{"id":18237,"date":"2023-01-07T21:57:23","date_gmt":"2023-01-07T20:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=18237"},"modified":"2023-01-19T22:14:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T21:14:24","slug":"zacatek-ledna-prinesl-extremne-vysoke-teploty-jak-na-novy-rok-tak-po-cely-rok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/18237\/zacatek-ledna-prinesl-extremne-vysoke-teploty-jak-na-novy-rok-tak-po-cely-rok\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u010d\u00e1tek ledna p\u0159inesl extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 teploty. Jak na Nov\u00fd rok, tak po cel\u00fd rok?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nov\u00fd rok p\u0159inesl extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed nejen v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, ale v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. V Javorn\u00edku nam\u011b\u0159ili meteorologov\u00e9 v sobotu r\u00e1no 19,6 \u00b0C, co\u017e je dosud nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed lednov\u00e1 teplota nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v \u010cesku. Rekordy zaznamenalo zhruba 80 % \u010desk\u00fdch stanic. V polsk\u00e9 Var\u0161av\u011b byl dosavadn\u00ed lednov\u00fd rekord z roku 1993 p\u0159ekon\u00e1n o cel\u00fdch 5,1 \u00b0C. Jak\u00fd vliv maj\u00ed tyto nezvykle vysok\u00e9 teploty na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a energetickou infrastrukturu? A jak \u0159e\u0161it jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu?<\/p>\n\n

\"Bees
Tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed ohro\u017euje hmyz. (c) Greenpeace – Tom\u00e1\u0161 Halasz <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Na po\u010das\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a v \u010cesku m\u00e1 vliv extr\u00e9mn\u011b tepl\u00fd vzduch, kter\u00fd k n\u00e1m proud\u00ed ze severoz\u00e1padu Afriky. <\/strong>A\u010dkoli ka\u017ed\u00fd rok doch\u00e1z\u00ed b\u011bhem V\u00e1noc k r\u016fstu teploty, nikdy nedosahuj\u00ed takov\u00fdch hodnot. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed je ale jasn\u00e1 \u2013 klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna, jej\u00ed\u017e hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed projevy po\u010das\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00ed na\u0161i energetickou bezpe\u010dnost i biodiverzitu a budou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost je souhrnem mnoha faktor\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee a nemus\u00ed hr\u00e1t svou roli. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot jsou ale z\u00e1v\u011bry v\u011bdc\u016f jasn\u00e9. Ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci<\/a> profesorka Friederike Ott a doktor Ben Clarke jasn\u011b dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem je dnes intenzita a pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed u ka\u017ed\u00e9 vlny veder, k n\u00ed\u017e ve sv\u011bt\u011b dojde. Dokonce jsme sv\u011bdky i teplotn\u00edch extr\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou bez vlivu klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9, jako byly nap\u0159\u00edklad vlny veder na Sibi\u0159i v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2020. <\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00fd vliv na biodiverzitu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teploty maj\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopady na p\u0159\u00edrodu, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159ipravena na obdob\u00ed zimn\u00edho klidu. Nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teplot vede organismy k jarn\u00ed aktivit\u011b, pokud n\u00e1sledn\u011b klesne teplota, jak u\u017e te\u010f p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9, dojde nejen ke zni\u010den\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f nebo vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin dal\u0161\u00edm kveten\u00edm. Hmyz – jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u010dely – m\u016f\u017ee i rovnou uhynout.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou rychl\u00e9ho r\u016fstu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv. Spalov\u00e1n\u00edm uhl\u00ed, ropy a zemn\u00edho plynu m\u011bn\u00edme chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry, kter\u00e1 pak zachycuje v\u00edce tepla. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota v \u010cR stoupla od roku 1960 o cel\u00e9 2 \u00b0C, otepluje se tak p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2x rychleji, ne\u017e je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br<\/a>. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 politiky sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplen\u00ed o 2,4\u00b0 C do roku 2030<\/a>. Abychom sn\u00ed\u017eili negativn\u00ed dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, pot\u0159ebujeme, aby n\u00e1r\u016fst teploty nep\u0159es\u00e1hl 1,5 \u00b0C, co\u017e je i z\u00e1vazek Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohody z roku 2015, ke kter\u00e9 jsme se p\u0159ipojili. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n

