{"id":21054,"date":"2024-10-11T11:56:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T10:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=21054"},"modified":"2024-10-14T13:41:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T12:41:07","slug":"dobra-zprava-emise-nebezpecnych-latek-v-cr-vyrazne-klesly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/21054\/dobra-zprava-emise-nebezpecnych-latek-v-cr-vyrazne-klesly\/","title":{"rendered":"Dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va: Emise nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v \u010cR v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesly"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Integrovan\u00fd registr zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159inesl s daty za rok 2023 dobrou zpr\u00e1vu: A\u017e na v\u00fdjimky mno\u017estv\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu roku kleslo. Na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se v roce 2023 podle dat v IRZ daleko v\u00fdrazn\u011bji pod\u00edlely chemi\u010dky nebo provozy vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed plasty, p\u0159esto lze i za tento rok za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele ozna\u010dit uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. Z celkov\u00e9ho poklesu l\u00e1tek ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi provozy do IRZ jsou v\u0161ak v\u00fdjimky, a to v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b emis\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rakovinotvorn\u00e9ho styrenu, dioxin\u016f p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00fdch v odpadech a l\u00e1tek po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00edch ozonovou vrstvu. O zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed se lid\u00e9 dozv\u00ed na webu<\/strong> <\/strong>www.znecistovatele.cz<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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Elektr\u00e1rna Chvaletice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

\u201eNad poklesem vyk\u00e1zan\u00fdch emis\u00ed toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi provozy m\u016f\u017eeme letos opravdu j\u00e1sat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee \u0159adu toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pr\u016fmysl do IRZ nemus\u00ed ohla\u0161ovat. Ve sv\u011btle dat ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch chemi\u010dkami rovn\u011b\u017e roste d\u016fle\u017eitost omezov\u00e1n\u00ed plast\u016f, proto\u017ee mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele se derou hlavn\u011b v\u00fdrobci surovin pro n\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad chemi\u010dky v Litv\u00ednov\u011b anebo v Kralupech nad Vltavou,\u201c<\/em> shrnul Jind\u0159ich Petrl\u00edk<\/strong>, vedouc\u00ed programu Toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a odpady spolku Arnika. <\/strong>Arnika dlouhodob\u011b varuje p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdzvy Budoucnost bez plast\u016f, kterou mohou lid\u00e9 podepsat na jejich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f za rok 2023 figuruj\u00ed hlavn\u011b provozy z \u00dasteck\u00e9ho, Moravskoslezsk\u00e9ho a Pardubick\u00e9ho kraje. Za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele lze vedle Spolany Neratovice ozna\u010dit elektr\u00e1rny Po\u010derady a Chvaletice. Na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u016f spadla hu\u0165 Liberty Ostrava, kter\u00e1 v roce 2023 omezovala v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cEmise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f i nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bji klesly u uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. Nestalo se to ale kv\u016fli n\u011bjak\u00e9 snaze \u010di dobr\u00e9 v\u016fli jejich provozovatel\u016f, ale hlavn\u011b kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee byly v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto v provozu. Elekt\u0159inu z uhl\u00ed toti\u017e st\u00e1le v\u00edce v evropsk\u00e9m energetick\u00e9m mixu nahrazovaly obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, kter\u00e9 po rusk\u00e9m vp\u00e1du na Ukrajinu za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed boom. Ukazuje se tak v praxi to, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me dlouhodob\u011b: kdy\u017e \u010cesko omez\u00ed v\u00fdrobu a export sv\u00e9 \u0161pinav\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny z uhl\u00ed, bude to m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv na klima i na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Emise p\u0159itom mohou klesnout je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce, proto\u017ee i v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce bylo \u010cesko po\u0159\u00e1d velk\u00fdm v\u00fdvozcem elekt\u0159iny,\u201d<\/em> \u0159ekl Luk\u00e1\u0161 Hr\u00e1bek, tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed Greenpeace \u010cR<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cOmezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1len\u00ed uhl\u00ed zlep\u0161uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Po\u010derady a Chvaletice v majetku podnikatele Pavla Tyka\u010de jsou v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 toxickou rtut\u00ed, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky z emisn\u00edho limitu. Ilustrativn\u00ed je srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s elektr\u00e1rnou Tu\u0161imice, kter\u00e1 v roce 2020 vypou\u0161t\u011bla stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rtuti jako Po\u010derady, ale dnes je d\u00edky pln\u011bn\u00ed limit\u016f na p\u011btin\u011b. Politici a  politi\u010dky by m\u011bli odm\u00edtnout dotov\u00e1n\u00ed uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, bez jejich\u017e elekt\u0159iny se dle modelov\u00e1n\u00ed energetiky obejdeme. Ned\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, aby ob\u010dan\u00e9 museli platit n\u011bkoho, kdo zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje jejich \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed,\u201d <\/em>dodal Ji\u0159\u00ed Ko\u017eelouh, vedouc\u00ed energetick\u00e9ho programu Hnut\u00ed DUHA.<\/strong>  <\/em><\/p>\n\n

