{"id":19307,"date":"2023-08-28T11:10:32","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T10:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=19307"},"modified":"2023-08-28T14:21:35","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T13:21:35","slug":"z-historie-greenpeace-jak-jsme-preleteli-berlinskou-zed-abychom-protestovali-proti-jadernym-zbranim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/19307\/z-historie-greenpeace-jak-jsme-preleteli-berlinskou-zed-abychom-protestovali-proti-jadernym-zbranim\/","title":{"rendered":"Z historie Greenpeace: jak jsme p\u0159elet\u011bli berl\u00ednskou ze\u010f, abychom protestovali proti jadern\u00fdm zbran\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Na protest proti testov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed se 28. srpna 1983 dva aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace pustili do riskantn\u00ed akce: s horkovzdu\u0161n\u00fdm bal\u00f3nem p\u0159elet\u011bli nad Berl\u00ednskou zd\u00ed ze Z\u00e1padn\u00edho do V\u00fdchodn\u00edho Berl\u00edna. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edk akce Gerd Leipold, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel Greenpeace N\u011bmecko, vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, jak prob\u011bhla tato odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 a unik\u00e1tn\u00ed akce, za kterou jej\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm hrozil i trest smrti.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Pohrani\u010dn\u00edci sledovali balon Greenpeace z pozorovac\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi. (c) Greenpeace – Ali Paczensky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nejl\u00e9pe zabezpe\u010denou a nejst\u0159e\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vojenskou hranic\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Lid\u00e9 byli p\u0159i pokusech o jej\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed z v\u00fdchodu na z\u00e1pad st\u0159\u00edleni. Neb\u00e1li jste se?<\/strong>
Ne, ani ne. Bylo to d\u00e1no i t\u00edm, \u017ee balon je n\u011bco velmi p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho a m\u00edrumilovn\u00e9ho. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed na n\u011bj reaguje pozitivn\u011b, to jsme za\u017eili p\u0159i tr\u00e9ninku. A pak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b n\u00e1\u0161 t\u00fdm ihned po startu obvolal v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v z\u00e1padn\u00edm i v\u00fdchodn\u00edm N\u011bmecku. Vlastn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obavy jsem m\u011bl z toho, abychom p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b nep\u0159ekro\u010dili rozpo\u010det. Ale m\u011bli jsme \u00fakol: Byli jsme p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee akce je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, a byli jsme p\u0159ipraveni kv\u016fli n\u00ed riskovat.<\/p>\n\n

Jak\u00fd byl v\u00e1\u0161 c\u00edl?<\/strong>
Kampa\u0148 Greenpeace vyz\u00fdvala ke zru\u0161en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech jadern\u00fdch test\u016f. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b to byla jedna z na\u0161ich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kampan\u00ed. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee lid\u00e9 u\u017e si zvykli a zapomn\u011bli, \u017ee V\u00fdchod i Z\u00e1pad st\u00e1le testuj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b s katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky. Cht\u011bli jsme na to ve\u0159ejnost upozornit. Berl\u00edn byl jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde jsme mohli sv\u00fdm poselstv\u00edm oslovit \u010dty\u0159i jadern\u00e9 mocnosti sou\u010dasn\u011b. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo toti\u017e m\u011bsto st\u00e1le form\u00e1ln\u011b pod kontrolou \u010dty\u0159 st\u00e1t\u016f: Francie, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a USA. A na rozd\u00edl od m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 bylo rozd\u011bleno, mocnosti kontrolovaly vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Vzl\u00e9tli jste z fotbalov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b. P\u0159edt\u00edm jste se ale pr\u00fd vyd\u011bsili, proto\u017ee jste nemohli naj\u00edt dod\u00e1vku s horkovzdu\u0161n\u00fdm balonem\u2026<\/strong>
Ano, n\u00e1\u0161 \u0159idi\u010d ji v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch dnech r\u016fzn\u011b p\u0159emis\u0165oval po m\u011bst\u011b, aby si j\u00ed nikdo nev\u0161iml. A kdy\u017e \u0161lo do tuh\u00e9ho, nemohl ji zprvu naj\u00edt. To ukazuje, v jak\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed jsme v\u0161ichni byli. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl Berl\u00edn m\u011bstem s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem \u0161pion\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. B\u00e1li jsme se, \u017ee n\u011bkdo n\u011bco o na\u0161ich pl\u00e1nech zjist\u00ed a \u017ee n\u00e1m n\u011bco akci p\u0159ekaz\u00ed. To se na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nestalo. Z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f jsme na vzlet pozvali jen n\u011bkolik z\u00e1stupc\u016f m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

