze, i kdy\u017e se to chemick\u00e9mu pr\u016fmyslu nel\u00edb\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout post-10416 \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/zapoj-se\/chci-darovat\/\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/ffaf7454-darovat_529502848-e1539865709712-1024x703.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/ffaf7454-darovat_529502848-e1539865709712-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/ffaf7454-darovat_529502848-e1539865709712-768x528.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/ffaf7454-darovat_529502848-e1539865709712-1024x703.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/ffaf7454-darovat_529502848-e1539865709712-1989x1366.jpg 1989w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/10\/ffaf7454-darovat_529502848-e1539865709712-495x340.jpg 495w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/zapoj-se\/chci-darovat\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChci darovat\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"boxout-excerpt\">P\u0159idej se k hnut\u00ed mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jen spole\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme prosadit skute\u010dnou zm\u011bnu a zachr\u00e1nit to, co z p\u0159\u00edrody je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                        data-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n                        data-ga-action=\"Call to Action\"\n                        data-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/zapoj-se\/chci-darovat\/\"\n                        \n                    >\n                        Jdu do toho\n                    <\/a>\n                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e1te doma ledni\u010dku? Tak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ur\u010dit\u011b, pokud to nen\u00ed sta\u0159i\u010dk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b pamatuje limon\u00e1du Ovona \u010di ml\u00e9ko v pytl\u00edku, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te ekologickou ledni\u010dku se syst\u00e9mem Greenfreeze. V Evrop\u011b s n\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":14946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[13,19,23,24],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-14944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-o-greenpeace","tag-ovzdusi","tag-bez-chemie","tag-aktivni-spolecnost","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14944"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19323,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14944\/revisions\/19323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14944"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=14944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}