![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2021\/11\/92f5959c-trifazovy_elektromer.jpg\")
V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ur\u010duje ceny elekt\u0159iny extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00fd plyn. Jeho cena v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lednem 2021 vzrostla na \u0161estn\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobek. Cena silov\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny je v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm na dvan\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobku. Cenu elekt\u0159iny na burze toti\u017e ur\u010duj\u00ed provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny, jej\u00ed\u017e provoz je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k uspokojen\u00ed popt\u00e1vky – t\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e1. A po\u0159ad\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m jsou zap\u00edn\u00e1ny jednotliv\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny podle jejich finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti, se ozna\u010duje anglick\u00fdm term\u00ednem merit order. Ostatn\u00ed elektr\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed levn\u011bji ne\u017e elektr\u00e1rna z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e1, v tu chv\u00edli vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu za cenu ur\u010denou nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edm zdroje.<\/p>\n\n
Pokud je z\u00e1v\u011brnou elektr\u00e1rnou ta plynov\u00e1, cena elekt\u0159iny extr\u00e9mn\u011b stoup\u00e1, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na okam\u017eit\u00e9m (spotov\u00e9m) trhu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je na trhu velk\u00e1 panika a \u0161patn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy se hromad\u00ed, prom\u00edtaj\u00ed se ov\u0161em vysok\u00e9 ceny i do o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch dlouhodob\u00fdch term\u00ednov\u00fdch cen (tzv. futures).<\/p>\n\n
Z toho jasn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee dokud bude cenu elekt\u0159iny ovliv\u0148ovat plyn, bude trh selh\u00e1vat a elekt\u0159ina bude extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00e1 a lid\u00e9 nebudou m\u00edt na zaplacen\u00ed z\u00e1loh a \u00fa\u010dt\u016f, zat\u00edmco energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti budou extr\u00e9mn\u011b vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed je zjevn\u00e9 – zbavit se vlivu, kter\u00e9 zdivo\u010del\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny na trh maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Pokud se evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty – t\u0159eba na popud ministra S\u00edkely – dohodnou na zm\u011bn\u011b syst\u00e9mu a vyjmou z burzy plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, z\u00e1v\u011brnou elektr\u00e1rnou se stane ta na \u010dern\u00e9 uhl\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti vyr\u00e1b\u00ed zhruba za t\u0159etinovou cenu oproti sou\u010dasn\u00e9 cen\u011b elekt\u0159iny z plynu (a tedy i ceny elekt\u0159iny jako takov\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n Jak by to m\u011blo vypadat v praxi? O zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren v kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1loze by v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby, tedy v dob\u011b vykr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dek spot\u0159eby a pro \u00fa\u010dely stabilizace s\u00edt\u011b, rozhodoval provozovatel p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy, v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010cEPS. Pokud by vyr\u00e1b\u011bly, jejich elekt\u0159inu by odkupoval st\u00e1t (op\u011bt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010cEPS) za \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b stanovenou cenu fakticky odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm. Odkupoval by tak ale jen drahou elekt\u0159inu z plynu, nikoli drahou elekt\u0159inu ze v\u0161ech zdroj\u016f jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zastropov\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak by ho tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159i\u0161el mnohem levn\u011bji. Ve v\u00fdhod\u011b by byly st\u00e1ty, kde se z plynu vyr\u00e1b\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo elekt\u0159iny, k nim\u017e \u010cesko rozhodn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed – loni plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny pokr\u00fdvaly pouh\u00fdch 7 procent tuzemsk\u00e9 spot\u0159eby<\/a> a letos sv\u016fj provoz je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce omezuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n Bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 tak\u00e9 za\u0159\u00eddit, aby se \u010d\u00e1st nebo dokonce v\u0161echny n\u00e1klady vynalo\u017een\u00e9 st\u00e1tem vr\u00e1tily. St\u00e1t by je toti\u017e od dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed a firem mohl cht\u00edt zp\u00e1tky v r\u00e1mci regulovan\u00e9 slo\u017eky ceny elekt\u0159iny. Do\u010dasn\u011b zru\u0161en\u00e9 poplatky za podporovan\u00e9 zdroje energie by tak na faktur\u00e1ch vyst\u0159\u00eddaly poplatky za n\u00e1kup paliva pro elektr\u00e1rny v kapacitn\u00ed rezerv\u011b. I tak by na tom ale dom\u00e1cnosti a firmy vyd\u011blaly, proto\u017ee by jejich z\u00e1lohy a \u00fa\u010dty byly mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by se s cenami nic ned\u011blalo. Dokonce by byly