{"id":15154,"date":"2021-11-01T10:49:35","date_gmt":"2021-11-01T09:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=15154"},"modified":"2023-08-29T08:04:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T07:04:36","slug":"50-let-greenpeace-jak-jsme-zachranili-velryby-pred-vyhynutim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/15154\/50-let-greenpeace-jak-jsme-zachranili-velryby-pred-vyhynutim\/","title":{"rendered":"Z historie Greenpeace: Jak jsme zachr\u00e1nili velryby p\u0159ed vyhynut\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kdy\u017e za\u010dali Angli\u010dan\u00e9, Holanan\u00e9 a D\u00e1nov\u00e9 v 18. stolet\u00ed lovit na \u0160picberk\u00e1ch pomal\u00e9 velryby gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9, nikoho nenapadlo, \u017ee tito kytovci budou jednou ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem. B\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby v\u0161ak byla tamn\u00ed lovi\u0161t\u011b zcela vylovena. Velryb\u00e1\u0159i t\u00e1hli za velrybami do jin\u00fdch kout\u016f zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nevy\u010derpateln\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu a pomalu zdokonalovali svou techniku. V roce 1868 vynalezl Nor Svend Foyn harpunov\u00e9 d\u011blo. T\u00edm byl osud velryb zpe\u010det\u011bn. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Velryby se dlouho lovily jen pro kostice, tuk a v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 pro maso. U vorva\u0148\u016f se zpracov\u00e1val je\u0161t\u011b tzv. spermacet, vysoce kvalitn\u00ed tuk, a ambra, vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 tuh\u00e1 hmota poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze \u017ealudku, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159id\u00e1vala do parf\u00e9m\u016f. Velryb\u00ed maso se v Japonsku stalo v\u00fdznamnou slo\u017ekou v\u00fd\u017eivy a\u017e po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kdy byl na m\u00edstn\u00edm v\u00e1lkou zdecimovan\u00e9m trhu akutn\u00ed nedostatek potravin obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch b\u00edlkoviny.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Keporkak nad hladinou. (c) Greenpeace \/ Paul Hilton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Za pouh\u00fdch 80 let 20. stolet\u00ed ulovili velryb\u00e1\u0159i v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 miliony velryb, a dostali tak n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy na sam\u00fd pokraj vyhuben\u00ed. Podle odhad\u016f Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise zbylo nap\u0159\u00edklad z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 250 000 plejtv\u00e1k\u016f obrovsk\u00fdch nanejv\u00fd\u0161 450 zv\u00ed\u0159at. <\/p>\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou osobou v boji Greenpeace proti pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9mu lovu velryb se stal psycholog Paul Spong z Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Stalo se tak pot\u00e9, co ho propustili z vancouversk\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho akv\u00e1ria, kde vykon\u00e1val v\u011bdeckou pr\u00e1ci, proto\u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee kosatka \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed zde v zajet\u00ed \u201e\u017e\u00e1dala o propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na svobodu\u201c. Pr\u00e1v\u011b on p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil na za\u010d\u00e1tku 70. let aktivisty z nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 organizace Greenpeace, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt \u0159e\u0161it intenzivn\u00ed lov kytovc\u016f, kter\u00fd se vymknul kontrole.<\/p>\n\n

\"Orcinus
Paul Spong s kosatkou \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v zajet\u00ed.
\u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Rex Weyler<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Kdy\u017e aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace v roce 1975 zah\u00e1jili svou kampa\u0148 na z\u00e1chranu velryb, reagovali t\u00edm na kritick\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu byla populace velk\u00fdch velryb vystavena. V\u011bt\u0161ina druh\u016f velryb byla tehdy u\u017e zdecimov\u00e1na velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak i nad\u00e1le odm\u00edtal jak\u00e9koliv dobrovoln\u00e9 omezen\u00ed sv\u00fdch aktivit. <\/p>\n\n

Naj\u00edt velryb\u00e1\u0159skou lo\u010f s tehdej\u0161\u00ed technikou dostupnou na star\u00e9 lodi Phyllis Cormack nebylo v\u016fbec snadn\u00e9, ale nakonec se to poda\u0159ilo. U pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Kalifornie lo\u010f Greenpeace na\u0161la sov\u011btskou velryb\u00e1\u0159skou lo\u010f jm\u00e9nem Dalnyj Vostok. T\u00e9to v\u00fdpravy se \u00fa\u010dastnil i \u010desk\u00fd emigrant Ji\u0159\u00ed \u201cGeorge\u201d Korotva, kter\u00fd jako jedin\u00fd z v\u00fdpravy um\u011bl trochu rusky, a proto zde pracoval i jako tlumo\u010dn\u00edk. Rusov\u00e9 byli ze st\u0159etnut\u00ed s pomalovanou lod\u00ed plnou vousat\u00fdch hip\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Nejd\u0159\u00edve v\u016fbec netu\u0161ili, o co jim jde. Jeden z d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f na n\u011b zavolal: „Rebjata, jes\u0165 u vas kakoje LSD?“ Kdy\u017e ale za\u010dali lovit, byli velmi tvrd\u00ed a pro aktivisty stav\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed se jim do cesty nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed. Korotva p\u0159i tom m\u00e1lem p\u0159i\u0161el o \u017eivot, kdy\u017e harpuna prosvi\u0161t\u011bla jen p\u00e1r des\u00edtek centimetr\u016f od jeho hlavy. Filmov\u00fd z\u00e1znam z akce se ale poda\u0159ilo doru\u010dit na zased\u00e1n\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, kde tenkr\u00e1t zp\u016fsobil senzaci. V\u0161echna m\u00e9dia pak cht\u011bla p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et zpr\u00e1vy o kampan\u00edch za z\u00e1chranu velryb.<\/p>\n\n

