{"id":21166,"date":"2024-11-07T16:51:09","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T15:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=21166"},"modified":"2024-11-25T15:35:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T14:35:38","slug":"globalni-plastova-umluva-jedinecna-sance-skoncovat-s-plastovou-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/21166\/globalni-plastova-umluva-jedinecna-sance-skoncovat-s-plastovou-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastov\u00e1 \u00famluva: Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161ance skoncovat s plastovou kriz\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p>Plasty ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd aspekt na\u0161eho \u017eivota. A\u010dkoliv byly p\u016fvodn\u011b oslavov\u00e1ny pro sv\u00e9 v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed, jejich nadm\u011brn\u00e1 produkce a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady zp\u016fsobily celosv\u011btovou krizi. Plasty dnes doslova dus\u00ed na\u0161i planetu, ni\u010d\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, ohro\u017euj\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. Krizi v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme spole\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it \u2013 p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi stoj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost schv\u00e1lit Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastovou \u00famluvu.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plasty: od materi\u00e1lu budoucnosti k ekologick\u00e9 katastrof\u011b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed se produkce plast\u016f rapidn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Plast, p\u016fvodn\u011b oslavovan\u00fd pro svou trvanlivost, lehkost a odolnost, dnes dominuje v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch a je b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho \u017eivota. Bohu\u017eel, jeho dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost a n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady z n\u011bj u\u010dinily obrovsk\u00fd ekologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Ka\u017edou vte\u0159inu se vyprodukuje 10 000 kg plastu, do oce\u00e1n\u016f se dostane 400 kg plastov\u00e9ho odpadu a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se 17 000 plastov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed. V\u00fdsledek? Plasty zamo\u0159ily oce\u00e1ny, p\u016fdu, vzduch i na\u0161i t\u011blesnou schr\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n<p>Plastov\u00fd odpad pronik\u00e1 do v\u0161ech kout\u016f na\u0161\u00ed planety \u2013 od arktick\u00fdch ledovc\u016f po tropick\u00e9 kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy. Plasty byly nalezeny v t\u011blech mo\u0159sk\u00fdch savc\u016f, ryb i pt\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e9 je \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00ed za potravu. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f dnes a\u017e 90 % mo\u0159sk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f m\u00e1 plasty ve sv\u00fdch st\u0159evech. Mikroplasty se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do na\u0161eho j\u00eddla, vody i vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me. A tak se plasty dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do na\u0161ich t\u011bl \u2013 do krve, org\u00e1n\u016f a dokonce i do mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka. Dnes ji\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee plasty ohro\u017euj\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed: l\u00e1tky uvol\u0148ovan\u00e9 z plast\u016f, jako jsou bisfenoly a ftal\u00e1ty, maj\u00ed negativn\u00ed vliv na n\u00e1\u0161 endokrinn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, mohou zp\u016fsobovat hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed poruchy, zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko vzniku rakoviny a negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat v\u00fdvoj d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/1b9a2e0c-gp0stt3fe-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/1b9a2e0c-gp0stt3fe-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/1b9a2e0c-gp0stt3fe-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/1b9a2e0c-gp0stt3fe-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/1b9a2e0c-gp0stt3fe-1024x683-1-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Klimatick\u00e1 krize a plasty: propojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze ignorovat<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody a zdrav\u00ed se plasty v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na klimatick\u00e9 krizi. Plasty jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z ropy a zemn\u00edho plynu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich produkce p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. V roce 2019 emise spojen\u00e9 s produkc\u00ed a spalov\u00e1n\u00edm plast\u016f dos\u00e1hly 850 milion\u016f tun oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, co\u017e je ekvivalent emis\u00ed 189 uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. Pokud se sou\u010dasn\u00fd trend nezm\u011bn\u00ed, emise z plastov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu by mohly do roku 2050 p\u0159edstavovat a\u017e 13 % celkov\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastov\u00e1 \u00famluva: \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nem\u016f\u017eeme promarnit<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Abychom tuto glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krizi vy\u0159e\u0161ili, sv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed nyn\u00ed jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159ijet\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastov\u00e9 \u00famluvy. V roce 2022 se na shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed v Nairobi se\u0161lo 175 zem\u00ed a dohodly se na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b t\u00e9to smlouvy. Na konci listopadu 2024 prob\u011bhne v jihokorejsk\u00e9m Busanu fin\u00e1ln\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kde se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1ty dos\u00e1hnou konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f a opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 povedou ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed produkce plast\u016f a efektivn\u00edmu nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s plastov\u00fdm odpadem.