{"id":19472,"date":"2023-10-04T12:04:37","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T11:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=19472"},"modified":"2023-10-04T12:04:42","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T11:04:42","slug":"musime-prestat-kacet-stare-lesy-kvuli-biodiverzite-a-klimatu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/19472\/musime-prestat-kacet-stare-lesy-kvuli-biodiverzite-a-klimatu\/","title":{"rendered":"Mus\u00edme p\u0159estat k\u00e1cet star\u00e9 lesy. Kv\u016fli biodiverzit\u011b a klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lesy star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 120 let jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z hlediska biodiverzity, nebo\u0165 v nich nach\u00e1z\u00ed domov mnoho vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch druh\u016f. Kdy\u017e se v nich omez\u00ed z\u00e1sahy \u010dlov\u011bka a nech\u00e1 se les b\u00fdt, biodiverzita bude nar\u016fstat. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 stromy, kter\u00e9 v t\u011bchto les\u00edch rostou, maj\u00ed p\u0159ed sebou je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00fd \u017eivot a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed na objemu a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed spoustu uhl\u00edku. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ochrana biodiverzity a klimatick\u00e1 krize jsou dva hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody, pro\u010d bychom m\u011bli star\u00e9 lesy p\u0159estat k\u00e1cet.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

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Bu\u010diny v Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch (c) Greenpeace – Petr Zewlakk Vrabec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Obrovsk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem \u010ceska je, \u017ee po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nev\u00ed, kde star\u00e9 lesy p\u0159ekypuj\u00edc\u00ed biodiverzitou \u010di lesy s potenci\u00e1lem plnit funkci star\u00fdch les\u016f m\u00e1, nato\u017e aby je chr\u00e1nilo. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech – jako u unik\u00e1tn\u00edch bu\u010din v Evropsky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 lokalit\u011b V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Kru\u0161noho\u0159\u00ed – sice ministerstvo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jde o old-growth forest, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebuje ochranu i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed a jeho\u017e ochrana je zakotvena i v Evropsk\u00e9 strategii pro biodiverzitu, p\u0159esto zde v minulosti opakovan\u011b doch\u00e1zelo k holose\u010d\u00edm<\/a>, vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u016fvodn\u00edch d\u0159evin<\/a> a ileg\u00e1ln\u00edmu k\u00e1cen\u00ed bez povolen\u00ed<\/a>. V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zde ileg\u00e1ln\u011b a bez povolen\u00ed k\u00e1cely i Lesy \u010cR<\/a>. A p\u0159esto, \u017ee cel\u00e1 oblast je zapsan\u00e1 v evropsk\u00e9 s\u00edti chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Natura 2000, v o\u010d\u00edch Les\u016f \u010cR jde st\u00e1le jen o hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd les, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 i skand\u00e1ln\u00ed citace gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele Dalibora \u0160afa\u0159\u00edka p\u0159i vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed u Oseka<\/a>: \u201cNebude se tady v\u016fbec zasahovat, i kdy\u017e jsme v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m lese.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, \u017ee Lesy \u010cR p\u0159estanou k\u00e1cet na 250 hektarech star\u00fdch kru\u0161nohorsk\u00fdch bu\u010din<\/a>, zn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled l\u00edbiv\u011b. Je ale t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee 150 hektar\u016f m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ve zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblastech, kde by t\u011b\u017ebu d\u0159eva \u00fa\u0159ady stejn\u011b nepovolily, a jen 100 hektar\u016f v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Evropsky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 lokality, kter\u00e1 dosud nem\u00e1 od \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f zaji\u0161t\u011bnou \u017e\u00e1dnou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ochranu<\/a>, a nav\u00edc jen v obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00fdch svaz\u00edch, kam je slo\u017eit\u00e9 dostat t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed techniku. A je\u0161t\u011b k tomu se v tu samou chv\u00edli Lesy \u010cR br\u00e1n\u00ed proti z\u00e1kazu k\u00e1cen\u00ed na 1200 hektarech les\u016f star\u0161\u00edch 120 let, kter\u00fd jim ulo\u017eil \u00dasteck\u00fd kraj<\/a>, tak\u017ee t\u011bch sl\u00edben\u00fdch 250 hektar\u016f bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed je vlastn\u011b jen sprost\u00fd greenwashing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159esto jsou na tom bu\u010diny v Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch je\u0161t\u011b dob\u0159e v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010desk\u00fdmi star\u00fdmi lesy – nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017dd\u00e1nick\u00fd les na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b se Ministerstvu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na seznam Natura 2000 nikdy dostat nepoda\u0159ilo<\/a>, p\u0159esto\u017ee to zkou\u0161elo opakovan\u011b a p\u0159esto\u017ee je to jedin\u00e1 lokalita v \u010cR, kter\u00e1 byla do seznamu navr\u017eena pro ochranu panonsk\u00fdch dubohab\u0159in. Poda\u0159ilo se zav\u00e9st ochranu jen na zlomku navrhovan\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed – a\u017e po n\u00e1tlaku Evropsk\u00e9 komise<\/a> vznikla Evropsky v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 lokalita Dambo\u0159ick\u00fd les<\/a>, jej\u00ed ochrana je ale jen form\u00e1ln\u00ed a v re\u00e1lu miziv\u00e1, podobn\u011b jako u velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti bu\u010din v Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st nejhodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed \u017dd\u00e1nick\u00e9ho lesa st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v re\u017eimu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho parku, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jen krajinn\u00fd r\u00e1z, nikoli ochranu biodiverzity. A Lesy \u010cR zde proto nyn\u00ed mohou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b k\u00e1cet rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 porosty, a vytv\u00e1\u0159et tak na sebe navazuj\u00edc\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 paseky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