\"Russian
Ji\u0159\u00ed George Korotva v akci p\u0159i st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 lodi.
\u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Rex Weyler<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Po akc\u00edch Greenpeace v 70. letech, kter\u00e9 pomohly dostat z\u00e1b\u011bry velryb\u00edch jatek na televizn\u00ed obrazovky, se p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u011bmto velk\u00fdm savc\u016fm radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnil. V\u00edce ne\u017e po velryb\u00edm \u0159\u00edzku tou\u017e\u00ed dnes lid\u00e9 vid\u011bt velrybu \u017eivou nebo poslechnout si jej\u00ed zp\u011bv z c\u00e9d\u00e9\u010dka. Na nov\u00e9m turistick\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed \u201ewhale watching\u201c \u010dili pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed velryb se dnes vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edc, ne\u017e se kdy velryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm snilo. Velryb\u00ed safari se stalo extr\u00e9mn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159es dv\u011b miliardy dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b a zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 tis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Nejen z mor\u00e1ln\u00edho a environment\u00e1ln\u00edho, ale i z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska tak maj\u00ed dnes velryby v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu \u017eiv\u00e9 ne\u017e mrtv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Organizace Greenpeace byla nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm akt\u00e9rem p\u0159i prosazen\u00ed moratoria na komer\u010dn\u00ed lov velryb, kter\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1sila Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komise a je\u017e za\u010dalo platit od roku 1986. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b jsme doufali, \u017ee velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl bude postupn\u011b upadat, a to se tak\u00e9 stalo. Pot\u00e9, co moratorium vstoupilo v platnost, sedm z dev\u00edti velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed postupn\u011b do roku 1990 ukon\u010dilo sv\u00e9 velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 aktivity. Av\u0161ak Japonsko a Norsko pokra\u010duje v komer\u010dn\u00edm lovu a lov\u00ed velryby dodnes, by\u0165 v omezen\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

A oba tyto st\u00e1ty se v minulosti chovaly ostudn\u011b. Vy\u0161lo nap\u0159\u00edklad najevo, \u017ee norsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da financovala program na podporu konzumace velryb\u00edho masa, proto\u017ee velryb bylo uloveno v\u00edce, ne\u017e byli Norov\u00e9 zvykl\u00ed sn\u00edst. Japonsko zase l\u017eiv\u011b ozna\u010dovalo pravideln\u00fd masakr n\u011bkolika stovek velryb jako lov pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 ze z\u00e1kazu komer\u010dn\u00edho lovu v\u00fdjimku.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Akce proti japonsk\u00e9mu lovu, kter\u00fd se maskoval za v\u00fdzkum. (c) Greenpeace \/ Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed pak Japonsko naverbovalo do Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise, kter\u00e1 o z\u00e1kazu lovu velryb rozhodla, n\u011bkter\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ostrovn\u00ed mikrost\u00e1te\u010dky z Karibiku – a p\u0159im\u011blo je ke hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch v\u00fdm\u011bnou za zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoc. Volebn\u00ed hlasy sh\u00e1n\u011bla Japonsk\u00e1 agentura pro rybolov. V roce 1993 m\u011bla tato agentura na sv\u00e9 v\u00fdplatn\u00ed listin\u011b pouze \u010dty\u0159i zem\u011b. V roce 1999 jich bylo ji\u017e sedm. V roce 2000 Japonsko p\u0159ivedlo do IWC dal\u0161\u00ed novou zemi a v roce 2001 dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b. Do velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise tak vstoupily Antigua a Barbuda, Dominica, Guinea, Grenada, St. Vincent a Grenadiny, St. Lucia, St. Kitts a Nevis, \u0160alamounovy ostrovy, Panama a Maroko, kter\u00e9 a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky v\u017edy hlasovaly s Japonskem. <\/p>\n\n

