{"id":17592,"date":"2022-09-19T10:34:24","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T09:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=17592"},"modified":"2022-09-19T16:50:27","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T15:50:27","slug":"jednani-na-pude-osn-prinesly-zklamani-ale-oceany-stale-maji-nadeji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/17592\/jednani-na-pude-osn-prinesly-zklamani-ale-oceany-stale-maji-nadeji\/","title":{"rendered":"Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u016fd\u011b OSN p\u0159inesly zklam\u00e1n\u00ed, ale oce\u00e1ny st\u00e1le maj\u00ed nad\u011bji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Koncem srpna skon\u010dilo v s\u00eddle Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v New Yorku p\u00e1t\u00e9 zased\u00e1n\u00ed mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed konference o glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dohod\u011b, tedy pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9m n\u00e1stroji pro aktivity na voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch. \u00damluva m\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 umo\u017enit vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed na 30 % voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed do roku 2030. M\u011blo j\u00edt o posledn\u00ed z p\u011bti napl\u00e1novan\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed. Dvout\u00fddenn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak neskon\u010dilo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b a bylo p\u0159eru\u0161eno. P\u0159es zna\u010dn\u00fd posun v jedn\u00e1n\u00edch se ani po 15 letech od otev\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky nedok\u00e1zalo sv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed dohodnout. Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo p\u0159eru\u0161eno a je te\u010f na valn\u00e9m shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN stanovit datum pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

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Prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Greenpeace v New Yorku (c) Greenpeace <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e neboli \u201chigh seas\u201d se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed za hranicemi \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou pod kontrolou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Voln\u00e9 mo\u0159e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na hranici v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00f3ny st\u00e1tu, kter\u00e1 podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va sah\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do vzd\u00e1lenosti 200 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil (370 km) od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Voln\u00e1 mo\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161em obyvatel\u016fm planety, tedy i \u010cech\u016fm. Tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba 60 % v\u0161ech sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f. Jsou to oblasti mimo jurisdikci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, biodiverzity a stability mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e1 je nutn\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 i pro zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku z atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n

Navzdory d\u016fle\u017eitosti voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed dodnes chyb\u00ed jasn\u011b stanoven\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec jejich spr\u00e1vy, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zajistit jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1982 byla v Montego Bay na Jamajce podeps\u00e1na smlouva OSN o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu \u2013 UNCLOS. A pr\u00e1v\u011b pod hlavi\u010dkou t\u00e9to \u00famluvy se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pravidla pro ochranu a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti oblast\u00ed mimo n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jurisdikci.<\/p>\n\n

\u00damluva \u0159e\u0161\u00ed celou \u0159adu oblast\u00ed, posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 a oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed status mo\u0159sk\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, monitoring a sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro spr\u00e1vu mo\u0159\u00ed, financov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kapacit pro jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nad\u011bje v souvislosti s ochranou oce\u00e1n\u016f se up\u00edn\u00e1 k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by do roku 2030 m\u011bly pokr\u00fdt 30 % plochy voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed. Zat\u00edm je p\u0159itom chr\u00e1n\u011bno zhruba 1 %. Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 rezervace ale nebyly hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed fin\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody rozd\u011blovalo. Jedna z nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek v textu se t\u00fdkala rozd\u011blen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch zisk\u016f z rozvoje genetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch, kde nap\u0159\u00edklad farmaceutick\u00e9, chemick\u00e9 a kosmetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee najdou z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, produkty nebo l\u00e9\u010diva.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum na mo\u0159i a mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry v\u00fdsadou bohat\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed know how, vybaven\u00ed a finance na jeho realizaci. Chud\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty ale necht\u011bj\u00ed a nem\u011bly by b\u00fdt b\u00fdt vynech\u00e1ny z toho, aby m\u011bly prosp\u011bch z potencion\u00e1ln\u00edch zisk\u016f  a zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v oblastech, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161em. Obdobn\u00e9 st\u0159ety nejsou bohu\u017eel ni\u010d\u00edm neobvykl\u00fdm. Sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipomenout jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch z\u00e1vazc\u00edch v r\u00e1mci konferenc\u00ed COP,  kdy se rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e dnes poci\u0165uj\u00ed zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm, marn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159im\u011bt bohat\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, aby se pod\u00edlely na spravedliv\u00e9 kompenzaci t\u011bchto dopad\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

