{"id":21261,"date":"2024-11-28T16:06:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T15:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=21261"},"modified":"2024-11-28T16:06:08","modified_gmt":"2024-11-28T15:06:08","slug":"klimaticka-konference-cop29-skoncila-nedostatecnym-cilem-pro-financovani-klimatickych-opatreni-co-bude-dal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/21261\/klimaticka-konference-cop29-skoncila-nedostatecnym-cilem-pro-financovani-klimatickych-opatreni-co-bude-dal\/","title":{"rendered":"Klimatick\u00e1 konference COP29 skon\u010dila nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Co bude d\u00e1l?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Skon\u010dila dev\u011btadvac\u00e1t\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klimatick\u00e1 konference (COP29) pod z\u00e1\u0161titou OSN, kter\u00e1 se konala od 11. do 24. listopadu v \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9m Baku. Hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem konference byly klimatick\u00e9 finance, vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ale skon\u010dila minim\u00e1ln\u00ed dohodou o nov\u00e9m c\u00edli pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v rozvojov\u00fdch st\u00e1tech ve v\u00fd\u0161i 300 miliard dolar\u016f do roku 2035. Debatu o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a odchodu od fosiln\u00edch paliv op\u011bt brzdily zem\u011b profituj\u00edc\u00ed z fosiln\u00edch paliv.<\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se bavit o klimatick\u00fdch financ\u00edch? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Klimatick\u00e9 finance a slad\u011bn\u00ed jejich tok\u016f s p\u0159echodem na n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkovou ekonomiku jsou jedn\u00edm z t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohody, vedle mitigace – sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a adaptace – p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se dopad\u016fm klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. V Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohod\u011b se smluvn\u00ed strany domluvily na tom, \u017ee do roku 2025 sjednaj\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u0159eby a priority rozvojov\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161i 100 mld. dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Nov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd c\u00edl (nov\u00fd kolektivn\u00ed kvantifikovan\u00fd c\u00edl pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, NCQG) dohodnut\u00fd na leto\u0161n\u00ed konferenci nahradil dohodu z COP15 z roku 2009. Tehdy se 24 st\u00e1t\u016f a Evropsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed zav\u00e1zalo p\u0159isp\u00edvat rozvojov\u00fdm \u2013 a klimaticky nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2013 st\u00e1t\u016fm a kolektivn\u011b mobilizovat 100 miliard dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b do roku 2020, a to zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Zelen\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho fondu. Term\u00edn spln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edle se pozd\u011bji posunul do roku 2025, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se ho zat\u00edm poda\u0159ilo naplnit jen jednou, v roce 2022 (data pro roky 2023 a 2024 nejsou dostupn\u00e1). V\u011bt\u0161inu poskytnut\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed nav\u00edc tvo\u0159ily p\u016fj\u010dky, kter\u00e9 vedly k zadlu\u017een\u00ed mnoha rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Dlouhodob\u00e9 nepln\u011bn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f vede k ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159e mezi rozvinut\u00fdmi a rozvojov\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a k politick\u00e9 citlivosti t\u00e9matu. Investi\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby spojen\u00e9 s ochranou klimatu jsou vysok\u00e9, av\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed st\u00e1le jen zlomek n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s dopady zm\u011bny klimatu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1r\u016fstu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty v\u00fdrazn\u011b nad 1,5\u00b0C do konce stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily hlubok\u00e9 zklam\u00e1n\u00ed z v\u00fdsledk\u016f finan\u010dn\u00edho c\u00edle. Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed vystoupily Indie, Kuba, Bol\u00edvie a Nig\u00e9rie, aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili nesouhlas s t\u00edmto c\u00edlem. Dohodnut\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edl 300 miliard dolar\u016f do roku 2035 p\u0159edstavuje, s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k inflaci, mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e trojn\u00e1sobek p\u0159edchoz\u00edho z\u00e1vazku ve v\u00fd\u0161i 100 miliard dolar\u016f. Tento c\u00edl je nedostate\u010dn\u00fd a neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 rozsahu rostouc\u00edch pot\u0159eb rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed na mitigaci, adaptaci a vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed se se ztr\u00e1tami a \u0161kodami zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi klimatickou zm\u011bnou, kter\u00e9 se moment\u00e1ln\u011b odhaduj\u00ed na 1,3 bili\u00f3nu dolar\u016f.<\/a> Nav\u00edc ani tento nov\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edl nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s \u017e\u00e1dnou z\u00e1rukou, \u017ee nebude realizov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u016fj\u010dek nam\u00edsto ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na grantech, kter\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b zoufale pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Nav\u00edc fosiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, navzdory sv\u00fdm miliardov\u00fdm zisk\u016fm, byl u\u0161et\u0159en jak\u00e9koliv odpov\u011bdnosti za placen\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti podle principu \u201ezne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel plat\u00ed\u201d. P\u0159itom pokud by se zavedla da\u0148 z t\u011b\u017eby fosiln\u00edch paliv <\/a>a zavedly by ji pouze zem\u011b OECD (Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj), mohla by p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 sazb\u011b 5 USD za tunu CO2, kter\u00e1 by se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok zvy\u0161ovala o 5 USD za tunu CO2, p\u0159in\u00e9st 900 miliard dolar\u016f do roku 2030. Z\u00e1bleskem nad\u011bje je dohoda, \u017ee do COP30, kter\u00fd se bude konat budouc\u00ed rok v brazilsk\u00e9m Bel\u00e9mu, bude vypracov\u00e1n pl\u00e1n na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