men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zastropov\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed, proto\u017ee je zcela nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by st\u00e1t zastropoval ceny na pouh\u00e9 t\u0159etin\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hladiny. To by bylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9. V \u00favahu tak\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edpad\u00e1, \u017ee by st\u00e1t elekt\u0159inu zastropoval, ani\u017e by provozovatel\u016fm vykryl vzniklou ztr\u00e1tu, podobn\u00fd experiment dopadl loni v \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/a> velice o\u0161kliv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n Vyjmut\u00ed plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren z burzy (nebo z tr\u017en\u00edho mechanismu, kter\u00fd u\u010duje cenu elekt\u0159iny – pozn. Greenpeace) by nav\u00edc m\u011blo je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed efekty. Energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti by d\u00edky n\u011bmu negenerovaly mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 zisky, a tak by toto opat\u0159en\u00ed mohlo v budoucnu nahradit dnes tolik diskutovanou v\u00e1le\u010dnou da\u0148, alespo\u0148 v energetick\u00e9m sektoru. Pokud by spadla cena elekt\u0159iny na trhu, rapidn\u011b by tak\u00e9 klesla \u010d\u00e1stka, kterou energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti musej\u00ed skl\u00e1dat jako z\u00e1ruku na burze. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b maj\u00ed na burze v\u00e1zan\u00fd majetek \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v miliard\u00e1ch korun, se kter\u00fdm nemohou disponovat. Pot\u00e9, co by cena spadla, mohly by si \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto financ\u00ed st\u00e1hnout zp\u00e1tky. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee na \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto z\u00e1ruk nyn\u00ed energetick\u00fdm firm\u00e1m p\u016fj\u010duje st\u00e1t, i jemu by se t\u00edm uvolnily miliardy korun, kter\u00e9 by mohl vyu\u017e\u00edt t\u0159eba na adresnou pomoc ohro\u017een\u00fdm dom\u00e1cnostem.<\/p>\n\n Na vyjmut\u00ed plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren ze spole\u010dn\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho trhu (nebo z tr\u017en\u00edho mechanismu, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje cenu elekt\u0159iny – pozn. Greenpeace) by se musely shodnout evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 rada svolan\u00e1 ministrem S\u00edkelou k tomu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dobrou startovn\u00ed plochou. D\u00e1 se o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty (nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u011bmecko) by mohly st\u00e1t tomuto kroku v cest\u011b, proto\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed plynu hodn\u011b a tato syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 zm\u011bna by pro n\u011b nebyla tak v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 jako pro jin\u00e9. Ale i tak pro n\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prost\u00e9 zastropov\u00e1n\u00ed cen, kter\u00e9 jen generuje n\u00e1klady a nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a\u017e tak velk\u00fd efekt.<\/p>\n\n Vyjmut\u00ed plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren z burzy (nebo z tr\u017en\u00edho mechanismu, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje cenu elekt\u0159iny – pozn. Greenpeace) ov\u0161em \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jen rostouc\u00ed ceny elekt\u0159iny a nepom\u016f\u017ee t\u011bm lidem a firm\u00e1m, kte\u0159\u00ed spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00fd plyn. Cenu plynu t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem bohu\u017eel sn\u00ed\u017eit nejde, proto\u017ee nevznik\u00e1 ani na \u010desk\u00e9m, ani spole\u010dn\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m trhu.\u00a0 Ale pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it ceny elekt\u0159iny, m\u016f\u017ee se vl\u00e1da soust\u0159edit u\u017e jen na plyn a v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu jeho extr\u00e9mn\u00ed cenu kompenzovat, t\u0159eba i zastropov\u00e1n\u00edm. Dlouhodob\u011b by pak vl\u00e1da v jejich p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011bla podporovat hlavn\u011b energetick\u00e9 \u00faspory, zateplov\u00e1n\u00ed, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u0159echy a zm\u011bnu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n \u010cl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el na serveru Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ceny elekt\u0159iny, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed ned\u00edln\u011b prov\u00e1z\u00e1ny s cenou plynu, se v posledn\u00edch dnech zbl\u00e1znily a let\u00ed strm\u011b vzh\u016fru. Trend je p\u0159itom znepokojiv\u011b rostouc\u00ed. Nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee chce ministr…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":15238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-17448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17448"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17506,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17448\/revisions\/17506"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17448"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=17448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2022\/08\/5242a5a3-ceny-elektriny-srpen_22.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n