{"id":18334,"date":"2023-02-02T08:49:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T07:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=18334"},"modified":"2023-02-07T09:00:15","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T08:00:15","slug":"rozloha-niv-a-mokradu-klesla-o-80-jejich-vyznam-pro-biologickou-pestrost-je-zasadni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/18334\/rozloha-niv-a-mokradu-klesla-o-80-jejich-vyznam-pro-biologickou-pestrost-je-zasadni\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozloha niv a mok\u0159ad\u016f klesla o 80 %, jejich v\u00fdznam pro biologickou pestrost je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mok\u0159ady jsou unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. Poskytuj\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u00fakryt pro mnoho druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jinde nemohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Proto jsou tyto vodn\u00ed plochy jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity. Druh\u00e9ho \u00fanora si ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me Sv\u011btov\u00fd den mok\u0159ad\u016f. Dnes jsou ale tyto unik\u00e1tn\u00ed oblasti v ohro\u017een\u00ed a jejich plocha miz\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b rychleji ne\u017e plocha les\u016f. Mok\u0159ady jsou p\u0159itom d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, filtruj\u00ed vodn\u00ed zdroje, funguj\u00ed jako z\u00e1sob\u00e1rny vody, chr\u00e1n\u00ed krajinu p\u0159ed lij\u00e1ky a povodn\u011bmi, udr\u017euj\u00ed biologickou rozmanitost a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed uhl\u00edk.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Biodiverzita mok\u0159ad\u016f je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 pro cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, nebo\u0165 udr\u017euje rovnov\u00e1hu mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi druhy a zaji\u0161\u0165uje zdroje potravy pro mnoho \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ryb, pt\u00e1k\u016f a savc\u016f. Mok\u0159ady tak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako filtr pro \u010dist\u011bn\u00ed vody a reguluj\u00ed klima a vodn\u00ed toky v oblasti. Mok\u0159ady jsou v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch ohro\u017eeny kv\u016fli lidsk\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m, jako je t\u011b\u017eba surovin, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a stavba infrastruktury. Tyto aktivity zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod, ztr\u00e1tu p\u016fdy a omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu pro \u017eivo\u010dichy, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed biodiverzity mok\u0159ad\u016f. Od roku 1970 do\u0161lo k degradaci nebo z\u00e1niku v\u00edce ne\u017e 35 % mok\u0159ad\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a tento \u00fabytek se st\u00e1le zrychluje. V \u010cesku se celkov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b  zkr\u00e1tila o 30 %, plocha niv a mok\u0159ad\u016f se v tuzemsku pak sn\u00ed\u017eila o z\u00e1vrtan\u00fdch 80 %. O v\u00edce jak dv\u011b t\u0159etiny  tak\u00e9 klesla od 17. stolet\u00ed rozloha rybn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

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Mok\u0159ady Pantanal v Braz\u00edlii (c) Greenpeace – Markus Mauthe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

C\u00edlem Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne mok\u0159ad\u016f je zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti o tom, jak moc mok\u0159ady prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed lidstvu a planet\u011b, a podpo\u0159it opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 povedou k jejich ochran\u011b, rozumn\u00e9mu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a obnov\u011b. Leto\u0161n\u00ed t\u00e9ma zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nal\u00e9havou pot\u0159ebu up\u0159ednostnit obnovu mok\u0159ad\u016f a vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k tomu, aby lidstvo podniklo kroky k o\u017eiven\u00ed a obnov\u011b degradovan\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f. T\u00e9ma ochrany mok\u0159ad\u016f navazuje na \u00fasil\u00ed o ozdraven\u00ed planety, kter\u00e9 prosazuje Dek\u00e1da obnovy ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f OSN. Tato celosv\u011btov\u00e1 iniciativa, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edh\u00e1 v letech 2021-2030, poskytuje inspiraci pro obnovu ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Mok\u0159ady maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro \u017eivot na Zemi, proto\u017ee v nich \u017eije v\u00edce ne\u017e 125 500 druh\u016f z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na sladk\u00e9 vod\u011b. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ekosyst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u016f\u010di zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 mok\u0159ady, v\u010detn\u011b kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f, mangrovov\u00fdch porost\u016f, ba\u017ein a mok\u0159ad\u016f ve vysok\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch a vysokohorsk\u00fdch oblastech, jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ohro\u017eeny. Vnitrozemsk\u00e9 sladkovodn\u00ed mok\u0159ady budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ovlivn\u011bny vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi teplotami a zm\u011bnami sr\u00e1\u017eek a \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi nebo intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi suchy, p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi de\u0161ti a povodn\u011bmi. Mok\u0159ady, kter\u00e9 jsou siln\u011b pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 nebo degradovan\u00e9, mohou b\u00fdt v\u016f\u010di zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu je\u0161t\u011b citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

