<\/strong>Ano. Adresn\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozhodn\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pomoc plo\u0161n\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n
Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem by tedy vl\u00e1da m\u011bla pom\u00e1hat i dom\u00e1cnostem? Co zdra\u017euje elekt\u0159inu a plyn? Pokud jde o ceny plynu, stalo se zjednodu\u0161en\u011b to, \u017ee cena plynu na evropsk\u00e9m trhu se za\u010dala potk\u00e1vat s cenou zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho zemn\u00edho plynu (LNG) na v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e9m trhu. Velk\u00fd vliv m\u011blo i chov\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho Gazpromu: pronajal si v Evrop\u011b plynov\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 ale p\u0159es l\u00e9to nenaplnil, a sou\u010dasn\u011b neprod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sv\u016fj plyn na evropsk\u00fdch spotov\u00fdch trz\u00edch (p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 pouze dlouhodob\u00e9 kontrakty). V dob\u011b s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed hrozby vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku Kremlu proti Ukrajin\u011b je to dost pozoruhodn\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda. <\/p>\n\n Cena plynu v d\u016fsledku toho narostla od ledna 2021 do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021 na dvojn\u00e1sobek, do \u0159\u00edjna t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobek a do 22. prosince na v\u00edce ne\u017e osmin\u00e1sobek. Pokud jde o cenu elekt\u0159iny, ta t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159esn\u011b kop\u00edrovala horskou dr\u00e1hu, po kter\u00e9 uh\u00e1n\u011bla cena zemn\u00edho plynu. Ostatn\u00ed faktory, jako r\u016fst ceny povolenky, na n\u00ed m\u011bly ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s cenou zemn\u00edho plynu zcela druho\u0159ad\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n\n Tak\u017ee emisn\u00ed povolenky nejsou vin\u00edk sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong> V \u010dem jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu? Co by se m\u011blo zm\u011bnit, aby ke zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nedoch\u00e1zelo? Ve v\u00fdhledu na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce a roky by ur\u010dit\u011b pomohlo, kdyby EU nebo jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159evzaly kontrolu nad provozem plynov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f jako kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, v\u010detn\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, \u017ee budou p\u0159ed zimou pln\u00e9. Pokud by plyn nakupovala EU ve velk\u00e9m spole\u010dn\u011b, sn\u00ed\u017eilo by to ceny a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo stabilitu dod\u00e1vek. Zdra\u017e\u00ed energie Green Deal? <\/strong> Kolem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situace na trhu s energiemi panuje nejenom velk\u00e1 nejistota, ale i nedostatek informac\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00e9 bludy. Pod\u00edvali jsme se na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m pomohou se v t\u00e9matu zorientovat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":15980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[25],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-15932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15932"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15981,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15932\/revisions\/15981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15932"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=15932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/strong>Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci by m\u011bla vl\u00e1da hledat mo\u017enosti, jak lidem pomoci u\u0161et\u0159it jejich vysok\u00e9 v\u00fddaje za energie dlouhodob\u011b. Lid\u00e9 si nap\u0159\u00edklad mohou elekt\u0159inu vyr\u00e1b\u011bt sami, a t\u00edm u\u0161et\u0159it. Pokud si n\u011bkdo loni bez jak\u00e9koliv dotace po\u0159\u00eddil fotovoltaickou elektr\u00e1rnu, vyr\u00e1b\u00ed si dnes vlastn\u00ed elekt\u0159inu p\u011btkr\u00e1t levn\u011bji, ne\u017e kolik za n\u00ed te\u010f od ledna v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010desk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed plat\u00ed \u010cEZu \u010di jin\u00e9mu obchodn\u00edkovi s elekt\u0159inou. A pak m\u00e1 smysl samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zlep\u0161ovat hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s energi\u00ed – tedy v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b kvalitn\u011b zateplovat. Mimochodem, \u010desk\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mnohem v\u00edc (o v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 procent) energie ve form\u011b zemn\u00edho plynu ne\u017e ve form\u011b elekt\u0159iny. \u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da by tedy m\u011bla p\u0159ij\u00edt s pl\u00e1nem na to, jak ud\u011blat zateplov\u00e1n\u00ed a instalaci sol\u00e1rn\u00edch st\u0159ech dostupn\u00e9 i n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdm dom\u00e1cnostem, kter\u00e9 si takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed nyn\u00ed nemohou dovolit a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 krizi jsou nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A financovat to m\u016f\u017ee z v\u00fdnosu z prodeje emisn\u00edch povolenek, kter\u00fd bude d\u00edky rostouc\u00ed cenn\u011b povolenky mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo.