{"id":21107,"date":"2024-10-23T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=21107"},"modified":"2024-10-22T19:02:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T18:02:12","slug":"klimaticke-politiky-nejsou-vinikem-drahoty-a-socialnich-nerovnosti-mohou-byt-naopak-resenim-vlada-se-ale-musi-chopit-prilezitosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-analyza\/21107\/klimaticke-politiky-nejsou-vinikem-drahoty-a-socialnich-nerovnosti-mohou-byt-naopak-resenim-vlada-se-ale-musi-chopit-prilezitosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Klimatick\u00e9 politiky nejsou vin\u00edkem drahoty a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch nerovnost\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt naopak \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Vl\u00e1da se ale mus\u00ed chopit p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

23. 10. 2024: Vl\u00e1da dnes projedn\u00e1 ve t\u0159et\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed novelu z\u00e1kona o emisn\u00edch obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 tzv. povolenky pro dom\u00e1cnosti. Ty v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu ETS2 zpoplatn\u00ed emise ze silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy a lok\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, \u010cesko bude ale \u010dist\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjemcem v\u00fdnos\u016f z jejich obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Povolenky tak mohou pomoci investovat do infrastruktury, obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie i podpo\u0159it soci\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel. Pokud ale syst\u00e9m ETS2 nebude zanesen do \u010desk\u00e9 legislativy, hroz\u00ed n\u00e1m naopak pokuty, odd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zdroj\u016fm financov\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 <\/strong>a\u017e 4x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na ne\u010dinnost v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed klimatickou politikou.<\/strong><\/a> Co si na\u0161e vl\u00e1da vybere?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se v m\u00e9di\u00edch \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se zkratkovit\u00fdm spojov\u00e1n\u00edm klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed se zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a rostouc\u00ed energetickou a dopravn\u00ed chudobou. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b sklo\u0148ovan\u00e9 je i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu emisn\u00edho obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed, takzvan\u00e9 ETS2, jeho\u017e zaveden\u00ed vl\u00e1da odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 a kv\u016fli kter\u00e9mu zarazila i schv\u00e1len\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch a energetick\u00fdch strategi\u00ed. Nen\u00ed tomu ale tak. Pokud se vl\u00e1da chop\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, mohou pr\u00e1v\u011b klimatick\u00e9 politiky v\u010detn\u011b ETS2 p\u0159edstavovat efektivn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Naopak ne\u010dinnost a odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 krize m\u016f\u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce prohloubit. <\/p>\n\n

Opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159inesou i spoustu v\u00fdhod<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Klimatick\u00e9 politiky maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l p\u0159in\u00e9st investice, nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f pro dom\u00e1cnosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it klimatickou krizi, zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed neziskov\u00e9 organizace zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se ochranou klimatu a humanit\u00e1rn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami. Debata o pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch, jako je ETS2, je ale \u010dasto komplikovan\u00e1, postr\u00e1d\u00e1 kontext a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 skupiny nav\u00edc vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obavy z transformace k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f. I proto Institut EUROPEUM ve spolupr\u00e1ci s organizacemi Fakta o klimatu, Institut 2050, \u010clov\u011bk v t\u00edsni, Sound of Science, Asociace pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, Greenpeace \u010cR, Centrum pro dopravu a energetiku a Hnut\u00ed DUHA zorganizoval setk\u00e1n\u00ed s novin\u00e1\u0159stvem<\/a> s c\u00edlem vn\u00e9st do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debaty d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 fakta i ot\u00e1zky a pomoct nasm\u011brovat pozornost tam, kde le\u017e\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. <\/p>\n\n

Stra\u0161\u00e1k jm\u00e9nem ETS2, kter\u00e9ho nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se b\u00e1t?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V syst\u00e9mu emisn\u00edho obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed ETS (ETS – Emission Trading System<\/em>) plat\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 za emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f z jejich \u010dinnost n\u00e1kupem tzv. emisn\u00edch povolenek. Tento mechanismus je navr\u017een tak, aby do ceny fosiln\u00edch paliv zapo\u010d\u00edtal \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 jejich spalov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje, a motivoval k p\u0159echodu na n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie. Nov\u00e1 f\u00e1ze, tzv. ETS2, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed emisn\u00ed povolenky na silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed budov, co\u017e jsou oblasti s velk\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Ji\u017e tento t\u00fdden m\u00e1 vl\u00e1da projedn\u00e1vat t\u0159et\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed novely z\u00e1kona o emisn\u00edm obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Do n\u011bj m\u011blo b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u00e1no i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ETS2, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pouze sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch emis\u00ed, nikoliv jejich obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed skrze povolenky. P\u0159ijet\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu ETS2 je nezbytn\u00e9, vl\u00e1da by s t\u00edmto krokem nem\u011bla nad\u00e1le ot\u00e1let. D\u0159\u00edve komunikovan\u00fd narativ, \u017ee syst\u00e9m ETS2 bude zru\u0161en, je nejen myln\u00fd, ale tak\u00e9 ohro\u017euje na\u0161i pozici v r\u00e1mci unijn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 politiky. Za odlo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed strategick\u00fdch energeticko-klimatick\u00fdch dokument\u016f se \u010cR dostala do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o nedodr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f ze strany Evropsk\u00e9 komise, pokud nep\u0159ijme ani aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed novelu k ETS2, hroz\u00ed n\u00e1m pokuty \u010di nemo\u017enost \u010derpat Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00fd fond. <\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdnosy z prodan\u00fdch povolenek toti\u017e z \u010cR neodt\u00e9kaj\u00ed. Naopak, syst\u00e9m ETS je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem financ\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebujeme na energetickou transformaci, modernizaci vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad zlep\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy. V\u00fdnosy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity na pro-klimatick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a investice. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ETS2 je tak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed i struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k financ\u00edm nap\u0159\u00edklad na modernizaci vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nebo dekarbonizaci sv\u00e9 mobility, a to v r\u00e1mci Soci\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho fondu. Celkov\u011b tedy ETS a ETS2 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed krok sm\u011brem k udr\u017eitelnosti, ekologick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti a ekonomick\u00e9 stabilit\u011b, a proto bychom se k nim m\u011bli stav\u011bt jako k p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, nikoli jako k hrozb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Klimatick\u00e9 politiky mohou \u010cesku pomoci \u0159e\u0161it ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

