{"id":16142,"date":"2022-02-23T11:49:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T10:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=16142"},"modified":"2022-02-08T12:26:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T11:26:09","slug":"7-uzasnych-zvirat-a-rostlin-ktere-jsme-nasli-v-sargasovem-mori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/16142\/7-uzasnych-zvirat-a-rostlin-ktere-jsme-nasli-v-sargasovem-mori\/","title":{"rendered":"7 \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a rostlin, kter\u00e9 jsme na\u0161li v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jak proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00edme Sargasov\u00fdm mo\u0159em, palubn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm si p\u00ed\u0161e detailn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, se kter\u00fdmi se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me. St\u00e1le plujeme na na\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed plavb\u011b po v\u0161ech sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1nech, upozor\u0148ujeme na hrozby, kter\u00fdm na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny \u010del\u00ed, a po\u017eadujeme silnou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohodu o oce\u00e1nech na p\u016fd\u011b OSN. Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak m\u016f\u017eeme pomoci p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit sv\u011btov\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby se postavili za na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny, je uk\u00e1zat jim, jak jsou m\u00edsta jako Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot a jak jsou nyn\u00ed ohro\u017eena.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00fdm na palub\u011b lodi sb\u00edr\u00e1 data \u010dty\u0159mi zp\u016fsoby – p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm z lodi, pr\u016fzkumem plovouc\u00edch koberc\u016f Sargasov\u00fdch \u0159as \u0161norchlov\u00e1n\u00edm, fotografov\u00e1n\u00edm v \u010dern\u00e9 vod\u011b (technika, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed k po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f jedine\u010dn\u00fdch oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161inou viditeln\u00fdch pouze v noci) a odb\u011brem vzork\u016f eDNA (sb\u011br DNA protein\u016f z mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody, kter\u00fd poskytuje p\u0159ehled o druz\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se v t\u011bchto vod\u00e1ch vyskytovaly b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 48 hodin). <\/p>\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto metod jsme byli schopni objevit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed komplexn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 \u017eivota. Nane\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed jsme v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 na\u0161li obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed plastu, kter\u00e9 v\u0161echny tato zv\u00ed\u0159ata ohro\u017euje.<\/p>\n\n

Tady jsou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi jsme se na lodi doposud setkali:<\/p>\n\n

1. Vorva\u0148 obrovsk\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Na\u0161e lo\u010f se setkala s mal\u00fdm hejnem t\u011bchto velkolep\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at ve vod\u00e1ch Sargasov\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Vorvani jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z ozuben\u00fdch kytovc\u016f a maj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mozek ze v\u0161ech zv\u00ed\u0159at na sv\u011bt\u011b. Podobn\u011b jako delf\u00edni vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed echolokaci k nalezen\u00ed a omr\u00e1\u010den\u00ed sv\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed. Vorvani jsou pov\u011bstn\u00ed sv\u00fdmi epick\u00fdmi bitvami s ob\u0159\u00edmi olihn\u011bmi, ale ve skute\u010dnosti se \u017eiv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy men\u0161\u00edch olihn\u00ed a tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00fdmi rybami, rejnoky a \u017eraloky velko\u00fast\u00fdmi. <\/p>\n\n

Vorvani jsou dodnes bohu\u017eel celosv\u011btov\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed kv\u016fli velk\u00e9mu loveck\u00e9mu tlaku v 19. stolet\u00ed. Byli hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem velryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu kv\u016fli velryb\u00edmu tuku zvan\u00e9mu spermacet, kter\u00fd je ulo\u017een dutin\u00e1ch jejich lebe\u010dn\u00edch kost\u00ed. Ne\u017e byla vynalezena elekt\u0159ina, p\u00e1lil se tento olej v lucern\u00e1ch a vyr\u00e1b\u011bly se z n\u011bj sv\u00ed\u010dky. Dnes jsou vorvani chr\u00e1n\u011bni, ale st\u00e1le je ohro\u017euje plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a d\u016fsledky zm\u011bn klimatu.<\/p>\n\n

