{"id":20524,"date":"2024-06-12T13:46:47","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T12:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=20524"},"modified":"2025-07-02T08:12:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T07:12:06","slug":"proc-je-sargasove-more-ten-nejlepsi-kandidat-na-rezervaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/20524\/proc-je-sargasove-more-ten-nejlepsi-kandidat-na-rezervaci\/","title":{"rendered":"Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e: ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed kandid\u00e1t na rezervaci"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e zahrnuje dva miliony \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil severn\u00edho Atlantiku kolem Bermudsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina le\u017e\u00ed mimo jurisdikci jak\u00e9hokoli st\u00e1tu.Opakovan\u011b je ozna\u010dov\u00e1no za oblast s vysokou prioritou ochrany kv\u016fli jedine\u010dn\u00e9mu a velmi rozmanit\u00e9mu mo\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. \u017dij\u00ed zde obrovsk\u00e9 plovouc\u00ed kolonie mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0159as Sargassum, kter\u00e9 daly tomuto mo\u0159i nejen sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, ale jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou oblast\u00ed pro t\u0159en\u00ed, r\u016fst a v\u00fd\u017eivu ryb, \u017eelv a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f. Je to tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 migra\u010dn\u00ed trasa v Atlantsk\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. V Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i bylo zaznamen\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 druh\u016f kytovc\u016f, jako jsou keporkaci a velryby, vorvan\u011b a kosatky, kte\u0159\u00ed tudy migruj\u00ed z karibsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde se rozmno\u017euj\u00ed do oblast\u00ed v severn\u00edm Atlantiku kde maj\u00ed dostatek potravy. K dal\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edm \u201ccestovatel\u016fm\u201d pat\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkolik druh\u016f tu\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, \u017eelvy, \u017eraloci, rejnoci, me\u010douni a \u00faho\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed putuj\u00ed i do \u010cech.<\/p>\n\n

Bohu\u017eel se Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e st\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u011bt\u00ed st\u00e1le se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho tlaku lidsk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd rybolov a lodn\u00ed doprava jsou pro tuto oblast nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozby dost\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 pod rostouc\u00ed tlak \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly hrozeb. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rybolovnou metodou, kterou flotily pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jsou dlouh\u00e9 lovn\u00e9 \u0161\u0148\u016fry, velmi destruktivn\u00ed zp\u016fsob rybolovu, kdy na h\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch kilometry dlouh\u00fdch \u0161\u0148\u016fr skon\u010d\u00ed jako tzv. vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed savci, \u017eelvy, pt\u00e1ci a n\u011bkter\u00e9 druh\u016f \u017eralok\u016f. <\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1sy Sargasov\u00e9ho mo\u0159e<\/h2><\/header><\/section><\/div>\n

Rybolovnou \u010dinnost v Sargasov\u00e9m mo\u0159i m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat pomoc\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f z Global Fishing Watch – voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 sleduje ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 plavidla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Celkov\u00fd objem plavidel jak\u00e9hokoliv typu (ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch, n\u00e1kladn\u00edch, ropn\u00fdch tanker\u016f atd.) k\u0159i\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e se v posledn\u00edch letech zv\u00fd\u0161il. To lze sledovat pomoc\u00ed informac\u00ed automatick\u00e9ho identifika\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (AIS) p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch z komunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f lod\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch v syst\u00e9mu Lloyd\u2019s List Intelligence<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oce\u00e1nsk\u00e1 dohoda (zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako smlouva o voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch – BBNJ) z b\u0159ezna 2023 poskytuje siln\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na ochranu voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed, tedy plochami  za hranicemi n\u00e1ron\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Tyto mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vody tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f, ale jejich spr\u00e1va p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1  \u201edivok\u00fd z\u00e1pad\u201c, kde destruktivn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost je jen velmi m\u00e1lo omezen\u00e1 a kontrolovan\u00e1. Dohoda proto po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s vytvo\u0159en\u00edm oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed, kde by chr\u00e1nili nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti voln\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Aby Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e1 dohoda  vstoupila v platnost, mus\u00ed ji ratifikovat nejm\u00e9n\u011b 60 zem\u00ed a Greenpeace po\u017eaduje, aby se tak stalo do \u010dervna 2025.<\/strong> Jakmile bude tohoto c\u00edle dosa\u017eeno, bude mo\u017en\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt vyhla\u0161ovat oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 rezervace na voln\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 rezervace na voln\u00e9m mo\u0159i budou m\u00edt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, pokud chceme dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edle chr\u00e1nit do roku 2030 alespo\u0148 30 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 pevniny a oce\u00e1nu, jak bylo dohodnuto v roce 2022 v Kunmingu a Montrealu v r\u00e1mci Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro biologickou rozmanitost. Sargasov\u00e9 mo\u0159e je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem cel\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu severn\u00edho Atlantiku a je jednou ze t\u0159\u00ed prioritn\u00edch lokalit, kter\u00e9 Greenpeace chce chr\u00e1nit v r\u00e1mci Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dohody.<\/p>\n\n