Zdroj: Twitter\/Scott Duncan https:\/\/twitter.com\/ScottDuncanWX\/status\/1609643109100445701\/photo\/1<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt po relativn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed EU co nejv\u00edce ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed tak\u00e9 na dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00farovni a p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 povedou ke spln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohody.<\/p>\n\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce na \u00farovni EU je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm je podpora a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch klimaticko-energetick\u00fdch politik, ke kter\u00fdm pat\u0159\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b podpora rozvoje obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a energetick\u00fdch \u00faspor a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed produkce sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prosazena na \u010desk\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni, proto\u017ee bez spolupr\u00e1ce na \u00farovni EU takto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed transformaci nezvl\u00e1dneme. Pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u011bhl\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed v Rad\u011b EU nebylo v klimatick\u00e9 politice dostate\u010dn\u011b ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed a nepodpo\u0159ilo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie na celkov\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b EU. To se kv\u016fli st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm extr\u00e9mn\u00edm projev\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed mus\u00ed zm\u011bnit. Ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny ve st\u00e1tn\u00edch koncep\u010dn\u00edch dokumentech, jejich\u017e revize se tento rok vzhledem k nov\u00fdm socioekonomick\u00fdm, politick\u00fdm a geopolitick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na \u00farovni \u010cR – tedy do St\u00e1tn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 koncepce, Politiky ochrany klimatu a N\u00e1rodn\u00edho energeticko-klimatick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

Extr\u00e9my ohro\u017euj\u00ed na\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

V dob\u00e1ch drah\u00fdch energi\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt vysok\u00e9 teploty v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch zdrojem radosti pro spot\u0159ebitele, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, zda zvl\u00e1dnou zaplatit \u00fa\u010dty za teplo. Tento pohled je pochopiteln\u00fd, ale kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00fd. Teploty, kter\u00e9 panovaly na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku, jsou extr\u00e9m a ka\u017ed\u00fd extr\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ne\u010dekan\u011b rychle vyst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n extr\u00e9mem pr\u00e1v\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fdm. Po mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tepl\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se tak m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010dkat mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho ochlazen\u00ed. Proto je t\u0159eba extr\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna \u010delit, i z d\u016fvod\u016f energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Bezm\u00e1la dvacetistup\u0148ov\u00e9 teploty nad nulou se toti\u017e velmi rychle mohou prom\u011bnit ve dvacetistup\u0148ov\u00e9 mrazy a zp\u016fsobit kolaps energetiky. Uheln\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdniny v \u010ceskoslovensku v roce 1979 n\u00e1sledovaly p\u0159esn\u011b v situaci, kdy na zimu nezvykle vysok\u00e9 teploty a vydatn\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b vyst\u0159\u00eddalo skokov\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 zmrazilo vodou nacucan\u00e9 uhl\u00ed. Takovou kalamitu \u010cesko nepamatuje des\u00edtky let, ale t\u0159eba ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech k podobn\u00fdm situac\u00edm do\u0161lo kv\u016fli rozkol\u00edsan\u00e9mu klimatu v minul\u00fdch letech n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. A nap\u0159\u00edklad v Texasu do\u0161lo kv\u016fli sn\u011bhov\u00e9 bou\u0159i a n\u00edzk\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m v roce 2021 ke katastrofick\u00e9mu sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i, kdy musely b\u00fdt kv\u016fli nedostatku elekt\u0159iny od s\u00edt\u011b odpojov\u00e1ny i dom\u00e1cnosti a firmy – bez proudu se ocitlo na 4,5 milionu odb\u011brn\u00fdch m\u00edst. V\u00fdsledkem t\u00e9to krize byly mimo jin\u00e9 stovky mrtv\u00fdch. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Texas se rozhodl b\u00fdt v energetice ostrovn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm na zbytku americk\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy, nemohl si elekt\u0159inu v kritick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed dov\u00e9zt odjinud.<\/p>\n\n

I proto je t\u0159eba zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi teplotami \u010delit nejen dostate\u010dn\u011b ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed klimatickou politikou, ale i budov\u00e1n\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 energetiky a spoluprac\u00ed v r\u00e1mci EU, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my plynouc\u00ed z teplotn\u00edch extr\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159ekonat.\u0160imon Hauser<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd rok p\u0159inesl extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed nejen v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, ale v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. V Javorn\u00edku nam\u011b\u0159ili meteorologov\u00e9 v sobotu r\u00e1no 19,6 \u00b0C, co\u017e je dosud nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed lednov\u00e1 teplota nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v \u010cesku. Rekordy zaznamenalo zhruba 80 % \u010desk\u00fdch stanic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":18238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-18237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18237"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18242,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18237\/revisions\/18242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18237"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=18237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}