{"id":17294,"date":"2021-08-01T08:04:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-01T07:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=17294"},"modified":"2022-08-01T07:23:50","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T06:23:50","slug":"7-veci-ktere-byste-meli-vedet-o-pozaru-v-narodnim-parku-ceske-svycarsko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/17294\/7-veci-ktere-byste-meli-vedet-o-pozaru-v-narodnim-parku-ceske-svycarsko\/","title":{"rendered":"7 v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o po\u017e\u00e1ru v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po\u017e\u00e1r v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko n\u00e1s hluboce zas\u00e1hl. Ho\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161\u00ed republiky, miz\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edroda v srdci n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, ohro\u017eeny jsou lidsk\u00e1 s\u00eddla i \u017eivoty. Jakmile po\u017e\u00e1r vypukl, za\u010dali jsme se pt\u00e1t co s t\u00edm lze d\u011blat, pro\u010d v\u016fbec vznikl a co bude d\u00e1l. Ptali jsme se odborn\u00edk\u016f, konzultovali jsme situaci s v\u011bdci a hasi\u010di, pro\u010d\u00edtali knihy. A cht\u011bli bychom se s v\u00e1mi o tom v\u0161em, co jsme se dozv\u011bd\u011bli, pod\u011blit.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Nen\u00ed to vesel\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed, ale v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee stejn\u011b jako my, naleznete v n\u011bkter\u00fdch bodech nad\u011bji a z\u00edsk\u00e1te d\u016fv\u011bru v s\u00edlu p\u0159\u00edrody. <\/p>\n\n

  1. Proto, aby vznikl po\u017e\u00e1r, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, aby se ve vhodn\u00e9 konstelaci se\u0161ly t\u0159i faktory:\u00a0
    1. Ho\u0159lav\u00fd materi\u00e1l – d\u0159evo, tr\u00e1va, pa\u0159ezy atd.\u00a0<\/li>
    2. Dostatek kysl\u00edku – to nebudeme, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee po\u017e\u00e1r vznikl v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b d\u00e1le komentovat.\u00a0<\/li>
    3. Z\u00e1paln\u00e1 teplota – inicia\u010dn\u00ed \u201cprvn\u00ed jiskru\u201d, kter\u00e1 ohe\u0148 za\u017eehne.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/li>
    4. Je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee za za\u017eehnut\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru je odpov\u011bdn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, a\u0165 ji\u017e svou nedbalost\u00ed, nebo \u00famysln\u011b. Z dlouhodob\u00fdch dat hasi\u010d\u016f toti\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk je inici\u00e1torem po\u017e\u00e1ru vegetace (i lesa) na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR v 95 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/a><\/li>
    5. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro vznik po\u017e\u00e1ru p\u0159edstavuje kombinace horka, sucha a siln\u00e9ho v\u011btru. (Odborn\u00fd term\u00edn je \u201cPo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed\u201d.) Takov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 na v\u0161ech kontinentech<\/a>. Na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed v posledn\u00edch 60 letech roste po\u010det dn\u016f s po\u010das\u00edm p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm pro vznik a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f vegetace (tedy i lesa), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po roce 2000 do\u0161lo u tohoto trendu k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zrychlen\u00ed.<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>
    6. Pro roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku hr\u00e1la obrovskou roli jeho geomorfologie. Nedostupn\u00e9 sout\u011bsky jsou obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 nejen pro samotn\u00e9 ha\u0161en\u00ed, ale i pro t\u011b\u017ebu porostu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 samotn\u00e1 geomorfologie zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se po\u017e\u00e1r za\u010dne rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v korun\u00e1ch strom\u016f.\u00a0<\/li>
    7. Struktura lesa v N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko je v mnoh\u00e9m unik\u00e1tn\u00ed, skoro by se dalo \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee m\u011bl park n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobnou sm\u016flu. Park vznikl v roce 1. ledna 2000, drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina strom\u016f byla klasick\u00e1 smrkov\u00e1 monokultura. Krom\u011b j\u00e1drov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu parku vl\u00e1dl nep\u016fvodn\u00ed druh. Pl\u00e1nem bylo nechat p\u0159irozen\u011b vyra\u0161it p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy a \u010dasem smrk nahradit. Pak ale p\u0159i\u0161lo sucho (o vlivu klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na sucho p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zde<\/a>) a s n\u00edm i k\u016frovec. Smrkov\u00e1 kalamit\u011b se nedalo vyhnout. (Podrobn\u011bji o d\u016fvodech, pro\u010d um\u00edraj\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 lesy viz Fakta o klimatu.<\/a>)\u00a0<\/li>
    8. Dalo se ohni p\u0159edej\u00edt t\u011b\u017ebou smrkov\u00fdch su\u0161in? Nikoli. Ohe\u0148 by se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il tak jako tak, kolem lidsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba dokonce prob\u011bhla (bez velk\u00e9ho vlivu na po\u017e\u00e1r<\/a>), po\u017e\u00e1r vznikl v m\u00edst\u011b, kde byla t\u011b\u017eba provedena a do srdce n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, kde z\u016fstaly such\u00e9 smrky se dostal a\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu samotn\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru. A co v\u00edc, p\u0159i takov\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1rech v jehli\u010dnat\u00e9m lese se po\u017e\u00e1r \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm „hrabankou“ – sm\u011bs jehli\u010d\u00ed na zemi. Dobr\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed najdete nap\u0159\u00edklad v podcastu 5:59<\/a>. \u00a0<\/li>
    9. Katastrofa pro lidi, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro p\u0159\u00edrodu. Zhruba tak by se dalo shrnout vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed hasi\u010d\u016f, ob\u010dan\u016f v posti\u017een\u00fdch obc\u00edch, spr\u00e1vy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku a botanik\u016f. Po\u017e\u00e1r takov\u00e9ho rozsahu je d\u011bsiv\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 ohro\u017euje lidsk\u00e1 s\u00eddla a \u017eivoty. Pro samotnou p\u0159\u00edrodu i pro samotn\u00fd park je ale p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k nov\u00e9mu r\u016fstu. A\u010dkoli vypad\u00e1 nyn\u00ed krajina v parku \u0161\u00edlen\u011b, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok vyra\u0161\u00ed prvn\u00ed semen\u00e1\u010dky, za n\u011bkolik let se p\u0159\u00edroda pln\u011b vzchop\u00ed, park se prom\u011bn\u00ed a bude siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Podrobn\u011bji pops\u00e1no nap\u0159\u00edklad zde<\/a>. I takov\u00e1 katastrofa v sob\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 kapku nad\u011bje!\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