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Aktivista Greenpeace dokumentuje ni\u010den\u00ed mok\u0159ad\u016f kv\u016fli plant\u00e1\u017e\u00edm palmy olejn\u00e9 v Indon\u00e9sii.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Adaptace na zm\u011bnu klimatu a z\u00e1sob\u00e1rna uhl\u00edku<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Mok\u0159ady mohou hr\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edstupu k adaptaci na zm\u011bnu klimatu, proto\u017ee zachycuj\u00ed a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed uhl\u00edk a sn\u00ed\u017euj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady zm\u011bny klimatu, jako jsou povodn\u011b, bou\u0159kov\u00e9 vlny a zaplavov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Jednou z \u00faloh, kterou mok\u0159ady pln\u00ed, je zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku. Mok\u0159ady jsou jedny z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f uhl\u00edku na Zemi. Odhaduje se, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etina sv\u011btov\u00e9ho suchozemsk\u00e9ho uhl\u00edku je obsa\u017een\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v mok\u0159adech. Jejich ni\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 \u010dasto za n\u00e1sledek velk\u00e9 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry. Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN a Ramsarsk\u00e1 \u00famluva zaznamenaly potenci\u00e1l pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f s „modr\u00fdm uhl\u00edkem“ (mangrovy, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 tr\u00e1va a slaniska), kter\u00e9 mohou hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n\n

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5 nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f pro zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku (c) University of Southern Denmark<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Biologick\u00e1 rozmanitost a ochrana p\u0159ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Vnitrozemsk\u00e9 mok\u0159ady v z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch oblastech \u010di v bl\u00edzkosti \u0159ek, jezer a ba\u017ein, funguj\u00ed jako houby – absorbuj\u00ed a zadr\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a sni\u017euj\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e9 vlny. V obdob\u00ed sucha v such\u00fdch oblastech poskytuj\u00ed mok\u0159ady \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm \u017eivo\u010dich\u016fm a z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed vodou obce a dobytek. Kdy\u017e pr\u0161\u00ed a vody je dost, tak ji nasaj\u00ed a zadr\u017e\u00ed. V obdob\u00ed beze sr\u00e1\u017eek vodu pomalu uvol\u0148uj\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tak p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vlhk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k \u017eivotu. Pod\u00edlej\u00ed se tak na kolob\u011bhu vody v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, udr\u017euj\u00ed vodu v krajin\u011b, p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed podneb\u00ed velk\u00fdm v\u00fdparem.Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed mok\u0159adn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a koridor\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje rostlin\u00e1m a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016fm z\u00e1visl\u00fdm na mok\u0159adech p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a p\u0159esunout se do nov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

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Mok\u0159ady v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii ohro\u017euje t\u011b\u017eba a\u00a0doprava uhl\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed mok\u0159ady, jako jsou mangrovy, slan\u00e9 ba\u017einy, porosty mo\u0159sk\u00e9 tr\u00e1vy a kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy, funguj\u00ed jako tlumi\u010de dopad\u016f extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed. Sni\u017euj\u00ed intenzitu vln a bou\u0159kov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edval\u016f, chr\u00e1n\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ed z\u00e1plavami a sni\u017euj\u00ed \u0161kody na majetku a ztr\u00e1tu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro pt\u00e1ky, ryby, kor\u00fd\u0161e a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy, jako jsou \u017eelvy \u010di dugongov\u00e9. Ko\u0159eny mok\u0159adn\u00edch rostlin tak\u00e9 stabilizuj\u00ed b\u0159ehy a b\u0159ehy vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a sni\u017euj\u00ed erozi. <\/p>\n\n

Dopady po\u0161kozen\u00ed mok\u0159ad\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Pokud jsou mok\u0159ady odvodn\u011bny, vyp\u00e1leny nebo vyk\u00e1ceny, uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9ry po stalet\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fd uhl\u00edk, a t\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b prohlubuj\u00ed sou\u010dasnou klimatickou krizi. Emise oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z odvodn\u011bn\u00fdch a vyp\u00e1len\u00fdch ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 se p\u0159itom rovnaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 % celosv\u011btov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch emis\u00ed z fosiln\u00edch paliv.<\/p>\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el na platform\u011b Seznam M\u00e9dium<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mok\u0159ady jsou unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. Poskytuj\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u00fakryt pro mnoho druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jinde nemohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Proto jsou tyto vodn\u00ed plochy jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":18335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17,18],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-18334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","tag-oceany","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18334"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18346,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18334\/revisions\/18346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18334"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=18334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}