Pokud by toto \u201ekupov\u00e1n\u00ed hlas\u016f\u201c nebylo zastaveno, Japonci mohli dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o lovu velryb v\u011bt\u0161iny, co\u017e by nezvratn\u011b vedlo k obnoven\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edho lovu velryb, jeho\u017e jedin\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vyd\u011blat zab\u00edjen\u00edm velryb co nejv\u00edce pen\u011bz. Japonsku u\u017e re\u00e1ln\u011b chyb\u011bly jen dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i hlasy. Ale lid\u00e9 z Greenpeace si brzy uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee tuto hru mohou hr\u00e1t dva. A za\u010dali tla\u010dit veden\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f k tomu, aby do velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise poslali sv\u00e9 z\u00e1stupce, kte\u0159\u00ed by se proti hrozb\u011b obnoven\u00ed lovu velryb postavili. <\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdjimkou nebyla ani \u010desk\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Greenpeace, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 za\u010dala usilovn\u011b pracovat na vstupu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky do velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise. Petici adresovanou vl\u00e1d\u011b podepsaly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 osobnosti \u2013 zp\u011bva\u010dky Hana Hegerov\u00e1, Marta Kubi\u0161ov\u00e1 a Anna K., spisovatel Ivan Kl\u00edma, hudebn\u00edk Ji\u0159\u00ed D\u011bde\u010dek, herci Jan Vod\u0148ansk\u00fd a Petr Vacek, filma\u0159 a producent Petr Vachler, obh\u00e1jce lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v Stanislav Penc a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch, nakonec se po\u010det signat\u00e1\u0159\u016f pohyboval okolo 25 tis\u00edc. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"\/
Kampa\u0148 za z\u00e1chranu velryb v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. (c) Greenpeace \/ V\u00e1clav Va\u0161k\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Symbolem kampan\u011b se stala obrovsk\u00e1 desetimetrov\u00e1 nafukovac\u00ed velryba, kter\u00e1 nav\u0161t\u00edvila \u0159adu m\u011bst. V l\u00e9t\u011b v roce 2004 nap\u0159\u00edklad plula i na Vltav\u011b pod Karlov\u00fdm mostem. Vl\u00e1da i parlament s po\u017eadavkem Greenpeace nakonec souhlasily a \u010cesko se stalo v roce 2006 plnohodnotn\u00fdm \u010dlenem komise. Od t\u00e9 doby \u010desk\u00fd z\u00e1stupce v\u017edy hlasuje pro ochranu velryb a proti obnoven\u00ed jejich lovu. A nebyl s\u00e1m, proto\u017ee i dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty se p\u0159idaly a jasn\u011b v Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komisi p\u0159e\u010d\u00edslily hlasy pro obnoven\u00ed lovu velryb. P\u0159es enormn\u00ed tlak Japonska a stovek milion\u016f dolar\u016f utracen\u00fdch za kupov\u00e1n\u00ed hlas\u016f se moratorium poda\u0159ilo udr\u017eet. Japonsko nakonec svoje \u00fasil\u00ed vzdalo a na konci roku 2018 z komise dokonce vystoupilo a s kontroverzn\u00edm lovem pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely rad\u011bji skon\u010dilo. T\u00edmto krokem dalo Greenpeace za pravdu, \u017ee o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nikdy ne\u0161lo.<\/p>\n\n

K omezen\u00e9mu lovu velryb, kter\u00fd je podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va ileg\u00e1ln\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed i dnes, ale popt\u00e1vka po velryb\u00edm mase je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a st\u00e1le kles\u00e1. V Norsku velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl postupn\u011b miz\u00ed a mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 ho vesm\u011bs odsuzuj\u00ed. V Japonsku vl\u00e1da st\u00e1le lov podporuje, ale pokud by st\u00e1t cht\u011bl v t\u011bchto praktik\u00e1ch pokra\u010dovat dlouhodob\u011bji, musel by za velk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady modernizovat svoji dosluhuj\u00edc\u00ed flotilu. <\/p>\n\n

\"Action
Protest proti zab\u00edjen\u00ed velryb.
\u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Martial Dosdane<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Velryby ov\u0161em nyn\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 hrozby ne\u017e jejich lov – toxick\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, plastov\u00fd odpad, zm\u011bna klimatu a s n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed a oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f \u010di seismick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna na p\u0159\u00edtomnost ropy a jej\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba. Na tyto hrozby se nyn\u00ed Greenpeace v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uje nap\u0159\u00edklad ve sv\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u010di klimatick\u00e9 kampani.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1clav Va\u0161k\u016f je b\u00fdval\u00fd dlouholet\u00fd tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed a fotograf Greenpeace. Text vznikl s p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00edm Luk\u00e1\u0161e Hr\u00e1bka a Jana Freidingera.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChci darovat\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

P\u0159idej se k hnut\u00ed mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jen spole\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme prosadit skute\u010dnou zm\u011bnu a zachr\u00e1nit to, co z p\u0159\u00edrody je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e za\u010dali Angli\u010dan\u00e9, Holanan\u00e9 a D\u00e1nov\u00e9 v 18. stolet\u00ed lovit na \u0160picberk\u00e1ch pomal\u00e9 velryby gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9, nikoho nenapadlo, \u017ee tito kytovci budou jednou ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem. B\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby v\u0161ak byla tamn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":15156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[18,29],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-15154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-oceany","tag-nenasilne-protesty","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15154"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19318,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15154\/revisions\/19318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15154"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=15154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}