{"id":15878,"date":"2021-12-16T17:32:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T16:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=15878"},"modified":"2021-12-20T17:53:23","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T16:53:23","slug":"boj-za-zlevneni-emisni-povolenky-nechci-slevu-zadarmo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/15878\/boj-za-zlevneni-emisni-povolenky-nechci-slevu-zadarmo\/","title":{"rendered":"Boj za zlevn\u011bn\u00ed emisn\u00ed povolenky? Nechci slevu zadarmo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Premi\u00e9r v demisi Andrej Babi\u0161 na evropsk\u00e9m summitu<\/a> spole\u010dn\u011b s polskou vl\u00e1dou prosazoval sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ceny emisn\u00edch povolenek. S t\u00edmto n\u00e1vrhem na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed neusp\u011bl. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ceny nebo dokonce zru\u0161en\u00ed emisn\u00edch povolenek by toti\u017e pro \u010ceskou republiku znamenalo ztr\u00e1tu a\u017e 60 miliard korun, zat\u00edmco spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm by se zlevnila elekt\u0159ina jen zanedbateln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem – zhruba o 10 procent.<\/p>\n\n

Ne, nejsou to intuitivn\u00ed, ale p\u0159esn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Zkusme si nejd\u0159\u00edv stru\u010dn\u011b popsat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdchodiska, kter\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\"Action
Provozovatel\u00e9 uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren nyn\u00ed bohu\u017eel kr\u00e1lovsky vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Nem\u00e1 smysl jim tedy odpou\u0161t\u011bt emisn\u00ed povolenky.
\u00a9 Konrad Konstantynowicz \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

V\u00fdchodisko prvn\u00ed a pro pochopen\u00ed cel\u00e9 v\u011bci patrn\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: Cenu silov\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny na trhu ur\u010duje jeden jedin\u00fd faktor: provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady (opex) nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, tzv. z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdroba je v tu chv\u00edli v s\u00edti pot\u0159eba. Provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f v danou chv\u00edli nemaj\u00ed na cenu elekt\u0159iny vliv \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u2013 i kdyby vyr\u00e1b\u011bly \u00fapln\u011b zadarmo, elekt\u0159inu budou prod\u00e1vat za \u00fapln\u011b stejnou cenu, jako z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna. Rozd\u00edl mezi jejich provozn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady a uvedenou cenou tvo\u0159\u00ed jejich hrub\u00fd zisk. Hezky a srozumiteln\u011b tenhle proces ned\u00e1vno v Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch popsal<\/a> hlavn\u00ed ekonom \u010cEZ Pavel \u0158e\u017e\u00e1bek.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdchodisko druh\u00e9: z\u00e1v\u011brnou elektr\u00e1rnou je na spole\u010dn\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m trhu nyn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna spaluj\u00edc\u00ed zemn\u00ed plyn. Nebylo tomu tak v\u017edycky \u2013 v dob\u00e1ch levn\u00e9ho plynu se pravideln\u011b st\u00e1valo, \u017ee roli z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9ho zdroje obsadila elektr\u00e1rna spaluj\u00edc\u00ed uhl\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku cena \u010dern\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed ARA na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch<\/a> vzrostla dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b, zat\u00edmco zemn\u00ed plyn<\/a> zdra\u017eil p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u011b. Plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny tak nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed svoj\u00ed pozici z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9ho, a tedy nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edho zdroje jistou. Z toho mimo jin\u00e9 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee provozovatel\u00e9 uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren nyn\u00ed bez ohledu na vysokou cenu povolenky kr\u00e1lovsky vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed – jejich provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady jsou v sou\u010dasnosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s plynov\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami o 40 procent ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n