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Masivn\u00ed k\u00e1cen\u00ed ve \u017dd\u00e1nick\u00e9m lese (c) Greenpeace – Majda Sl\u00e1mov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Pokud tedy chceme ochr\u00e1nit ty nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lesy s vysokou m\u00edrou biodiverzity, k jejich\u017e ochran\u011b se \u010cesko zav\u00e1zalo ve strategick\u00fdch dokumentech EU, je pot\u0159eba zastavit okam\u017eit\u011b k\u00e1cen\u00ed ve v\u0161ech star\u00fdch les\u00edch, abychom je mohli zmapovat a za\u010d\u00edt ty nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trvale chr\u00e1nit v bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9m re\u017eimu a ty nejm\u00e9n\u011b cenn\u00e9 spravovat p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdm hospoda\u0159en\u00edm. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Konec k\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u0161ech les\u016f star\u0161\u00edch 120 let m\u00e1 velk\u00fd smysl i z hlediska ochrany klimatu. Star\u00e9 lesy jsou skv\u011bl\u00fdm spojencem ve snaze zpomalit prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed klimatickou krizi, proto\u017ee stromy v nich v\u00e1\u017eou velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku. K\u00e1cen\u00edm les\u016f, zm\u011bnami ve vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy a jej\u00edm obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm naopak vznikaj\u00ed emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. \u010cesk\u00e9 lesy a\u017e doned\u00e1vna zachycovaly v\u00edce uhl\u00edku, ne\u017e kolik ho vypou\u0161t\u011bly. Po dlouh\u00e9m such\u00e9m obdob\u00ed a po k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamit\u011b jsme v\u0161ak o velkou \u010d\u00e1st les\u016f p\u0159i\u0161li, situace se obr\u00e1tila a \u010desk\u00e9 lesy jsou jedin\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nev\u00e1\u017eou tolik uhl\u00edku, kolik ho uvoln\u00ed.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