2. Faeton \u017elutozob\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Tropick\u00fd pt\u00e1k s b\u00edl\u00fdm ocasem se stal pro n\u00e1\u0161 t\u00fdm b\u011bhem etapy v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i maskotem. Tento kr\u00e1sn\u00fd pt\u00e1k se \u017eiv\u00ed olihn\u011bmi, l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edmi rybami a kraby daleko na mo\u0159i, tak\u017ee je jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la pravideln\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze spat\u0159it z paluby lodi i ve velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od pevniny. Greenpeace spolupracuje s v\u011bdci z bermudsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy na sb\u011bru d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o t\u011bchto pt\u00e1c\u00edch – zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me polohu, denn\u00ed dobu, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a sm\u011br letu, abychom pomohli l\u00e9pe pochopit jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Faeton \u010del\u00ed na hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u00edch na tropick\u00fdch ostrovech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159emno\u017een\u00fdm krys\u00e1m a holub\u016fm, ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ohro\u017een\u00e9ho.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

3. Ostenec karolinsk\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Na t\u00e9to fotografii po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt dva ostence, kte\u0159\u00ed si spletli plastov\u00fd kbel\u00edk s \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 jim obvykle poskytuj\u00ed Sargasov\u00e9 \u0159asy.<\/p>\n\n

Ostenci jsou vysoce teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed ryby a na tomto obr\u00e1zku m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt, jak bojuj\u00ed o prostor. Velk\u00e9 kusy plastu, jako je tento, se dostanou do oce\u00e1nu a kv\u016fli p\u016fsoben\u00ed vln a soli se pomalu rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed na mikroplasty. Ostenec do plastov\u00e9ho odpadu kou\u0161e, je to b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed u tohoto druhu, a t\u00edm op\u011bt doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rozpadu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kus\u016f plastu na men\u0161\u00ed. Jak\u00fdkoli kus plastu, a\u0165 u\u017e mal\u00fd nebo velk\u00fd, je \u0161kodliv\u00fd pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n

4. Rozedranec sargasov\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\u017divot v koberc\u00edch sargasov\u00fdch \u0159as je pln\u00fd skr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ml\u00e1\u010fata ryb a \u017eelv p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed kryc\u00ed zbarven\u00ed, aby je pred\u00e1to\u0159i nevid\u011bli. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i \u2013 jako tento rozedranec \u2013 vol\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Jejich barva a tvar dokonale spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed se zlatou mo\u0159skou \u0159asou, co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159ipl\u00ed\u017eit se za ko\u0159ist\u00ed. Rozedranec sargasov\u00fd \u017eije pouze v m\u00edstn\u00edch plovouc\u00edch \u0159as\u00e1ch a nikde jinde na Zemi. Stejn\u011b jako mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u010fas, i rozedranec pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na hlav\u011b \u201el\u00e1kadlo\u201c, aby oklamal ko\u0159ist a dostal se k n\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e. \u017div\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mal\u00fdmi krevetami, kraby a rybami, v\u010detn\u011b men\u0161\u00edch rozedranc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

5. Sargasov\u00e9 \u0159asy a plast<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Sargassum je hn\u011bd\u00e1 \u0159asa, kter\u00e1 se hojn\u011b vyskytuje v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Kdy\u017e se na n\u00ed pod\u00edv\u00e1te, snadno uvid\u00edte mnoho listnat\u00fdch v\u00fdhonk\u016f, v\u011btvi\u010dek a kulat\u00fdch bobulek, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed rostlinu. Ale to, co vypad\u00e1 jako bobule, jsou ve skute\u010dnosti mali\u010dk\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 kapsy, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed rostlinu nad vodou. Plovouc\u00ed sargasov\u00e9 \u0159asy se n\u011bkdy mohou t\u00e1hnout na kilometry daleko.<\/p>\n\n

