{"id":19956,"date":"2024-02-14T14:29:39","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T13:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=19956"},"modified":"2024-02-14T14:29:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T13:29:42","slug":"zemedelci-maji-plne-pravo-protestovat-ale-u-green-dealu-placou-na-spatnem-hrobe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/19956\/zemedelci-maji-plne-pravo-protestovat-ale-u-green-dealu-placou-na-spatnem-hrobe\/","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u011bd\u011blci maj\u00ed pln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo protestovat, ale u Green Dealu pl\u00e1\u010dou na \u0161patn\u00e9m hrob\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blci v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s \u0159adou probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 je donutily vyj\u00edt do ulic a za\u010d\u00edt protestovat. Situace hraje do karet populistick\u00fdm a konzervativn\u00edm politik\u016fm a velk\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm podnik\u016fm, kter\u00e9 nespokojenost zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, ale \u010dasto i podn\u011bcuj\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vinu za neut\u011b\u0161en\u00fd stav evropsk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed na ekologickou legislativu EU, farm\u00e1\u0159e nejen uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v omyl, ale riskuj\u00ed i jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Protest zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f. Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto (c) Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Hn\u011bv zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd a my ho sd\u00edl\u00edme. Za pouh\u00fdch 15 let ztratila EU t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 % sv\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch farem, kter\u00e9 bu\u010f zkrachovaly, nebo byly skoupeny st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi konkurenty, jejich\u017e pozice za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nab\u00edrat rysy oligopolu. A \u010cesko? To je toho z\u00e1\u0159n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem.<\/p>\n\n

Probl\u00e9mem je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm v Evrop\u011b funguje potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Mezi mnoha obt\u00ed\u017eemi, s nimi\u017e se zem\u011bd\u011blci pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed, vynikaj\u00ed t\u0159i. Evropsk\u00e9 dotace, regulace (nebo naopak jejich nedostatek) a dynamika trhu. V\u0161echny jsou ov\u0161em designov\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve prosp\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na trhu.<\/p>\n\n

Za prv\u00e9, spole\u010dn\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 politika EU odm\u011b\u0148uje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00edky p\u016fdy a nejpr\u016fmyslov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 podniky, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f se rozd\u011bluje na z\u00e1klad\u011b obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00fdch hektar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Za druh\u00e9, mocn\u00ed maloobchodn\u00edci a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mohou zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm vnucovat n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny, aby sami m\u011bli co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zisky.<\/p>\n\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed, nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed agrochemick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti tla\u010d\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blce t\u00edm, \u017ee zvy\u0161uj\u00ed ceny v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, jako jsou hybridn\u00ed osiva, pesticidy, hnojiva a l\u00e9ky pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata. To vytla\u010duje men\u0161\u00ed producenty z trhu, proto\u017ee pouze velk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 farmy mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i prodeji za n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny, zat\u00edmco nesou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n\n

Vzkaz rodinn\u00fdm podnik\u016fm z EU zn\u00ed: bu\u010f se stanete velk\u00fdmi, nebo skon\u010d\u00edte.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Tlak se zvy\u0161uje i v souvislosti s rozhovory o obchodn\u00ed dohod\u011b mezi EU a Mercosurem, kde je zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed kartou EU pro p\u0159\u00edstup na jihoamerick\u00fd trh. Dohoda by mohla otev\u0159\u00edt dve\u0159e dovozu velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed hov\u011bz\u00edho masa, kter\u00e9 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za masivn\u00ed odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a degradaci les\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blce tak\u00e9 tr\u00e1p\u00ed dopady klimatick\u00e9 krize. Sucha v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed v EU a ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 9 miliard eur ro\u010dn\u011b. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed horka a sucha,po\u017e\u00e1ry, p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b, z\u00e1plavy a bou\u0159e pusto\u0161\u00ed evropskou zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu. Mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed farmy, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nyn\u00ed bojuj\u00ed o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee zni\u010dit jedna vlna extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Zrada zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Prvn\u00ed reakc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise na protesty zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f bylo, \u017ee ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed rok po sob\u011b ud\u011blila v\u00fdjimku z po\u017eadavk\u016f spole\u010dn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 politiky na ponech\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00e9ho procenta orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy ladem. To nejen\u017ee zp\u016fsobuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody na ekosyst\u00e9mech a mohlo by d\u00e1le sn\u00ed\u017eit ceny zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm produkce, ale odv\u00e1d\u00ed to pozornost od skute\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch reforem, kter\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blci zoufale pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Paradoxem je, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blci \u00fasty velk\u00fdch svaz\u016f protestuj\u00ed proti Zelen\u00e9 dohod\u011b, kter\u00e1 jim \u00fadajn\u011b ji\u017e te\u010f ni\u010d\u00ed \u017eivot. Ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z hlavn\u00edch pravidel Zelen\u00e9 dohody nebylo je\u0161t\u011b nikdy implementov\u00e1no a c\u00edle strategie EU Farm to Fork nebyly spln\u011bny – p\u0159esto\u017ee by zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm prosp\u011bly.<\/p>\n\n