I proto se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b objevuj\u00ed i r\u016fzn\u00e9 iniciativy k s\u00e1zen\u00ed strom\u016f a k masivn\u00edmu zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na tom samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud na m\u00edst\u011b jednodruhov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee vyk\u00e1cen\u00e9 kv\u016fli k\u016frovci vznik\u00e1 druhov\u011b pestr\u00fd les. Jen\u017ee jak upozor\u0148uje nap\u0159\u00edklad profesor Jakub Hru\u0161ka z Akademie v\u011bd<\/a>, vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f n\u00e1s nyn\u00ed p\u0159ed klimatickou kriz\u00ed nezachr\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee u les\u016f trv\u00e1 dlouho, ne\u017e za\u010dnou zachycovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku. <\/p>\n\n

\u201cMohli bychom v\u00edc zales\u0148ovat dne\u0161n\u00ed louky a pole. Jen\u017ee i tak je efekt velmi mal\u00fd, proto\u017ee, jak jsme s kolegy vypo\u010detli v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studii, i t\u0159eba p\u016fl milionu hektar\u016f zcela nov\u00fdch les\u016f (to je cca. 7 % rozlohy \u010cR) by v roce 2050 fixovalo jen 5 % dne\u0161n\u00edch emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f \u010cR,\u201d p\u00ed\u0161e Hru\u0161ka. Naopak vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k ochran\u011b star\u00fdch les\u016f nad 120 let a p\u0159echodu na nepase\u010dn\u00e9, v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed tak, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u00faniku CO2 z obna\u017een\u00fdch p\u016fd.<\/p>\n\n

Pokud chceme, aby \u010desk\u00e9 lesy zachycovaly dostatek uhl\u00edku a \u010cesko plnilo sv\u00e9 c\u00edle v tzv. oblasti LULUCF (oblast vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, zm\u011bn ve vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a lesnictv\u00ed), mus\u00edme okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159estat s masivn\u00edm k\u00e1cen\u00edm ve v\u0161ech star\u00fdch les\u00edch. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A nejde po\u017eadavek konce k\u00e1cen\u00ed ve v\u0161ech les\u00edch star\u0161\u00edch 120 let proti po\u017eadavku na p\u0159em\u011bnu  st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch stejnov\u011bk\u00fdch monokulturn\u00edch nebo druhov\u011b chud\u00fdch les\u016f na lesy v\u016f\u010di klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a druhov\u011b pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed? Nikoli. Les\u016f star\u0161\u00edch 120 let je nyn\u00ed jen 9 % v\u0161ech porost\u016f a jejich p\u0159em\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat samovoln\u011b t\u00edm, jak se postupn\u011b budou obnovovat. Ve v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch porostech lze nav\u00edc p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b sm\u011brem k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a zodpov\u011bdn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje sladit c\u00edl ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a biodiverzity a pot\u0159ebu adaptace na zm\u011bnu klimatu a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f, napom\u00e1hat.<\/p>\n\n

Les\u016f monokulturn\u00edch a druhov\u011b chud\u00fdch les\u016f (t\u0159eba tolik prokl\u00ednan\u00fdch smrkov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na nevhodn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch), kter\u00e9 jsou star\u0161\u00ed 120 let, zbylo po k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamit\u011b naprost\u00e9 minimum. I v takov\u00fdch les\u00edch si v\u0161ak lze za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159edstavit aktivn\u00ed management sm\u011brem k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odolnosti, pestrosti a biodiverzit\u011b. <\/p>\n\n

V sou\u010dasnosti ale m\u016f\u017ee vlastn\u00edk star\u00e9ho lesa plo\u0161n\u011b a holose\u010dn\u011b k\u00e1cet, nechat uvolnit CO2 z p\u016fdy, vys\u00e1zet m\u00edsto star\u00fdch strom\u016f sazenice a je\u0161t\u011b tomu \u0159\u00edkat obnova lesa a ozna\u010dovat to za \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 krize. A takhle to prost\u011b d\u00e1l nejde.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lesy star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 120 let jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z hlediska biodiverzity, nebo\u0165 v nich nach\u00e1z\u00ed domov mnoho vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch druh\u016f. Kdy\u017e se v nich omez\u00ed z\u00e1sahy \u010dlov\u011bka a nech\u00e1 se les b\u00fdt,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":19473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-19472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19472"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19474,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19472\/revisions\/19474"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19472"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=19472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}