      Samotnou kapitolou, kterou mus\u00edme vyzdvihnout je ob\u011btavost a ne\u00fanavn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u010desk\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f. Jak profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed, tak dobrovolni\u010dt\u00ed hasi\u010di odv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159i ha\u0161en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru skv\u011blou pr\u00e1ci! <\/p>\n\n

      Po\u017e\u00e1ry takov\u00e9ho rozsahu nejsou v \u010cR obvykl\u00e9. Bohu\u017eel mus\u00edme ale po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee jich bude p\u0159ib\u00fdvat. Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry i data hovo\u0159\u00ed ne\u00faprosn\u011b. Pokud budeme d\u00e1le spalovat fosiln\u00ed paliva, zvy\u0161ujeme riziko \u201cpo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed\u201d, vyschl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda ani na\u0161e lesy nejsou na takov\u00e9 zm\u011bny p\u0159ipraveny. <\/p>\n\n

      A\u010dkoli klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednky, pro vznik po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jsme v drtiv\u00e9 p\u0159evaze my, lid\u00e9. Proto, a\u017e p\u016fjde do lesa, nerozd\u011bl\u00e1vejte ohn\u011b, neodhazujte nedopalky, chovejte se tak, aby po\u017e\u00e1r nevznikl. M\u016f\u017eete se dokonce i pod\u00edvat na internetu, jak moc „po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed“ zrovna v \u010cR vl\u00e1dne – viz www.firerisk.cz<\/p>\n\n

      \"\"
      P\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed na 4. sprna 2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n

      A nakonec zva\u017ete, zda se nep\u0159ipoj\u00edte k ochran\u011b klimatu – pot\u0159ebujeme za\u010d\u00edt p\u0159ipravovat na\u0161i krajinu, nahradit energii z uhl\u00ed, ropy a zemn\u00edho plynu energi\u00ed ze slunce a v\u011btru. A takovou transformaci pot\u0159ebujeme prov\u00e9st tak, aby byla v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 pro n\u00e1s v\u0161echny, nikoli jen pro p\u00e1r vyvolen\u00fdch. Nyn\u00ed vedeme Evropskou Unii, m\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost nastartovat nutn\u00e9 zm\u011bny na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni. Prvn\u00ed krok? P\u0159ipojte se k v\u00fdzv\u011b politik\u016fm #SpoluProKlima, kter\u00e1 tyto po\u017eadavky obsahuje. <\/p>\n

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      Po\u017e\u00e1r v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko n\u00e1s hluboce zas\u00e1hl. Ho\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 a unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edroda, ohro\u017eeny jsou lidsk\u00e1 s\u00eddla i \u017eivoty. Jakmile po\u017e\u00e1r vypukl, za\u010dali jsme se pt\u00e1t co s t\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":17331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"7 v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o po\u017e\u00e1ru v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko.","p4_og_description":"Po\u017e\u00e1r v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko n\u00e1s hluboce zas\u00e1hl. Ho\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 a unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edroda, ohro\u017eeny jsou lidsk\u00e1 s\u00eddla i \u017eivoty. Jakmile po\u017e\u00e1r vypukl, za\u010dali jsme se pt\u00e1t co s t\u00edm lze d\u011blat, pro\u010d v\u016fbec vznikl a co bude d\u00e1l. Ptali jsme se odborn\u00edk\u016f, konzultovali jsme situaci s v\u011bdci a hasi\u010di, pro\u010d\u00edtali knihy. A cht\u011bli bychom se s v\u00e1mi o tom v\u0161em, co jsme se dozv\u011bd\u011bli, pod\u011blit.","p4_og_image":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2022\/07\/cb83a4ea-cs_greenpeace_raybaseley2-10.jpg","p4_og_image_id":"17331","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2],"tags":[25,17,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-17294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","category-priroda","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-lesy-pralesy","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17294"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17362,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17294\/revisions\/17362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17294"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=17294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}