A pak u\u017e v\u00e1s v\u00edtr nesl k berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi…<\/strong>
Ano, kdy\u017e jsme se bl\u00ed\u017eili k hranici, n\u00e1\u0161 pilot John nechal balon pro jistotu vylet\u011bt trochu v\u00fd\u0161. Pohrani\u010dn\u00edci n\u00e1s v\u0161ak pouze pozorovali dalekohledem a nic neud\u011blali. Dodnes nev\u00edm, jestli u\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byli o akci informov\u00e1ni, nebo ne. <\/p>\n\n

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\u00da\u010dastn\u00edk akce Gerd Leipold na sn\u00edmku z roku 2013 (c) Greenpeace – Andreas Schoelzel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Je pravda, \u017ee se britsk\u00fd aktivista John Sprange nau\u010dil l\u00e9tat s balonem speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro tuto akci?<\/strong>
Ano, John byl vy\u0161kolen\u00fd kormideln\u00edk britsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. A m\u011bl tak\u00e9 velk\u00fd talent pro pilotov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak\u017ee p\u0159evzal tuto \u010d\u00e1st, zat\u00edmco j\u00e1 jsem m\u011bl na starosti komunikaci s berl\u00ednsk\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm letov\u00e9ho provozu. Ani jeden z n\u00e1s nem\u011bl pilotn\u00ed pr\u016fkaz. Ale to by na tom nic nezm\u011bnilo, proto\u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo v cel\u00e9m Berl\u00edn\u011b stejn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no soukrom\u011b l\u00e9tat.<\/p>\n\n

Co se pak stalo?<\/strong>
P\u0159elet\u011bli jsme Berl\u00edn bez dal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a klesali jsme na poli. Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1m kolemjdouc\u00ed lid\u00e9 d\u00e1vali znamen\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1me znovu vzl\u00e9tnout. Mysleli si, \u017ee se v balonu sna\u017e\u00edme ut\u00e9ct z v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka, a cht\u011bli n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jsme st\u00e1le na V\u00fdchod\u011b. Pak se ale rychle p\u0159esunuli d\u00e1l. Po p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed jsme je\u0161t\u011b chv\u00edli z\u016fstali v ko\u0161i balonu, proto\u017ee jinak by balon odlet\u011bl. Po n\u011bkolika minut\u00e1ch p\u0159i\u0161li v\u00fdchodon\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00edci a nam\u00ed\u0159ili na n\u00e1s pu\u0161ky. Pak n\u00e1s odvedla lidov\u00e1 policie.<\/p>\n\n

Neb\u00e1l jste se, \u017ee budete muset j\u00edt ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm N\u011bmecku do v\u011bzen\u00ed?<\/strong>
Ve skute\u010dnosti jsme byli p\u0159ipraveni na to, \u017ee budeme muset j\u00edt na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nebo t\u00fddn\u016f do v\u011bzen\u00ed. A pak bychom mohli t\u00e9ma testov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed n\u011bjakou dobu dr\u017eet v centru pozornosti. Ale byli jsme pouze vyslechnuti na policejn\u00ed stanici K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen a po t\u0159ech hodin\u00e1ch n\u00e1s odvezli p\u0159\u00edmo na hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echod Friedrichstra\u00dfe. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm N\u011bmecku jsme nem\u011bli strach z dlouh\u00e9ho v\u011bzen\u00ed. M\u011bli jsme za z\u00e1dy Greenpeace jako velkou organizaci. A za druh\u00e9 by to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebylo v politick\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka, co\u017e se nakonec potvrdilo.<\/p>\n\n

