{"id":19740,"date":"2023-12-01T11:06:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T10:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=19740"},"modified":"2023-12-05T09:51:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T08:51:07","slug":"cop28-kdy-se-dockame-konce-ery-ropnych-gigantu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/19740\/cop28-kdy-se-dockame-konce-ery-ropnych-gigantu\/","title":{"rendered":"COP28: Kdy se do\u010dk\u00e1me konce \u00e9ry ropn\u00fdch gigant\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sv\u011bt \u010del\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b v\u00a0historii. L\u00edd\u0159i na COP28\u00a0mus\u00ed ukon\u010dit \u00e9ru ropn\u00fdch a\u00a0plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0161kod\u00ed planet\u011b a\u00a0odm\u00edtaj\u00ed za to n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Na konferenci COP28, kter\u00e1 se kon\u00e1 od 30. listopadu do 12. prosince ve Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech, se sv\u011btov\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed, aby diskutovali a jednali o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bny klimatu. Hlavn\u00ed agenda leto\u0161n\u00edho summitu se zam\u011b\u0159uje na financov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch a hodnocen\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody. Fond pro ztr\u00e1ty a \u0161kody dohodnut\u00fd loni v Egypt\u011b, p\u0159edstavuje krok sm\u011brem k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed podpory zem\u00edm, kter\u00e9 nejv\u00edce ohro\u017euj\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Av\u0161ak ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f a p\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u016f st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli kategorizaci zem\u00ed a nejasn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010c\u00edny k fondu.<\/p>\n\n

Co m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat od leto\u0161n\u00ed konference?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Financov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch, p\u0159esto\u017ee bylo z\u00e1vazn\u011b p\u0159isl\u00edbeno vysp\u011bl\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nedostate\u010dn\u00e9. \u010cesko se zav\u00e1zalo poskytnout<\/a> v letech 2024\u20132027 \u010d\u00e1stku ve v\u00fd\u0161i 4 miliony dolar\u016f. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed inventura, kter\u00e1 poskytuje p\u0159ehled o pln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody, nazna\u010duje v prvn\u00edm reportu ze z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, pokud m\u00e1 lidstvo udr\u017eet oteplen\u00ed pod 1,5 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n

Napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f bude p\u0159edm\u011btem revize, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b s ohledem na nov\u00e9 ambice vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z bal\u00ed\u010dku Fit for 55. Summit se rovn\u011b\u017e zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku ukon\u010den\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv a diskusi o dosa\u017een\u00ed ztrojn\u00e1soben\u00ed kapacity obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti do roku 2030. Definice glob\u00e1ln\u00edho c\u00edle pro adaptaci na zm\u011bny klimatu bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a dohodu. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee summit p\u0159inese ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o narovn\u00e1n\u00ed bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f v oblasti ochrany klimatu mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou, co\u017e m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam vzhledem k jejich v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty jako hostitelsk\u00e1 zem\u011b poskytnou prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dialog a spolupr\u00e1ci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee konference bude zam\u011b\u0159ena na implementaci opat\u0159en\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z dohod dosa\u017een\u00fdch na p\u0159edchoz\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch summitech. COP28 bude rovn\u011b\u017e kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm f\u00f3rem pro jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o finan\u010dn\u00edch mechanismech, technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00edch a strategi\u00edch na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

P\u0159esta\u0148te vrtat, za\u010dn\u011bte platit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Total, BP, Shell, Eni, Repsol, Woodside, Exxon, Chevron, ConocoPhillips a Equinor, jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdm masivn\u00edm p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm ke klimatick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Jejich emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nejen zm\u011bnu klimatu, ale tak\u00e9 \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje na\u0161i planetu.<\/p>\n\n