Neshoda nad ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v budoucnosti a velmi pomal\u00fd progres v prvn\u00edm t\u00fddnu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s p\u0159im\u011bly ud\u011blat s\u00e9ri\u00ed akc\u00ed, abychom jedn\u00e1n\u00ed urychlili. Prom\u00edtali jsme na Empire State Building a Brooklynsk\u00fd most, kontaktovali v\u011bt\u0161inu delegac\u00ed a ministr\u016f v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zem\u00edch a rozproudili ve\u0159ejnou debatu. Pomohlo to. <\/p>\n\n

Druh\u00fd t\u00fdden jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159inesl i d\u00edky na\u0161\u00edm akc\u00edm zcela jinou dynamiku. Mnoz\u00ed deleg\u00e1ti Greenpeace pod\u011bkovali za to, \u017ee jsme do diskus\u00ed vnesli pot\u0159ebnou urgentnost a a\u017e do posledn\u00edch hodin jedn\u00e1n\u00ed to vypadalo, \u017ee bychom mohli zajistit smlouvu, kterou na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny tak zoufale pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel se tak nestalo. Zat\u00edm. Krom\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, kde \u00fasp\u011bch nar\u00e1\u017eel na neochotu kompromis\u016f tzv. High Ambition koalice (EU v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR, USA, Kanada), tedy paradoxn\u011b st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 v ot\u00e1zce vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u011bm nejlep\u0161\u00edm, bylo t\u00e9matem sporu i samotn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Deleg\u00e1ti nena\u0161li shodu na procesu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed i na tom, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bude p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm nov\u00fdch aktivit na voln\u00e9m mo\u0159i provedeno po\u017eadovan\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed dopad\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Umo\u017enit vytvo\u0159en\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 do roku 2030 pokr\u00fdvat 30 % oce\u00e1n\u016f na Zemi, je p\u0159itom kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm pil\u00ed\u0159em cel\u00e9 smlouvy a podm\u00ednkou, abychom nejen byli schopni jako lidstvo chr\u00e1nit mo\u0159skou biodiverzitu, ale i \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zpomalovali i dopady klimatu. Zdrav\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny pln\u00e9 \u017eivota toti\u017e pohlcuj\u00ed nejv\u00edce p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho CO2 a tepla na planet\u011b.  <\/p>\n\n

Do jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se nav\u00edc bohu\u017eel prom\u00edtly i aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 st\u0159ety a rusk\u00e1 agrese na ukrajin\u011b. Rusko, jak jsme \u010dasto na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni kritizovali, m\u00e1 zvyk jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161emo\u017ene blokovat. I b\u011bhem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o ochran\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f se odm\u00edtalo pod\u00edlet na pokusech o kompromis s EU v \u0159ad\u011b t\u00e9mat. I toto je bohu\u017eel realita dne\u0161ka, nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 povzbudiv\u00e1, pokud si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1s do konce \u010dekaj\u00ed dv\u011b obdobn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed OSN –\u00a0 jedno o klimatu COP 26 v Egypt\u011b a druh\u00e9 o ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody do roku 2030 – Biodiverzitn\u00ed COP 15 v Kanad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

\n
P\u0159idej se ke kampani za ochranu oce\u00e1n\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

I p\u0159es v\u0161echny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ekosti, neshody a zklam\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v mnoha ohledech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v druh\u00e9m t\u00fddnu p\u0159inesla zna\u010dn\u00fd posun a pokud se obnov\u00ed co nejd\u0159\u00edve, je st\u00e1le \u0161ance, \u017ee do roku 2030 bude 30 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f chr\u00e1n\u011bno. My proto ud\u011bl\u00e1me maximum, spole\u010dn\u011b s v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a 100 tis\u00edci \u010cech\u016f a \u010ce\u0161ek, kte\u0159\u00ed podpo\u0159ili na\u0161e \u00fasil\u00ed podpisem celosv\u011btov\u00e9 petice.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Podepi\u0161 tak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvu za ochranu oce\u00e1n\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el na webu Ekolist.cz<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Koncem srpna skon\u010dilo v s\u00eddle Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v New Yorku p\u00e1t\u00e9 zased\u00e1n\u00ed mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed konference o glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dohod\u011b, tedy pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9m n\u00e1stroji pro aktivity na voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch. \u00damluva m\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":17593,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[18],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-17592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-oceany","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17592"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17598,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17592\/revisions\/17598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17592"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=17592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}