<\/p>\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2022\/01\/11def500-shutterstock_760463077-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/strong>Cenu elekt\u0159iny i plynu v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce n\u00e1m na t\u00e9 \u00fapln\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, ale \u010dasto opom\u00edjen\u00e9 \u00farovni, zdra\u017eily dv\u011b v\u011bci: globalizovan\u00fd kapitalismus a spole\u010dn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd trh s elekt\u0159inou. Lid\u00e9 si bohu\u017eel \u010dasto neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee zemn\u00ed plyn i \u010dern\u00e9 uhl\u00ed jsou glob\u00e1ln\u011b obchodovateln\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, tak\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jejich ceny v Asii nebo v Austr\u00e1lii jen s velmi mal\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm ovlivn\u00ed trh i u n\u00e1s. <\/p>\n\n
Emisn\u00ed povolenky se do ceny elekt\u0159iny prom\u00edtaj\u00ed, ale to brut\u00e1ln\u00ed zdra\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ed koncem roku neovlivnily v\u016fbec nijak. D\u00e1 se to n\u00e1zorn\u011b ilustrovat na jednom velmi praktick\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu:
B\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch deseti dn\u016f od 22. ledna 2021 do 1. ledna 2022 se staly dv\u011b v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly elekt\u0159inu podle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel Green Dealu a emisn\u00edch povolenek zdra\u017eit:
1) v N\u011bmecku definitivn\u011b zav\u0159eli 3 tamn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny (co\u017e je podle m\u011b z hlediska ochrany klimatu \u0161koda)
2) cena emisn\u00ed povolenky stoupla ze 76,83 euro na 80,65 euro, tedy o 5 procent.
Cena elekt\u0159iny ov\u0161em tyto p\u0159edpov\u011bdi neposlechla, a za zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch pouh\u00fdch 10 dn\u016f se na pra\u017esk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 burze (PXE) propadla z 326 euro\/MWh na 122 euro\/MWh, tedy o neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 63 procent. A pro\u010d se tak stalo? Proto\u017ee ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed klesla cena zemn\u00edho plynu o 67 procent. Na t\u011bchto hodnot\u00e1ch se od t\u00e9 doby ceny na burze v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed (situace ke 12. lednu 2022 – pozn. red.). <\/p>\n\n
<\/strong>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m vid\u00edm v na\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch s fosiln\u00edmi palivy. Krom toho, \u017ee spalov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto paliv ohro\u017eujeme budoucnost na\u0161ich potomk\u016f, posledn\u00ed p\u016flrok uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eou ud\u011blat i po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u016fvan v pen\u011b\u017eence. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm ale nen\u00ed jejich cenu n\u011bjak omezovat – to by mohlo dopadnout jako v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kde regulace ceny uhl\u00ed vedla k nedostatku elekt\u0159iny a dokonce blackout\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je ov\u0161em fosiln\u00ed paliva, v\u010detn\u011b zemn\u00edho plynu, co nejd\u0159\u00edve z trhu vytla\u010dit rozvojem obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Nov\u00e9 obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje elekt\u0159inu u\u017e dnes elekt\u0159inu nijak nezdra\u017euj\u00ed, ale zlev\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b bych r\u00e1d zopakoval, \u017ee dekarbonizace nem\u00e1 na nyn\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed krizi cen energi\u00ed prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv. Naopak, jeho hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je zemn\u00ed plyn, fosiln\u00ed palivo, z\u00e1vislosti na n\u011bm\u017e bychom se naopak dekarbonizac\u00ed m\u011bli zbavit. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161patn\u011b zvl\u00e1dnut\u00e1 dekarbonizace by v budoucnosti mohla skute\u010dn\u011b ceny energie zdra\u017eit. Je t\u0159eba proto d\u016fkladn\u011b ohl\u00eddat, aby evropsk\u00e1 Zelen\u00e1 dohoda (tedy Green Deal) respektovala dva n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed principy:
a) spravedliv\u00e1 transformace – co\u017e neznamen\u00e1 nic men\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e \u017ee hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1klady dekarbonizace neponesou n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, ale bohat\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (a to nejen energetick\u00e9, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed)
b) d\u016fsledn\u011b chr\u00e1nit evropsk\u00fd trh p\u0159ed tzv. uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm dumpingem – co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dovoz v\u00fdrobk\u016f ze zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed zpoplatn\u011bn\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f na srovnateln\u00e9 \u00farovni, jako EU, bude na vstupu na spole\u010dn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd trh zat\u00ed\u017een odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm vysok\u00fdm importn\u00edm clem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"