I kdy\u017e zaveden\u00ed emisn\u00edch povolenek m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it ceny energi\u00ed a pohonn\u00fdch hmot, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee dopravn\u00ed a energetick\u00e1 chudoba v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice existuj\u00ed u\u017e dlouho. Tyto probl\u00e9my se v\u00fdrazn\u011b prohloubily b\u011bhem energetick\u00e9 krize, kter\u00e1 vypukla po za\u010d\u00e1tku rusk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b. Hlavn\u00edm vin\u00edkem byly tehdy vysok\u00e9 ceny plynu, nikoli emisn\u00ed povolenky. V sou\u010dasnosti \u010del\u00ed v \u010cesku dopravn\u00ed chudob\u011b 3 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed a energetick\u00e9 chudob\u011b 2,7 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. <\/a><\/p>\n\n

Zaveden\u00ed ETS2 a doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00fd fond maj\u00ed naopak potenci\u00e1l p\u0159in\u00e9st systematickou podporu ohro\u017een\u00fdm dom\u00e1cnostem.<\/a> Tento syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee financovat podporu pro n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti tak, aby se zbavily vysok\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti a z\u00e1vislosti na cenov\u011b nevyzpytateln\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch palivech. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ale je, aby byly tyto v\u00fdnosy skute\u010dn\u011b investov\u00e1ny do program\u016f, kter\u00e9 pomohou transformovat hospoda\u0159en\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed s energi\u00ed, dopravn\u00ed oblu\u017enost a elektrifikovanou ve\u0159ejnou dopravu. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed m\u00e1 v rukou vl\u00e1da. \u010cesko je \u010dist\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjemcem Soci\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho fondu, kter\u00fd je financov\u00e1n syst\u00e9mem ETS2 a do kter\u00e9ho tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty EU.<\/p>\n\n

Jak\u00e1 je naopak cena na\u0161\u00ed ne\u010dinnosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Evropa se v sou\u010dasnosti pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s bezprecedentn\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e leto\u0161n\u00ed l\u00e9to bylo nejteplej\u0161\u00ed od za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. V \u010cR je oteplen\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sv\u011btov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed povodn\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsme v \u010cesku za\u017eili p\u0159ed p\u00e1r t\u00fddny, budou podle v\u011bdc\u016f bez sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a a\u017e o 7 % intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/a> To jsou alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla. Pr\u00e1v\u011b klimatick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1m mohou pomoci tyto hrozby zm\u00edr\u0148ovat a p\u0159ipravovat spole\u010dnost na jejich dopady. <\/p>\n\n

Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou finan\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 jejich implementac\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1me, v\u0161ak tuto investici v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed. P\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch dekarboniza\u010dn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f v souladu s teplotn\u00edm c\u00edlem 1,5 \u00b0C by Evropsk\u00e1 unie d\u00edky rozvoji nov\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a modernizaci mohla ji\u017e do roku 2030 z\u00edskat nejm\u00e9n\u011b 1 bilion eur. Pro \u010cesko by vedlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy rychl\u00e9ho sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed \u010dinily do roku 2030 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 439 miliard korun, tj. 6,8 % HDP. Klimatick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed mohou tak\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e9st n\u00e1r\u016fst nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a\u017e o 2,5 % a zv\u00fd\u0161it zam\u011bstnanost ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ne\u010dinnost\u00ed. Co se naopak stane, pokud se rozhodneme do klimatick\u00fdch investic\u00ed neinvestovat? Ne\u010dinnost by mohla st\u00e1t a\u017e 4x v\u00edce ne\u017e investice do klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Nav\u00edc by ji odnesly pr\u00e1v\u011b ty nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupiny obyvatel.<\/p>\n\n

Marta Janko (Greenpeace \u010cesk\u00e1 republika), Rebeka Hengalov\u00e1 (EUROPEUM), za p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed autor\u016f factsheetu<\/a>.
<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vl\u00e1da tento t\u00fdden projedn\u00e1 ve t\u0159et\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed novelu z\u00e1kona o emisn\u00edch obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 tzv. povolenky pro dom\u00e1cnosti. Ty v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu ETS2 zpoplatn\u00ed emise ze silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":21109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[26,20],"p4-page-type":[33],"class_list":["post-21107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-obnovitelne-zdroje","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-tiskova-analyza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21107"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21110,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21107\/revisions\/21110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21107"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=21107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}