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00damluva by m\u011bla zahrnovat:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed produkce plast\u016f<\/strong> a nahrazen\u00ed nej\u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch plast\u016f a jejich p\u0159\u00edsad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ukon\u010den\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> od v\u00fdroby a\u017e po likvidaci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Postupn\u00e9 vy\u0159azen\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f<\/strong> a zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch obal\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kaz v\u011bdom\u00e9ho p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mikroplast\u016f<\/strong> do v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1sadu \u201ezne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel plat\u00ed\u201c<\/strong>, aby ti, kdo zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, nesli n\u00e1klady na likvidaci a recyklaci plastov\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Boj proti z\u00e1jm\u016fm ropn\u00e9ho a chemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Schv\u00e1len\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed dohody v\u0161ak \u010del\u00ed siln\u00e9mu tlaku pr\u016fmyslu fosiln\u00edch paliv, chemick\u00fdch firem a n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1d. Tito akt\u00e9\u0159i maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed produkce plast\u016f, proto\u017ee plastov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st jejich zisk\u016f. Oslabuj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by zav\u00e1zala ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed produkce plast\u016f a podpo\u0159ila vyu\u017eit\u00ed alternativn\u00edch a ekologick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Pokud jejich \u00fasil\u00ed usp\u011bje, produkce plast\u016f se do roku 2050 m\u016f\u017ee a\u017e ztrojn\u00e1sobit, co\u017e by zp\u016fsobilo nezvratn\u00e9 \u0161kody na klimatu, zdrav\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-obslu-n-rutina-k-du-pro-vlo-en wp-block-embed-obslu-n-rutina-k-du-pro-vlo-en wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chceme glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastovou dohodu!\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cDh7HOHjqD0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Podpora ve\u0159ejnosti a v\u00fdzva <\/strong><strong><em>Plast je past<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Abychom zabr\u00e1nili oslaben\u00ed Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastov\u00e9 \u00famluvy, je nezbytn\u00e9, aby se do kampan\u011b zapojila co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost. V\u00fdzva <em>Plast je past<\/em> umo\u017e\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu projevit podporu siln\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b, kter\u00e1 omez\u00ed plastov\u00fd odpad a ochr\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161e prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Hlas ve\u0159ejnosti pomohou vytvo\u0159it tlak na politiky, aby schv\u00e1lili ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m: d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok v \u010cesku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je i zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na PET lahve a hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 plechovky v \u010cesku. Tento syst\u00e9m motivuje spot\u0159ebitele k vracen\u00ed obal\u016f a umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich efektivn\u00ed recyklaci. Zku\u0161enosti z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje m\u00edru sb\u011bru a recyklace, a t\u00edm sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed odpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 kon\u010d\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nebo na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch. V zem\u00edch, kde z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed funguje, se poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout m\u00edry sb\u011bru a recyklace v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 %, v \u010desku se zat\u00edm recykluje okolo 50 % PET lahv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/e30cf216-greenpeace-main_i.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/e30cf216-greenpeace-main_i.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/e30cf216-greenpeace-main_i-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/e30cf216-greenpeace-main_i-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/e30cf216-greenpeace-main_i-453x340.jpg 453w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je nav\u00edc nezbytn\u00e9 k dosa\u017een\u00ed recykla\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f EU. Sm\u011brnice EU o jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch plastech ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm povinnost sb\u011bru 90 % PET lahv\u00ed do roku 2029. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed zajist\u00ed dostupnost kvalitn\u00edho recyklovateln\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e podporuje cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiku a sni\u017euje z\u00e1vislost na prim\u00e1rn\u00edch surovin\u00e1ch, jako je ropa.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jak m\u016f\u017eete pomoci?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed je \u010das jednat. Podeps\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdzvy <em>Plast je past<\/em> podpo\u0159\u00edte Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastovou \u00famluvu a vy\u0161lete jasn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee po\u017eadujeme sv\u011bt bez plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme pomoci prosadit opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 omez\u00ed produkci plast\u016f, chr\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a podpo\u0159\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 obaly.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<section\n\t\t\tclass=\"boxout  \"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Image\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"cover-card-overlay\"\n\t\t\t\thref=\"#\" \n\t\t\t><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/21da33b6-turtle_platsic_small.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/21da33b6-turtle_platsic_small-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/21da33b6-turtle_platsic_small-508x340.jpg 508w, https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/21da33b6-turtle_platsic_small.jpg 750w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(min-width: 1000px) 358px, (min-width: 780px) 313px, 88px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\" title=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n            \t\t\t<div class=\"boxout-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"boxout-heading medium\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-category=\"Take Action Boxout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-action=\"Title\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-ga-label=\"n\/a\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCHCEME GLOB\u00c1LN\u00cd PLASTOVOU DOHODU!\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plasty ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd aspekt na\u0161eho \u017eivota. A\u010dkoliv byly p\u016fvodn\u011b oslavov\u00e1ny pro sv\u00e9 v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed, jejich nadm\u011brn\u00e1 produkce a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady zp\u016fsobily celosv\u011btovou krizi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":21172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[18,21],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-21166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazeno","tag-oceany","tag-plast-je-past","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21166"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21254,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21166\/revisions\/21254"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21166"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=21166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}