Jak reagoval Z\u00e1pad?<\/strong>
Tam jsme m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Paradoxn\u011b ne kv\u016fli letu samotn\u00e9mu, ale kv\u016fli balonu. Proto\u017ee Berl\u00edn byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1le ofici\u00e1ln\u011b v re\u017eimu \u201cokupovan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta\u201d, bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no vn\u00e1\u0161et do n\u011bj jakoukoli „v\u00e1le\u010dnou techniku“. To zahrnovalo v\u0161echno, co l\u00e9talo, v\u010detn\u011b na\u0161eho balonu, tak\u017ee n\u00e1s proto vy\u0161et\u0159ovalo berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed. Za n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho hrozilo obvin\u011bn\u00ed, kde nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm trestem byl trest smrti. Nakonec byl ale p\u0159\u00edpad odlo\u017een a my jsme museli zaplatit pokutu. O n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji  jsme pak dostali balon od v\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f zp\u011bt v\u00fdm\u011bnou za 8523 z\u00e1padn\u00edch marek na pokryt\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravu.<\/p>\n\n

Dos\u00e1hla akce sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle?<\/strong>
Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho c\u00edle, tedy dostat protest proti testov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed do m\u00e9di\u00ed, jsme ur\u010dit\u011b dos\u00e1hli. Fotografie balonu nad berl\u00ednskou zd\u00ed oblet\u011bly cel\u00fd sv\u011bt a ur\u010dit\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bly k tomu, \u017ee testy jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed byly nakonec zastaveny. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 takov\u00e1 akce je jenom sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cel\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. Ale spole\u010dn\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eeme n\u011bco zm\u011bnit. <\/p>\n\n

Jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b st\u00e1le nejsou zru\u0161eny. Kv\u016fli \u00fatoku na Ukrajinu je mnoz\u00ed dokonce pova\u017euj\u00ed za nezbytn\u00e9 k udr\u017een\u00ed dikt\u00e1tor\u016f, jako je Putin, pod kontrolou. Jak se na to d\u00edv\u00e1te vy?<\/strong>
Dikt\u00e1to\u0159i jsou naopak dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem pro \u00fapln\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. V\u017edy\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli jadern\u00fdm zbran\u00edm je rusk\u00fd prezident mnohem nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, m\u00e9n\u011b funguje aspekt odstra\u0161en\u00ed a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00e1 zem\u011b jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b pou\u017eije, se zvy\u0161uje. K pou\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed jeden dikt\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd u\u017e nem\u00e1 co ztratit, a \u010dek\u00e1 n\u00e1s ni\u010div\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se bohu\u017eel nepoda\u0159ilo zru\u0161it v\u0161echny jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, jak jsme tehdy po\u017eadovali, aby byl sv\u011bt bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Jste s Johnem v kontaktu i dnes?<\/strong>
Ano, jsem kmotr jeho dcery a ned\u00e1vno jsem ho nav\u0161t\u00edvil v Anglii. Dodnes je to m\u016fj nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na protest proti testov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed se 28. srpna 1983 dva aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace pustili do riskantn\u00ed akce: s horkovzdu\u0161n\u00fdm bal\u00f3nem p\u0159elet\u011bli nad Berl\u00ednskou zd\u00ed ze Z\u00e1padn\u00edho do V\u00fdchodn\u00edho Berl\u00edna. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edk…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":19308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[29,13,24,28],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-19307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-nenasilne-protesty","tag-o-greenpeace","tag-aktivni-spolecnost","tag-uspechy","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19307"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19311,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19307\/revisions\/19311"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19307"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=19307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}