{"id":20149,"date":"2024-04-02T07:08:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=20149"},"modified":"2024-03-27T20:45:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T19:45:13","slug":"5-veci-ktere-byste-meli-vedet-o-evropskych-lesich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/20149\/5-veci-ktere-byste-meli-vedet-o-evropskych-lesich\/","title":{"rendered":"5 v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o evropsk\u00fdch les\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lesy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % rozlohy Evropy<\/a> a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zelenou a sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed krajinu. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak za\u010dtete do statistik, uk\u00e1\u017ee se temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realita jejich stavu. Zde je p\u011bt v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jste o sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu evropsk\u00fdch les\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nev\u011bd\u011bli.<\/p>\n\n

1. Rozmanitost les\u016f je ohro\u017eena<\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Ni\u010den\u00ed les\u016f ve Finsku. Plocha lesa v ji\u017en\u00edm Finsku, kterou v roce 2018 vyt\u011b\u017eila a pozd\u011bji sp\u00e1lila finsk\u00e1 lesnick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost UPM. \u00a9 Jani Sipil\u00e4 \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 75 % evropsk\u00fdch les\u016f vykazuje znepokojiv\u00fd vzorec<\/a> – maj\u00ed stejn\u011b star\u00e9 stromy. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etina les\u016f v EU je nav\u00edc tvo\u0159ena pouze jedn\u00edm druhem strom\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jehli\u010dnan\u016f. Tato uniformita, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 intenzivn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm les\u016f, m\u00e1 pro tyto vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my hroziv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n

2. Evropsk\u00e9 lesy p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed o sv\u00e9 endemick\u00e9 a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stromy<\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace blokuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu d\u0159eva v B\u011blov\u011b\u017esk\u00e9m pralese, jednom z posledn\u00edch n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch prales\u016f v Evrop\u011b. \u00a9 Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e polovin\u011b evropsk\u00fdch endemick\u00fdch strom\u016f – tedy t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se nikde jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b nevyskytuj\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ikonick\u00fd ka\u0161tan ko\u0148sk\u00fd, jasan ztepil\u00fd nebo je\u0159\u00e1b – hroz\u00ed, \u017ee vym\u0159ou<\/a> a zmiz\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed star\u00fdch a druhov\u011b bohat\u00fdch les\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00edme o nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 lesy<\/a>. Siln\u011b obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9 lesy, v nich\u017e je jen mal\u00fd po\u010det druh\u016f strom\u016f, nahrazuj\u00ed rozmanit\u00e9 a ekologicky cenn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed lesy, jim\u017e se na kontinentu kdysi da\u0159ilo, a to negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje m\u00edstn\u00ed biologickou rozmanitost.<\/p>\n\n

3. Evropsk\u00e9 lesy jsou st\u00e1le zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace dr\u017e\u00ed transparent v oblasti ne\u0161etrn\u00e9ho k\u00e1cen\u00ed v ukrajinsk\u00fdch Karpatech. Evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na ni\u010den\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch star\u00fdch les\u016f kv\u016fli d\u0159evu, kter\u00e9 se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 v cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unii. \u00a9 Dominik Werner \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 postupy v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kodily komplexnost evropsk\u00fdch les\u016f a ovlivnily rozmanitost rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Tato nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 rozmanitost oslabuje odolnost les\u016f, v d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e je p\u0159es 60 % strom\u016f ohro\u017eeno po\u017e\u00e1ry, \u0161k\u016fdci a vich\u0159icemi<\/a>. M\u00edra \u00famrtnosti stromov\u00fdch korun se od konce 20. stolet\u00ed zdvojn\u00e1sobila<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Lesy s rozmanit\u00fdmi druhy strom\u016f, v\u011bkem a r\u016fstov\u00fdmi st\u00e1dii jsou odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di klimatick\u00e9 krizi a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00edce uhl\u00edku. Tyto rozmanit\u00e9 lesy nav\u00edc hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu, filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed vody, zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed povodn\u00ed, prevenci eroze a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti.<\/p>\n\n

