{"id":16909,"date":"2022-05-27T10:39:58","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T09:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=16909"},"modified":"2022-05-27T10:43:27","modified_gmt":"2022-05-27T09:43:27","slug":"jsou-obnovitelne-zdroje-energie-skutecne-drazsi-nez-fosilni-paliva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/16909\/jsou-obnovitelne-zdroje-energie-skutecne-drazsi-nez-fosilni-paliva\/","title":{"rendered":"Jsou obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie skute\u010dn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e fosiln\u00ed paliva?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Je n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na to, jak rychle dojde k p\u0159echodu na n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkovou energii. T\u00edm hlavn\u00edm je cena, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b relativn\u00ed cena obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vzhledem k tradi\u010dn\u00edm fosiln\u00edm paliv\u016fm. A\u017e do ned\u00e1vna p\u0159evl\u00e1dala na trhu d\u00edky n\u00edzk\u00fdm cen\u00e1m fosiln\u00ed paliva, d\u00edky  \u010demu\u017e energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f byly jen t\u011b\u017eko konkurenceschopn\u00e9. S v\u00fdvojem technologi\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou se ceny za\u010daly tla\u010dit dol\u016f. Cenov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi fosiln\u00edmi palivy a obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji se ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem zv\u011bt\u0161uje a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento nepom\u011br se v budoucnu bude d\u00e1l prohlubovat.<\/p>\n\n

A pro\u010d vid\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f tak rychle klesaj\u00ed? N\u00e1klady na fosiln\u00ed paliva z\u00e1vis\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry na dvou faktorech – na cen\u011b paliva, kter\u00e9 se spaluje, a na provozn\u00edch n\u00e1kladech elektr\u00e1rny. Naopak provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady elektr\u00e1ren na z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f jsou pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 a nav\u00edc se zde nemus\u00ed platit za palivo; n\u00fdbr\u017e palivem je v\u00edtr, slune\u010dn\u00ed svit, voda.., palivo nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u011b vykop\u00e1v\u00e1no ze zem\u011b a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eeno. To, co tedy ur\u010duje kone\u010dnou cenu obnoviteln\u00e9 energie, jsou n\u00e1klady na elektr\u00e1rnu a n\u00e1klady na samotnou technologii.<\/p>\n\n

Zlev\u0148ovat a zase zlev\u0148ovat<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Abychom pochopili, pro\u010d je sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie tak levn\u00e1, mus\u00edme pochopit, pro\u010d se sol\u00e1rn\u00ed technologie zlevnila. Jde o technologii, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i\u0161la doslova z vesm\u00edru. V\u016fbec prvn\u00ed praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie se uskute\u010dnilo v r\u00e1mci astronautiky na satelitu Vanguard I v roce 1958. V tomto oboru se na\u0161el potenci\u00e1l pro sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energii a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i ochota si za takovou technologii p\u0159iplatit, co\u017e nastartovalo rychl\u00fd rozvoj sol\u00e1rn\u00edch modul\u016f. Druh\u00fdm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee cena sol\u00e1rn\u00edch modul\u016f za\u010dala klesat, kdy\u017e se jich za\u010dalo vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v\u00edce. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed produkce poskytla to spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u201eknow-how\u201c, jak celkov\u011b zefektivnit a vylep\u0161it v\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces. Efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdroba pos\u00edlila u\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, to zp\u016fsobilo pokles cen, a ten zase v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vku.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Rovn\u011b\u017e u v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie odborn\u00edci o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee se bude v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech zlev\u0148ovat, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak u v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edmo v mo\u0159i. D\u016fvody pro to maj\u00ed hned dva \u2013 zaveden\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn a skute\u010dnost, \u017ee st\u00e1l\u00fd v\u00edtr na mo\u0159i umo\u017e\u0148uje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vyt\u00ed\u017een\u00ed elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n\n

Obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje opisuj\u00ed k\u0159ivku u\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

K\u0159ivka u\u010den\u00ed obecn\u011b popisuje vztah mezi m\u00edrou porozum\u011bn\u00ed a d\u00e9lkou nebo dobou, po jak dlouho u\u010den\u00ed trv\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed kapacity instalovan\u00fdch jednotek vede ke stejn\u00e9mu poklesu n\u00e1klad\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed instalovan\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed jednotky klesla cena sol\u00e1rn\u00ed elekt\u0159iny o 36 %. Energie z pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren dos\u00e1hla m\u00edry u\u010den\u00ed 23 % a ka\u017ed\u00e9 zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed kapacity elektr\u00e1rny bylo spojeno s poklesem ceny energie t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o \u010dtvrtinu. Fosiln\u00ed paliva na rozd\u00edl od obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f k\u0159ivku u\u010den\u00ed nen\u00e1sleduj\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie zlevnila o 89 % a v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie o 70 %, cena elekt\u0159iny z uhl\u00ed klesla pouze o 2 % b\u011bhem 10 let od roku 2009 do roku 2019.<\/p>\n\n

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https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/cheap-renewables-growth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Pro\u010d u uhl\u00ed pozorujeme jen nepatrn\u00fd pokles cen, je z d\u016fvodu limit\u016f nastaven\u00fdch pro tyto elektr\u00e1rny. Existuje jen mal\u00fd prostor pro podstatn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. Typicky maj\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny \u00fa\u010dinnost kolem 33 %, ty nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dnes dosahuj\u00ed a\u017e 47 %. I kdyby do\u0161lo k dramatick\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed, kde by \u00fa\u010dinnost vzrostla z jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny na dv\u011b t\u0159etiny, tak i tak by uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny jen t\u011b\u017eko dos\u00e1hly technologick\u00e9ho pokroku, kter\u00e9ho sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 moduly dosahuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 7-8 let. Cena elekt\u0159iny ze v\u0161ech fosiln\u00edch paliv nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pouze technologi\u00ed, ale do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry i cenou samotn\u00e9ho paliva. N\u00e1klady na uhl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rna sp\u00e1l\u00ed, tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 40 % celkov\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pro v\u0161echny elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tyto zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na palivo, existuje v\u017edy spodn\u00ed hranice, pod kterou se n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu u\u017e nem\u016f\u017eou sn\u00ed\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n

Kdy\u017e nesv\u00edt\u00ed nebo nefouk\u00e1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed by mohli nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee ne v\u017edy jsou podm\u00ednky pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny vhodn\u00e9 ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9. P\u0159ece jen u sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie je pot\u0159eba slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu, u v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie v\u00edtr, atd. Tyhle dny lze nahradit technologiemi pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny v podob\u011b lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed. Ty nejen \u017ee maj\u00ed dlouhou \u017eivotnost a vysokou kapacitu, ale tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 riziko samovyb\u00edjen\u00ed. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed technologie pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny pat\u0159\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e mezi n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed k\u0159ivku u\u010den\u00ed, a v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kles\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b strm\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n

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https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/cheap-renewables-growth<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n
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Je n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na to, jak rychle dojde k p\u0159echodu na n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkovou energii. T\u00edm hlavn\u00edm je cena, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b relativn\u00ed cena obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vzhledem k tradi\u010dn\u00edm fosiln\u00edm paliv\u016fm. A\u017e do…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":16913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[25,26,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-16909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-obnovitelne-zdroje","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16909"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16916,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16909\/revisions\/16916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16909"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=16909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}