Provozy ze z\u00e1kona hl\u00e1s\u00ed \u00faniky a p\u0159enosy n\u011bkter\u00fdch nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/a> samy. Za ohla\u0161ovac\u00ed rok 2023 data poskytlo celkem 1218 provoz\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

Samotn\u00fd Integrovan\u00fd registr zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (IRZ)<\/a> slav\u00ed letos 20 let sv\u00e9 existence<\/a>. Arnika k tomuto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vydala bro\u017euru<\/a>, kter\u00e1 shrnuje historii tohoto z\u00e1sadn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje pro sb\u011br a zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o emis\u00edch a p\u0159enosu zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako re\u00e1ln\u00fd dopad IRZ na chov\u00e1n\u00ed podnik\u016f, kter\u00e9 se d\u00edky pravideln\u00e9mu zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek dlouhodob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed o zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch dopad\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed nejen v okol\u00ed sv\u00fdch podnik\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V posledn\u00edm roce tak\u00e9 zes\u00edlily aktivity na zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed registr\u016f zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch i mimo evropsk\u00fd prostor, kter\u00e9 Arnika podpo\u0159ila vyd\u00e1n\u00edm glob\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fvodce pro ob\u010dansk\u00fd sektor \u201cPollutant Release and Transfer Register and Civil Society<\/a>\u201d a spolu s m\u00edstn\u00ed organizac\u00ed Nexus3 tak\u00e9 organizov\u00e1n\u00edm konference v Indon\u00e9sii  po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna 2024. Na konec listopadu pak byl z\u00e1stupce Arniky pozv\u00e1n sekretari\u00e1tem Aarhusk\u00e9 \u00famluvy, aby vystoupil na kulat\u00e9m stole jej\u00edho PRTR Protokolu v \u017denev\u011b a prezentoval glob\u00e1ln\u00ed studii o registrech a ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n\n

Vybran\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s vysokou toxicitou<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Rtu\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Osm z deseti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f \u00faniku rtuti <\/a>do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a tepl\u00e1rny (na 1.-8. m\u00edst\u011b). Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b jsou elektr\u00e1rna Po\u010derady n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rnou Chvaletice a elektr\u00e1rnami Prun\u00e9\u0159ov a Ledvice. Elektr\u00e1rna Chvaletice ro\u010dn\u00ed objem emis\u00ed rtuti meziro\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila, a to o zhruba 200 kg\/rok, d\u016fvodem ov\u0161em byla ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny, ne dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed limit\u016f. Meziro\u010dn\u011b se celkov\u00e9 emise rtuti ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 do IRZ sn\u00ed\u017eily o v\u00edce jak 600 kg.<\/p>\n\n

Dioxiny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dioxin\u016f<\/a> v hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch do IRZ meziro\u010dn\u011b narostlo ze 107 na 111 gram\u016f TEQ\/rok p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v p\u0159erovsk\u00e9 tepl\u00e1rn\u011b a u n\u011bkter\u00fdch spaloven odpad\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b spaloven komun\u00e1ln\u00edch odpad\u016f v Praze \u2013 Male\u0161ic\u00edch a v Brn\u011b. Tak\u00e9 T\u0159ineck\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny mno\u017estv\u00ed dioxin\u016f v odpadech meziro\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily. V \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku tak z\u016fstaly na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. K nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m spaloven odpad\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed snaha odpady s obsahem dioxin\u016f takzvan\u011b recyklovat do r\u016fzn\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. I t\u00e9to problematice se v\u011bnuje nov\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed studie \u201eWaste Incineration and the Environment\u201c (Spalovny odpad\u016f a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed), kterou Arnika zve\u0159ejnila<\/a> v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024.<\/p>\n\n

Styren<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Emise styrenu<\/a> ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 do IRZ meziro\u010dn\u011b narostly o v\u00edce jak 5 tun\/rok na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 103 tuny. Oproti roku 2015 jde v\u0161ak o 50 tun\/rok ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed. Na n\u00e1r\u016fstu emis\u00ed styrenu se nejv\u00edce pod\u00edlely dv\u011b firmy, a to Synthos Kralupy a.s. a v\u00fdrobce hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f C. Bechstein Europe v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Oba tyto provozy svoje ro\u010dn\u00ed emise styrenu oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu roku v podstat\u011b zdvojn\u00e1sobily. Jsou v\u0161ak i provozy, kter\u00e9 emise styrenu meziro\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim nap\u0159\u00edklad ACO Industries T\u00e1bor s.r.o.<\/p>\n\n