4. V Evrop\u011b jsme ji\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li o 97 % star\u00fdch les\u016f<\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Dobrovoln\u00edci a dobrovolnice Greenpeace z 10 evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed mapovali v Rumunsku jeden z posledn\u00edch zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u016fvodn\u00edch star\u00fdch les\u016f v Evrop\u011b, aby upozornili na nutnost jejich pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany. \u00a9 Mitja Kobal \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Pralesy a p\u0159irozen\u011b se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed star\u00e9 lesy s vysokou biodiverzitou pat\u0159\u00ed k nejbohat\u0161\u00edm lesn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Tyto lesy hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f na\u0161\u00ed planety a slou\u017e\u00ed jako ochrann\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra p\u0159ed d\u016fsledky klimatick\u00e9 a biodiverzitn\u00ed krize. Bohu\u017eel p\u016fvodn\u00ed star\u00e9 lesy v EU maj\u00ed omezenou rozlohu, je jich m\u00e1lo, existuj\u00ed pouze ve fragmentovan\u00fdch kaps\u00e1ch a tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % celkov\u00e9 rozlohy les\u016f v EU<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n

5. Biodiverzita znepokojiv\u011b kles\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
V Karpatech \u017eije nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 populace medv\u011bda hn\u011bd\u00e9ho, vlka, kamz\u00edka a rysa a tak\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etina v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin. \u00a9 Tom\u00e1\u0161 Hul\u00edk \/ Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9, ale st\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 lesnictv\u00ed zm\u011bnilo na\u0161e lesy m\u00edsto \u017eiv\u00e9ho m\u00edsta pro biodiverzitu v tov\u00e1rny na d\u0159evo, kde u\u017e mnoho druh\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00edt. Podle organizace Birdlife International ub\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dtvrtina v\u0161ech pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f v\u00e1zan\u00fdch na lesn\u00ed biotopy<\/a>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad norek evropsk\u00fd a hrabo\u0161 bavorsk\u00fd jsou oba kriticky ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/a> – jen kr\u016f\u010dek od vyhynut\u00ed. Mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f je v kategorii zraniteln\u00fdch nebo ohro\u017een\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n

Odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, k\u00e1cen\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed biotopov\u00fdch strom\u016f, mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva a pa\u0159ez\u016f m\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd negativn\u00ed dopad na druhy z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na lese, jako jsou hmyz, savci, nec\u00e9vnat\u00e9 rostliny (nap\u0159. mechy, hlev\u00edky a j\u00e1trovky) a hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00ed pt\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav evropsk\u00fdch les\u016f vy\u017eaduje nal\u00e9hav\u00e1 a rozhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Chamtiv\u00e9 korporace podporovan\u00e9 bankami, kter\u00e9 jim poskytuj\u00ed miliardy eur<\/a>, vyko\u0159is\u0165uj\u00ed a ni\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodu v Evrop\u011b i na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Je na\u010dase postavit se spekulant\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00ed na\u0161e blaho a biologickou rozmanitost.<\/p>\n\n

Evrop\u0161t\u00ed politici a politi\u010dky musej\u00ed br\u00e1t svou odpov\u011bdnost za ochranu a obnovu evropsk\u00fdch les\u016f v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek mus\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b ukon\u010dit t\u011b\u017ebu p\u016fvodn\u00edch star\u00fdch les\u016f a les\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l se star\u00fdmi lesy brzy st\u00e1t, a p\u0159ej\u00edt na p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, aby se v budoucnu neopakovaly stejn\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>\n\n

\n
P\u0159idej se ke kampani Zachra\u0148me p\u0159\u00edrodu<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme, aby evropsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy p\u0159ijaly opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 krize, zastavila spekulanty a daly p\u0159ednost p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Emma Pettersson je vedouc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kampan\u011b v evropsk\u00e9m t\u00fdmu Greenpeace.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lesy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % rozlohy Evropy a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zelenou a sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed krajinu. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak za\u010dtete do statistik, uk\u00e1\u017ee se temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realita jejich stavu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":20154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-20149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20149"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20159,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20149\/revisions\/20159"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20149"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=20149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}