Zku\u0161enosti s ropn\u00fdmi hav\u00e1riemi a \u00faniky, nap\u0159\u00edklad s incidentem tankeru Exxon Valdez \u010di katastrofou t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed plo\u0161iny Deepwater Horizon bohu\u017eel sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o nedostate\u010dn\u00e9m respektu t\u011bchto firem k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di spole\u010dnosti Shell za poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v delt\u011b Nigeru a finan\u010dn\u00ed podpora organizac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed existenci klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn ze strany ExxonMobil jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ropn\u00e9 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti necht\u011bj\u00ed n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za sv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie Time to Pay the Piper<\/a> odhalila, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fosiln\u00ed korporace dlu\u017e\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b 209 miliard USD ro\u010dn\u011b na klimatick\u00fdch reparac\u00edch. Tato \u010d\u00e1stka by m\u011bla slou\u017eit k od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed komunit posti\u017een\u00fdch jejich zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Fosiln\u00ed korporace mus\u00ed zastavit aktivity, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed klima, omluvit se za sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za n\u00e1pravu a od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kod, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily. Ropn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl se s\u00e1m od sebe nezm\u011bn\u00ed, je proto nutn\u00e9, aby za\u010daly jednat vl\u00e1dy, z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci a soudy. COP28 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt prostorem, kde se sv\u011btov\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i domluv\u00ed na bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9m, urychlen\u00e9m a spravedliv\u00e9m ukon\u010den\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv a zajist\u00ed, aby ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nesly plnou odpov\u011bdnost za sv\u00e9 zlo\u010diny.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je tak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e1 str\u00e1nka v\u011bci. Jen v roce 2022 dos\u00e1hlo p\u011bt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ropn\u00fdch a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdd\u011blku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 miliard <\/a>dolar\u016f. Zisky t\u011bchto firem, v\u010detn\u011b Exxon, Shell, Chevron, Total a BP jsou obrovsk\u00e9, a p\u0159esto nejsou spole\u010dnosti ochotny p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily.<\/p>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 je v\u00fdchodisko? Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 by m\u011bli platit za ztr\u00e1ty a \u0161kody, zdanit sv\u00e9 zisky, zav\u00e9st dan\u011b z t\u011b\u017eby a p\u0159estat pob\u00edrat dotace na fosiln\u00ed paliva. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky by se pak mohly p\u0159ev\u00e9st do Fondu pro kryt\u00ed ztr\u00e1t a \u0161kod s velk\u00fdm d\u016frazem na transparentnost a odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 sliby nebo re\u00e1ln\u00e9 \u010diny?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Konference COP28 m\u00e1 i letos kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd v\u00fdznam v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m dialogu o klimatu. Vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 mohou posunout diskuzi o finan\u010dn\u00edch mechanismech a donutit fosiln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody a ztr\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily. Jen tak m\u016f\u017eeme zajistit spravedliv\u00fd p\u0159echod sm\u011brem k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Klimatick\u00e1 spravedlnost p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice pouh\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed; zahrnuje i zm\u011bnu postoj\u016f a praktik. Sv\u011btov\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i by m\u011bli promptn\u011b p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k udr\u017een\u00ed omezen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplen\u00ed na 1,5 \u00b0C. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vypracovat progresivn\u00ed politiky a mechanismy, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a podporu pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n

COP28\u00a0m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l st\u00e1t se zlomov\u00fdm okam\u017eikem, kde sv\u011bt prok\u00e1\u017ee svou jednotu a\u00a0odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed ke skute\u010dn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Leto\u0161n\u00ed konference m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt historick\u00fdm miln\u00edkem, kdy spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00edme \u00e9ru z\u00e1vislosti na rop\u011b a\u00a0vr\u00e1t\u00edme na\u0161i planetu zp\u011bt na udr\u017eitelnou trajektorii. Ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak je: Budou to jen pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 sliby, nebo dojde i\u00a0na skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u010diny? Na sv\u011btov\u00fdch l\u00eddrech je nyn\u00ed, aby jednali a\u00a0zajistili, \u017ee na\u0161e d\u011bti a\u00a0vnou\u010data budou m\u00edt mo\u017enost \u017e\u00edt na zdrav\u00e9 a\u00a0prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed planet\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Text vy\u0161el na platoform\u011b Seznam m\u00e9dium.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011bt \u010del\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b v historii. L\u00edd\u0159i na COP28 mus\u00ed ukon\u010dit \u00e9ru ropn\u00fdch a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0161kod\u00ed planet\u011b a odm\u00edtaj\u00ed za to n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":19741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[25,26,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-19740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energeticka-revoluce","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-obnovitelne-zdroje","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19740"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19742,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19740\/revisions\/19742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19740"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=19740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}