Formaldehyd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco emise styrenu byly v roce 2023 na vzestupu, zaznamenaly emise formaldehydu<\/a> v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokles na svoje historick\u00e9 minimum, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u011blo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu emis\u00ed rakovinotvorn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Rockwool Ostrava sn\u00ed\u017eil svoje emise o v\u00edce jak 4,5 tuny\/rok a D\u0159evozpracuj\u00edc\u00ed dru\u017estvo Lukavec je\u0161t\u011b o v\u00edce, tedy o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 5 tun\/rok. Nejv\u00edce je v\u0161ak sn\u00ed\u017eil provoz Saint-Gobain Adfors CZ s. r. o. v Litomy\u0161li (o v\u00edce jak 7 tun). Celkov\u011b bylo do IRZ za rok 2023 ohl\u00e1\u0161eno zhruba 8,5 tuny emis\u00ed formaldehydu, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 cca jejich objemu ze jeden jedin\u00fd provoz za rok p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. T\u00edm byl ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd Saint-Gobain Adfors CZ s. r. o. v Litomy\u0161li.<\/p>\n\n

Emise \u0161kodlivin do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

 Za rok 2023 ohl\u00e1sily na\u0161e pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 provozy m\u00e9n\u011b sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/a> ne\u017e za rok 2020, tedy v obdob\u00ed covidu. Ze zdroj\u016f sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v prvn\u00ed des\u00edtce jejich emise zv\u00fd\u0161ily meziro\u010dn\u011b jen elektr\u00e1rny Tu\u0161imice. Ostatn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny ozn\u00e1mily jejich v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokles. Mimo elektr\u00e1rny jsou v prvn\u00ed des\u00edtce tak\u00e9 chemi\u010dka Unipetrol pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed skupin\u011b Orlen, T\u0159ineck\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny a pap\u00edrna Mondi \u0160t\u011bt\u00ed.  Zcela z n\u00ed vypadla hu\u0165 Liberty Ostrava a. s.<\/p>\n\n

Prach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Emise prachu v \u010cR setrvale klesaj\u00ed. V roce 2023 byly ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 300 tun za rok. Po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b sesadila z prvn\u00edho m\u00edsta v t\u00e9to kategorii hu\u0165 Liberty Ostrava a. s. elektr\u00e1rna Po\u010derady, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee svoje emise meziro\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila. Emise prachu z Liberty Ostrava a. s. meziro\u010dn\u011b klesly o v\u00edce jak polovinu, tedy o v\u00edce jak 170 tun\/rok. Celkov\u00fd pokles emis\u00ed prachu z klasick\u00fdch velk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f tak dal vyniknout \u010dedi\u010dov\u00e9mu lomu Basalt v M\u011brunic\u00edch v \u010cesk\u00e9m st\u0159edoho\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00fd se s 15 tunami pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu<\/a> stal jeho osm\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem v cel\u00e9 \u010cR a zdatn\u011b tak sekunduje nap\u0159\u00edklad nedalek\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b Ledvice, kter\u00e1 vypustila p\u0159es 73 tun prachu za rok, tedy o cca 16 tun m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e za rok p\u0159edchoz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Rakovinotvorn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Spolana Neratovice<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se dr\u017e\u00ed na nechvaln\u00e9m prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b tohoto \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku, sn\u00ed\u017eila meziro\u010dn\u011b emise vinylchloridu, a to o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 tuny\/rok. Razantn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed formaldehydu o v\u00edce jak sedm tun\/rok sesadilo provoz Saint-Gobain Adfors CZ s. r. o. v Litomy\u0161li ze druh\u00e9ho na osm\u00e9 m\u00edsto v tomto \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Elektr\u00e1rna Chvaletice pak sn\u00ed\u017eila emise arsenu pod \u00farove\u0148 roku 2021, meziro\u010dn\u011b tedy o skoro \u010dty\u0159i tuny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Integrovan\u00fd registr zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159inesl s daty za rok 2023 dobrou zpr\u00e1vu: A\u017e na v\u00fdjimky mno\u017estv\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu roku kleslo. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":3892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[25,23,19],"p4-page-type":[14],"class_list":["post-21054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","tag-bez-chemie","tag-ovzdusi","p4-page-type-tiskova-zprava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21054"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21057,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21054\/revisions\/21057"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21054"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=21054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}