Kdyby byla p\u0159ijata pravidla EU o „udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m“ pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f s finan\u010dn\u00ed a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed podporou pro zem\u011bd\u011blce, mohla by se v cel\u00e9m sektoru sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na agrochemik\u00e1li\u00edch.To by byla dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va nejen pro zdrav\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed by nebyly tolik vystavov\u00e1ni p\u016fsoben\u00ed chemick\u00fdch post\u0159ik\u016f, ale i pro jejich pen\u011b\u017eenky. M\u00edsto toho Komise jako druhou reakci na protesty st\u00e1hla pl\u00e1ny na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Aktualizovan\u00e1 sm\u011brnice o pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch emis\u00edch, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo omezit zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z velkochov\u016f chov\u016f, mohla pomoci zm\u00edrnit klimatickou krizi, ale nakonec ji je\u0161t\u011b prohloubila, proto\u017ee uvolnila pravidla pro nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chovy prasat a dr\u016fbe\u017ee a zcela ignorovala chov skotu. Pl\u00e1n na zaveden\u00ed legislativy pro „udr\u017eiteln\u00fd potravinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m“ byl zru\u0161en je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e jej Komise p\u0159edlo\u017eila, a od slibovan\u00e9 aktualizace podm\u00ednek dobr\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch podm\u00ednek zv\u00ed\u0159at bylo upu\u0161t\u011bno.<\/p>\n\n

Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 lobby a jejich konfederace v EU Copa-Cogeca rozhodovaly o tom, kter\u00e1 pravidla EU budou pos\u00edlena a kter\u00e1 oslabena. P\u0159esto\u017ee tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zastupuj\u00ed v\u0161echny zem\u011bd\u011blce, \u010dasto zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed stanoviska, kter\u00e1 h\u00e1j\u00ed z\u00e1jmy men\u0161iny zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f: jen t\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, kter\u00fdm se v n\u00e1padn\u011b nespravedliv\u00e9m potravinov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu ji\u017e te\u010f da\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Mnoz\u00ed politici nad\u00e1le podporuj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 podniky a krizi r\u00e1muj\u00ed jako „zem\u011bd\u011blci versus p\u0159\u00edroda“.<\/p>\n\n

Je to fale\u0161n\u00e1 dichotomie, kter\u00e1 drasticky po\u0161kozuje naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inu zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f. Z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u0159esouv\u00e1 pozornost od hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blci \u010del\u00ed, a zhor\u0161uje jejich situaci, dokud nez\u016fstanou jen ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed farmy.<\/p>\n\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blci a p\u0159\u00edroda jsou spojenci – to dynamika trhu, chybn\u00e9 dotace a nedostatek \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 regulace stav\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blce p\u0159ed zoufalou volbu mezi neudr\u017eitelnou pr\u016fmyslovou v\u00fdrobou a bankrotem. <\/p>\n\n

Marco Contiero je odborn\u00edk na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 politiky v Greenpeace EU. Text vy\u0161el na webu EUobserver. Do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159elo\u017eili a text upravili Luk\u00e1\u0161 Hr\u00e1bek a Jan Freidinger.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zem\u011bd\u011blci v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s \u0159adou probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 je donutily vyj\u00edt do ulic a za\u010d\u00edt protestovat. Situace hraje do karet populistick\u00fdm a konzervativn\u00edm politik\u016fm a velk\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm podnik\u016fm,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":19957,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[24,29,22,20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-19956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-aktivni-spolecnost","tag-nenasilne-protesty","tag-setrimeplanetu","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19956"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19960,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19956\/revisions\/19960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19956"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=19956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}