Toto plovouc\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b poskytuje potravu, \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b a hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b \u0159ad\u011b tvor\u016f v\u010detn\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eelv, pt\u00e1k\u016f, krab\u016f, ryb, krevet a dal\u0161\u00edch. Samotn\u00e9 sargasov\u00e9 \u0159asy v\u0161ak ohro\u017euje zm\u011bna klimatu, plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a ob\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lod\u011b, kter\u00e9 trhaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 koberce sargasov\u00fdch \u0159as a ni\u010d\u00ed jejich biotopy. Tady v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i, ve v\u0161ech sargasov\u00fdch \u0159as\u00e1ch jsou zachyc\u011bn\u00e9 plasty \u2013 od velk\u00fdch kus\u016f plast\u016f a\u017e po drobn\u00e9 mikroplasty \u2013 a ohro\u017euj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 jsou na tomto stanovi\u0161ti z\u00e1visl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

6. L\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed ryby<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

A\u010dkoli l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed ryby rychle prchaj\u00ed za denn\u00edho sv\u011btla, v noci jsou p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a dokonce zv\u011bdav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 co\u017e umo\u017enilo na\u0161im pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016fm z\u00edskat tyto kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry v jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. L\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed ryby jsou oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ryby z \u010deledi letounovit\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou schopnost\u00ed plachtit. Na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se v tepl\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch vyskytuje asi 50 druh\u016f. Navzdory sv\u00e9mu jm\u00e9nu aktivn\u011b nel\u00e9taj\u00ed: jejich ploutve nem\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako pta\u010d\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla! Rychle plavou k hladin\u011b rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 37 mil za hodinu a jakmile vylet\u00ed nad hladinu, placht\u00ed, n\u011bkdy na p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b velkou vzd\u00e1lenost. Obecn\u011b se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee tato adaptace jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 uniknout pred\u00e1tor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

7. \u00daho\u0159 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

T\u00fdm Greenpeace se s touto larvou \u00faho\u0159e setkal p\u0159i no\u010dn\u00edch ponorech v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o \u00faho\u0159\u00edch je jedn\u00edm z mnoha div\u016f Sargasov\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Jako dosp\u011bl\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed tito \u00faho\u0159i v \u00fast\u00edch \u0159ek pod\u00e9l v\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriky a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kdy\u017e je \u010das se rozmno\u017eit, plavou na nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 m\u00edsto v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i, aby vypustili vaj\u00ed\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n

Mlad\u00ed \u00faho\u0159i se zde rod\u00ed a svou prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi \u017eivota tr\u00e1v\u00ed un\u00e1\u0161eni mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi proudy, ne\u017e se prom\u011bn\u00ed v polopr\u016fhledn\u00e9 \u201esklen\u011bn\u00e9 \u00faho\u0159e\u201c a vydaj\u00ed se zp\u011bt na kontinenty. \u00daho\u0159 americk\u00fd je jako ohro\u017een\u00fd, zat\u00edmco \u00faho\u0159 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed – kter\u00fd \u017eije i v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch \u0159ek\u00e1ch – je kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd. Oba druhy \u010del\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9mu tlaku kv\u016fli oblib\u011b sushi a tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ehrad\u00e1m v jejich domovsk\u00fdch \u0159ek\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Tato \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch ohro\u017euj\u00ed hrozby, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny. P\u0159idejte sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a \u0159ekn\u011bte OSN, aby vytvo\u0159ila silnou Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed smlouvu o oce\u00e1nu<\/a>, abychom ochr\u00e1nili na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny a \u00fa\u017easnou divo\u010dinu, kter\u00e1 na nich z\u00e1vis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Arlo Hemphill a Celia Ojeda koordinuj\u00ed oce\u00e1nskou kampa\u0148 v Greenpeace USA a Greenpeace \u0160pan\u011blsko. Text z angli\u010dtiny p\u0159elo\u017eila dobrovolnice Emma Bouda. Text byl upraven pro \u00fa\u010dely digit\u00e1ln\u00ed plavby Greenpeace \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00edme Sargasov\u00fdm mo\u0159em, palubn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm si p\u00ed\u0161e detailn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, se kter\u00fdmi se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me. St\u00e1le plujeme na na\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed plavb\u011b po v\u0161ech sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1nech, upozor\u0148ujeme na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":16143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[18,20,21],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-16142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-oceany","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-plast-je-past","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16142"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16149,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16142\/revisions\/16149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16142"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=16142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}