{"id":17412,"date":"2022-08-15T12:22:53","date_gmt":"2022-08-15T11:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=17412"},"modified":"2022-08-15T12:48:16","modified_gmt":"2022-08-15T11:48:16","slug":"zacina-jednani-osn-ktere-rozhodne-o-osudu-oceanu-vyzvu-greenpeace-k-jejich-ochrane-podepsalo-100-tisic-lidi-z-ceska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/17412\/zacina-jednani-osn-ktere-rozhodne-o-osudu-oceanu-vyzvu-greenpeace-k-jejich-ochrane-podepsalo-100-tisic-lidi-z-ceska\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed OSN, kter\u00e9 rozhodne o osudu oce\u00e1n\u016f. V\u00fdzvu Greenpeace k jejich ochran\u011b podepsalo 100 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed z \u010ceska"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dnes za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v OSN z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dohod\u011b, kter\u00e1 potrvaj\u00ed do 26. srpna. Jejich v\u00fdsledek rozhodne o osudu oce\u00e1n\u016f pro dal\u0161\u00ed generace. K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch pravidel pro omezen\u00ed destruktivn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch se zav\u00e1zalo 49 zem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b \u010ceska<\/a>, jejich sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u00e1 b\u00fdt i vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed na 30 % jejich rozlohy. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 14 dn\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017ee, jestli dvacet let trvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed Greenpeace, v\u011bdc\u016f a progresivn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f bude m\u00edt z hlediska ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody happy end.<\/p>\n\n

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Akce Greenpeace k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed konference OSN v New Yorku. (c) Greenpeace \/ POW<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

\u201cOce\u00e1n\u016fm vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za mnoh\u00e9. Pohlcuj\u00ed a\u017e t\u0159etinu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry, absorbuj\u00ed 90 % p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla, produkuj\u00ed polovinu kysl\u00edku na planet\u011b a jsou zdrojem ob\u017eivy pro miliardy lid\u00ed. P\u0159esto je lidstvo dohnalo na pokraj katastrofy, a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nekontrolovan\u00e9ho drancov\u00e1n\u00ed ryb, rizikov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby ropy \u010di nerost\u016f, nebo skrze postupuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu, kter\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny otepluj\u00ed a okyseluj\u00ed. Je \u010das to oce\u00e1n\u016fm vr\u00e1tit. \u0160ance jako je te\u010f se objev\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b jednou za generaci,\u201d \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jan Freidinger z Greenpeace. <\/em><\/p>\n\n

Organizace Greenpeace ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 let spolu s v\u011bdci prosazuje jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ochranu oce\u00e1n\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by do roku 2030 pokryla minim\u00e1ln\u011b 30 % voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed. Pl\u00e1n Greenpeace z\u00edskal v\u011bdeckou i politickou podporu a dostal se a\u017e na p\u016fdu OSN, kde se o n\u011bm pr\u00e1v\u011b rozhoduje. Po\u017eadavek na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed podpo\u0159ilo sv\u00fdm podpisem p\u0159es 5 milion\u016f lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Podpo\u0159ilo ho i 100\u00a0 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed z \u010ceska, jejich\u017e podpisy p\u0159edali z\u00e1stupci Greenpeace z\u00e1stupc\u016fm ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed a \u010desk\u00e9 delegace<\/a>, kter\u00e1 bude o \u00famluv\u011b v New Yorku jednat.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

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P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed petice za z\u00e1chranu oce\u00e1n\u016f na ministerstvu zahrani\u010d\u00ed. (c) Greenpeace – Barbora Sommers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Za dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed od prvn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed p\u0159ibylo na seznamu kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f p\u0159es sto mo\u0159sk\u00fdch druh\u016f. Tlaku pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho rybolovu je vystaveno p\u0159es 55 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f<\/a> a klimatick\u00e1 krize nad\u00e1le po\u0161kozuje schopnost oce\u00e1n\u016f regulovat klima a teplotu na\u0161\u00ed planety.<\/p>\n\n

Voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba 60 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f. Jsou to oblasti mimo jurisdikci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 jistoty, biodiverzity a stability mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku. Navzdory jejich d\u016fle\u017eitosti dodnes chyb\u00ed jasn\u011b stanoven\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec jejich spr\u00e1vy, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zajistit jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1982 byla v Montego Bay na Jamajce podeps\u00e1na smlouva Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu \u2013 UNCLOS. A pr\u00e1v\u011b pod hlavi\u010dkou t\u00e9to \u00famluvy se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pravidla pro ochranu a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti oblast\u00ed mimo n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jurisdikci.<\/p>\n\n

Rezervace ochr\u00e1n\u00ed nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ed destruktivn\u00edmi dopady lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a umo\u017en\u00ed tak\u00e9 zotaven\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m.  Organizace Greenpeace poprv\u00e9 popsala koncept vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed ji\u017e v roce 2006 ve studii Roadmap to Recovery. Spole\u010dn\u011b s univerzitami v Cambridge a Yorku vytvo\u0159ila organizace Greenpeace v roce 2019 detailn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, jak by s\u00ed\u0165 rezervac\u00ed m\u011bla vypadat. Jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou i navrhy, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem rezervace chr\u00e1nit a monitorovat.<\/p>\n\n

Pokud nebude v New Yorku dohodnuta siln\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed smlouva o oce\u00e1nech, bude v podstat\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edle 30×30 – alespo\u0148 30 % oce\u00e1n\u016f chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch do roku 2030. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f je to naprost\u00e9 minimum, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 k tomu, aby se oce\u00e1ny mohly zotavit. <\/p>\n\n

Aby bylo setk\u00e1n\u00ed OSN podle Greenpeace pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata smlouva, kter\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n

  1. stanov\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl vytvo\u0159en\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/li>
  2. umo\u017en\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konference smluvn\u00edch stran (form\u00e1t COP) z\u0159\u00eddit oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 rezervace bez destruktivn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, jako je rybolov a hlubinn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba.<\/li>
  3. umo\u017en\u00ed b\u011bhem konferenc\u00ed COP p\u0159ij\u00edmat rozhodnut\u00ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm kvalifikovanou v\u011bt\u0161inou, pokud nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout konsensu.<\/li>
  4. definuje chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti (MPA – Marine Protected Areas) tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et pln\u011b a vysoce chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1kladov\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>
  5. umo\u017en\u00ed konferenc\u00edm COP rozhodovat o tom, zda jsou v MPA povoleny nebo zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny \u010dinnosti, jako je rybolov, ani\u017e by se p\u0159itom \u0159\u00eddila st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi org\u00e1ny.<\/li>
  6. umo\u017en\u00ed konferenc\u00edm COP p\u0159ij\u00edmat do\u010dasn\u00e1 nebo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f do doby, ne\u017e bude na jejich \u00fazem\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzena MPA<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dnes za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v OSN z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dohod\u011b, kter\u00e1 potrvaj\u00ed do 26. srpna. Jejich v\u00fdsledek rozhodne o osudu oce\u00e1n\u016f pro dal\u0161\u00ed generace. K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch pravidel pro omezen\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":17413,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[18],"p4-page-type":[14],"class_list":["post-17412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-oceany","p4-page-type-tiskova-zprava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17412"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17418,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17412\/revisions\/17418"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17412"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=17412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}