{"id":20913,"date":"2024-09-05T12:29:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T11:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=20913"},"modified":"2024-09-24T11:21:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T10:21:01","slug":"windfall-tax-by-meli-platit-vsichni-kteri-vydelavaji-na-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/20913\/windfall-tax-by-meli-platit-vsichni-kteri-vydelavaji-na-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Windfall tax by m\u011bli platit v\u0161ichni, kte\u0159\u00ed vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed na krizi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Zdan\u011bn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch zisk\u016f by m\u011blo pokra\u010dovat, je ale pot\u0159eba ho upravit tak, aby skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159inutilo ty, kte\u0159\u00ed profituj\u00ed z krize, pod\u00edlet se na jej\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Da\u0148 z mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch zisk\u016f energetick\u00fdch firem a velk\u00fdch bank, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako windfall tax, by m\u011bla v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pokra\u010dovat i v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce. Ministr financ\u00ed Zbyn\u011bk Stanjura potvrdil, \u017ee nebude navrhovat jej\u00ed zru\u0161en\u00ed, jeliko\u017e p\u0159\u00edjmy z t\u00e9to dan\u011b za posledn\u00ed dva roky po\u0159\u00e1d nesta\u010d\u00ed na pokryt\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f spojen\u00fdch s energetickou kriz\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vy\u0161plhaly na zhruba 124 miliard korun. Podle dosud zn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f st\u00e1t na windfall tax vybral v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal a ne\u017e by odpov\u00eddalo vysok\u00fdm zisk\u016fm uveden\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto firem toti\u017e na\u0161ly zp\u016fsoby, jak se placen\u00ed dan\u011b vyhnout.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Co je windfall tax a jak by m\u011bla fungovat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Windfall tax je do\u010dasn\u00e1 da\u0148ov\u00e1 p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eka, kter\u00e1 se uvaluje na neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 zisky firem, je\u017e vznikly bez jejich p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00ed, typicky vlivem vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kriz\u00ed, jako byla pandemie covid-19 nebo energetick\u00e1 krize zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b. Vl\u00e1dy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b tento n\u00e1stroj zavedly jako zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na pomoc dom\u00e1cnostem, kter\u00e9 \u010delily extr\u00e9mn\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm cen energi\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm t\u011bchto kriz\u00ed. Energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a banky naopak v t\u011bchto obdob\u00edch \u010dasto vykazovaly obrovsk\u00e9 zisky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice byla windfall tax zavedena od ledna 2023 a vztahuje se na spole\u010dnosti v oblasti energetiky, bankovnictv\u00ed, petrolej\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a t\u011b\u017eby fosiln\u00edch paliv. Da\u0148 se uplat\u0148uje jako 60% p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eka na nadm\u011brn\u00fd zisk, kter\u00fd se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jako rozd\u00edl mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00edm ziskem firmy v letech 2023\u20132025 a pr\u016fm\u011brem z\u00e1klad\u016f dan\u011b za \u010dty\u0159i roky p\u0159ed kriz\u00ed (2018\u20132021), zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm o 20 %. Tento mechanismus m\u011bl zajistit, \u017ee budou dan\u011bny pouze firmy, kter\u00e9 vyk\u00e1zaly zisky nad \u00farovn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zisk\u016f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Nejen pokra\u010dovat, ale tak\u00e9 opravit a zdanit&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco st\u00e1t pl\u00e1noval vybrat na t\u00e9to dani v roce 2023 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 85 miliard korun, skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdnos byl pouh\u00fdch 39,1 miliardy. D\u016fvodem tohoto nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu je nejen pozdn\u00ed zaveden\u00ed dan\u011b, kter\u00e9 nezahrnulo zisky z roku 2022, ale tak\u00e9 \u0161patn\u011b&nbsp; nastaven\u00e1 \u00faprava zdan\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mnoha firm\u00e1m umo\u017enila se dani z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vyhnout. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Energetick\u00fd a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd holding (EPH) Daniela K\u0159et\u00ednsk\u00e9ho a Sev.en Pavla Tyka\u010de na windfall tax zaplatily podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e kolik by odpov\u00eddalo jejich mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm zisk\u016fm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>Skupina Se.ven v \u010dervenci na dotaz Seznam Zpr\u00e1v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seznamzpravy.cz\/clanek\/ekonomika-firmy-tykacovy-firmy-nakonec-na-wind-fall-danich-zaplati-mene-nez-14-miliardy-256579\">odpov\u011bd\u011bla<\/a>, \u017ee v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zaplatila dohromady na windfall tax a odvodu z nadm\u011brn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00fdrobc\u016f elekt\u0159iny po cel\u00e9 EU, jenom 1,4 miliardy korun. Nav\u00edc ale chce po st\u00e1tu je\u0161t\u011b \u010d\u00e1st odvod\u016f vr\u00e1tit, tak\u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo se d\u00e1le sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Vybranou \u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 se v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u016fvodn\u00edmi vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi jev\u00ed jako stra\u0161n\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1, skupina vysv\u011btluje t\u00edm, \u017ee velkoobchodn\u00ed ceny elekt\u0159iny mezi roky 2022 a 2023 v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesly (pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed skupina \u010cEZ na windfall tax v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce <a href=\"https:\/\/ekonomickydenik.cz\/komu-stat-s-pomoci-windfall-tax-odsal-zisk-cez-zaplatil-30-miliard-za-nim-jsou-innogy-a-orlen-unipetrol\/\">odvedla<\/a> 30,1 miliardy korun). Snad je\u0161t\u011b men\u0161\u00ed dopad m\u011bla windfall tax na K\u0159et\u00ednsk\u00e9ho EPH, kter\u00e1 toti\u017e, jak <a href=\"https:\/\/ekonomickydenik.cz\/komu-stat-s-pomoci-windfall-tax-odsal-zisk-cez-zaplatil-30-miliard-za-nim-jsou-innogy-a-orlen-unipetrol\/\">informovala m\u00e9dia<\/a>, v\u010das p\u0159est\u011bhovala sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b ziskov\u00e9 aktivity v oblasti velkoobchodu s energiemi z \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky do \u0160v\u00fdcarska, tak\u017ee windfall tax z t\u00e9to skupiny platily jen firmy EP Energy Trading a Dobr\u00e1 energie, kter\u00e9 prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu a plyn koncov\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm v \u010cesku. Uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee je nezbytn\u00e9 windfall tax nejen zachovat, ale tak\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edsnit a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it, aby dopadla na v\u0161echny firmy, kter\u00e9 profitovaly z kriz\u00ed a drancov\u00e1n\u00ed planety, a aby takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 prost\u0159edky mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity na pomoc t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou krizemi je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le ohro\u017eeni.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee ceny energi\u00ed v roce 2023 poklesly, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le nad p\u0159edkrizovou \u00farovn\u00ed, a mnoho dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed energetick\u00e9 chudob\u011b. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky z windfall tax by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity na podporu t\u011bchto dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch v\u00fdzev, jako je zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti budov \u010di sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby v doprav\u011b.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Ve\u0159ejnost windfall tax podporuje, firmy, kter\u00e9 z kriz\u00ed profitovaly, by m\u011bly p\u0159ijmout svoji zodpov\u011bdnost&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v \u010cesku vn\u00edm\u00e1 zdan\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch zisk\u016f jako spravedliv\u00fd n\u00e1stroj. Podle pr\u016fzkumu agentury OMG podporuje zdan\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch firem a pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto prost\u0159edk\u016f na kompenzace vysok\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f za elekt\u0159inu 78 % lid\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Evropsk\u00e1 komise ve sv\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00edch tak\u00e9 upozornila na n\u00edzk\u00fd pom\u011br da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f v \u010cesku k HDP a na neoptim\u00e1ln\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fd mix. V\u011bt\u0161ina da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f&nbsp; poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zdan\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky relativn\u011b vysok\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm odvod\u016fm. Da\u0148ov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed osob s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nad pr\u016fm\u011brem EU, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 da\u0148ov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed druh\u00fdch v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00fdch osob v rodin\u00e1ch s d\u011btmi sni\u017euje motivaci k op\u011btovn\u00e9mu n\u00e1stupu do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto faktory jen podtrhuj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u011b z windfall tax.<\/p>\n\n<p>Zdan\u011bn\u00ed firem, kter\u00e9 vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed na kriz\u00edch, a pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto pen\u011bz na pomoc t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed krizemi trp\u00ed, je nejen spravedliv\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 nezbytn\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enosti a stability spole\u010dnosti. Windfall tax by m\u011bla b\u00fdt n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd tuto spravedlnost zajist\u00ed, a proto je t\u0159eba nejen jej\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jej\u00edho dosahu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zdan\u011bn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch zisk\u016f by m\u011blo pokra\u010dovat, je ale pot\u0159eba ho upravit tak, aby skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159inutilo ty, kte\u0159\u00ed profituj\u00ed z krize, pod\u00edlet se na jej\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":20914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[25],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-20913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/77"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20913"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20915,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20913\/revisions\/20915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20913"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=20913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}