V\u00fdchodisko t\u0159et\u00ed, u kter\u00e9ho u\u017e za\u010dneme trochu po\u010d\u00edtat: Provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch slo\u017eek: ceny paliva a ceny emisn\u00edch povolenek. Typick\u00e1 paroplynov\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed 49 procent na v\u00fdrobu 1 MWh elekt\u0159iny pot\u0159ebuje 2 MWh zemn\u00edho plynu a 0,4 povolenky. To d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159i dne\u0161n\u00edch cen\u00e1ch 173 euro za palivo a 32 euro za emise. Nebo (a to je \u010d\u00edslo, se kter\u00fdm budeme pracovat d\u00e1le): cenu silov\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed z 84 % cena zemn\u00edho plynu a z 16 % cena emisn\u00ed povolenky.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdchodisko \u010dtvrt\u00e9: povolenky se na trh dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prodejem v dra\u017eb\u00e1ch<\/a>. Sto procent v\u00fdnos\u016f dra\u017eby je p\u0159\u00edjmem ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch rozpo\u010dt\u016f st\u00e1tu<\/a>, na jeho\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed k emis\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed. P\u0159i dne\u0161n\u00ed cen\u011b 79 euro\/EUA<\/a> by tak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika dra\u017ebou povolenek v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce z\u00edskala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 110 miliard korun.<\/p>\n\n

U\u017e asi tu\u0161\u00edte, pro\u010d je sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ceny povolenky velmi \u0161patn\u00fd n\u00e1pad. Ale poj\u010fme si to spo\u010d\u00edtat p\u0159esn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Pracujme s krajn\u00ed variantou, \u017ee by byly povolenky z\u00edtra \u00fapln\u011b zru\u0161eny, nebo bychom ze syst\u00e9mu ETS, v jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci existuj\u00ed, vystoupili tak, jak o to usiluje polsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da.<\/p>\n\n

Na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9 by \u010desk\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm nepochybn\u011b klesla cena silov\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch 16 procent. P\u0159i pohledu na svoj\u00ed fakturu ov\u0161em zjist\u00edte, \u017ee silov\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina je na n\u00ed pouze jednou z polo\u017eek. V\u00a0 sazb\u011b D02d, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, tvo\u0159\u00ed silov\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho cen\u00edku \u010cEZu<\/a> dv\u011b t\u0159etiny celkov\u00e9 ceny. Zru\u0161en\u00ed povolenky, pokud by se do cen\u00edk\u016f obchodn\u00edk\u016f prom\u00edtlo nezkreslen\u011b, by tak typick\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti sn\u00ed\u017eilo fakturu za elekt\u0159inu o 11 procent.<\/p>\n\n

Celkov\u011b se loni v \u010cR spot\u0159ebovalo 60 TWh elekt\u0159iny<\/a>. Pokud by spot\u0159eba z\u016fstala p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok stejn\u00e1, zru\u0161en\u00ed povolenky by mohlo u\u0161et\u0159it spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm p\u011bkn\u00fdch 49 miliard korun.<\/p>\n\n

Not bad, not terrible, cht\u011blo by se \u0159\u00edci. Ale to bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n\n

St\u00e1t by toti\u017e sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el o zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem 110 miliard z dra\u017eby povolenek. O 110 miliard, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee mimo jin\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt na sanaci vysok\u00fdch cen energi\u00ed, a to i cen plynu pro dom\u00e1cnosti, na kterou nem\u00e1 povolenka \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n\n

Suma sum\u00e1rum by tak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika na zru\u0161en\u00ed povolenek prod\u011blala 61 miliard ro\u010dn\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jejich ceny o 10 procent by se jednalo \u201ejen\u201c o 6 miliard. Dal\u0161\u00ed varianty si snadno dopo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te sami.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s napadne, kde by zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch 61 miliard skon\u010dilo. To je celkem prost\u00e9 \u2013 zv\u00fd\u0161il by se o n\u011b hrub\u00fd zisk provozovatel\u016f uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, kter\u00fd je ji\u017e dnes nek\u0159es\u0165ansky vysok\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Andrej Babi\u0161 tak prosazoval slevu, za kterou by se nemusel styd\u011bt ani doktor Zel\u00ed z klasick\u00e9 pov\u00eddky \u0160imka a Grossmana<\/a>. Doufejme, \u017ee nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1da bude um\u011bt po\u010d\u00edtat o n\u011bco l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n\n

Ps\u00e1no pro iHned.cz<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Premi\u00e9r v demisi Andrej Babi\u0161 chce na evropsk\u00e9m summitu spole\u010dn\u011b s polskou vl\u00e1dou prosazoval sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ceny emisn\u00edch povolenek. S t\u00edmto n\u00e1vrhem na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed neusp\u011bl. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ceny nebo dokonce zru\u0161en\u00ed emisn\u00edch povolenek…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":6090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20,25],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-15878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15878"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15882,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15878\/revisions\/15882"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15878"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=15878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}