D\u00e1 se taky o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee nedostate\u010dn\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edl bude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dopad na \u00farove\u0148 ambic\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Zem\u011b si nestanov\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed c\u00edle sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed, pokud nebudou v\u011bd\u011bt, jak za n\u011b zaplat\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Kdo nese dopady zm\u011bny klimatu – ot\u00e1zka klimatick\u00e9 spravedlnosti <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dal\u0161\u00ed rok rekordn\u00edch teplot, oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch se oce\u00e1n\u016f, povodn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch dopad\u016f extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podtrhuj\u00ed nal\u00e9havost opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu. Emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f st\u00e1le rostou, podle \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Programu OSN pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/a> je sv\u011bt v sou\u010dasnosti na cest\u011b k n\u00e1r\u016fstu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty o 2,6 a\u017e 3,1 \u00b0C v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed dobou. Rovne\u017e tak st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed nerovnosti v nesen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za klimatickou zm\u011bnu a jej\u00ed dopady – \u0161est nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch producent\u016f emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/a> se na celosv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pod\u00edlelo 63 %. Naproti tomu emise 47 nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, na kter\u00e9 d\u016fsledky zm\u011bny klimatu dopadaj\u00ed nejv\u00edce, p\u0159edstavuje pouze 3 % glob\u00e1ln\u00edch emis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed boj o odchod od fosiln\u00edch paliv <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Zem\u011b se na konferenci COP29 nedok\u00e1zali dohodnout, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem by m\u011bly b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny v\u00fdsledky lo\u0148sk\u00e9 konference COP28 (tzv. UAE dialog) – v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1vazk\u016f ztrojn\u00e1sobit obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, zdvojn\u00e1sobit energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost a celosv\u011btov\u011b odej\u00edt od fosiln\u00edch paliv do roku 2030. Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bude pokra\u010dovat na klimatick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. A\u010dkoli toto odlo\u017een\u00ed nep\u0159edstavuje naprost\u00fd \u00fastup, jak se mnoh\u00e9 organizace ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a strany z rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed ob\u00e1valy, je hluboce znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed formulace \u201eodchod od fosiln\u00edch paliv\u201c z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sporn\u00fdm bodem. V \u010dele snah o vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tohoto jazyka z textu st\u00e1la u\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a podobn\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

O zastaven\u00ed pokroku ve vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch o odchodu od fosiln\u00edch paliv se postaralo tak\u00e9 p\u0159es 1700 lobbist\u016f uheln\u00e9ho, ropn\u00e9ho a plynov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed byli na konferenci p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed, co\u017e je podstatn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010din\u00ed deset delegac\u00ed klimaticky nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly dohromady 1033 deleg\u00e1t\u016f. Lobbist\u00e9 fosiln\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu na konferenci p\u0159e\u010d\u00edslily tak\u00e9 reprezentace v\u011bdeck\u00fdch instituc\u00ed \u010di domorod\u00fdch komunit. V tomto ohledu byla kontroverzn\u00ed i hostuj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b konference \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, kter\u00e1 je po Egypt\u011b (COP27) a Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech (COP28) dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edsedaj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed fosiln\u00ed paliva. V roce 2022 p\u0159edstavovaly tyto komodity zhruba 47,8 % HDP zem\u011b a v\u00edce ne\u017e 92,5 % jej\u00edch exportn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f<\/a>. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Ilham Alijev na zahajovac\u00edm ceremoni\u00e1lu rovn\u011b\u017e poznamenal, \u017ee ropa a zemn\u00ed plyn jeho zem\u011b jsou \u201edarem od Boha\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

To pr\u00e1vem vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 debaty o tom, zda by se klimatick\u00e9 konference m\u011bly konat v zem\u00edch profituj\u00edc\u00edch z v\u00fdvozu fosiln\u00edch paliv, nebo pouze v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 mohou prok\u00e1zat jasnou podporu klimatick\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm a maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidla pro omezen\u00ed lobbov\u00e1n\u00ed za fosiln\u00ed paliva, jak se b\u011bhem konference vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila skupina vlivn\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f na klimatickou politiku<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Greenpeace delegation with banner. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Co bude d\u00e1l?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk nastane v \u00fanoru 2025, kdy maj\u00ed v\u0161echny zem\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017eit sv\u00e9 aktualizovan\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny, tzv. vnitrost\u00e1tn\u011b stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDCs)  – n\u00e1rodn\u00ed (nebo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b EU region\u00e1ln\u00ed) p\u011btilet\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed. Tyto klimatick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny maj\u00ed obsahovat emisn\u00ed c\u00edle do roku 2035 a m\u011bly by odr\u00e1\u017eet c\u00edl Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody udr\u017eet pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplen\u00ed do konce stolet\u00ed v bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch hranic\u00edch 1,5 \u00b0C. Tato p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed budou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm testem toho, zda jsou vl\u00e1dy p\u0159ipraveny \u010delit nal\u00e9havosti klimatick\u00e9 krize a plnit z\u00e1vazky p\u0159ijat\u00e9 na ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch konferenc\u00edch. Mus\u00ed slou\u017eit jako zlomov\u00fd bod v implementaci odklonu od vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv (uhl\u00ed, ropy, plynu) a p\u0159in\u00e9st re\u00e1ln\u00fd pokrok k 10. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody.<\/p>\n\n

Pozitivem vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na COP29 je, \u017ee se da\u0159ilo sjednocovat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu a biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a budovat mosty mezi nimi. Momentum pro spojen\u00ed ochrany klimatu a biodiverzity bude na konferenci COP30, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok bude konat v Bel\u00e9mu v brazilsk\u00e9 Amazonii.<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Skon\u010dila dev\u011btadvac\u00e1t\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klimatick\u00e1 konference (COP29) pod z\u00e1\u0161titou OSN, kter\u00e1 se konala od 11. do 24. listopadu v \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9m Baku. Hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem konference byly klimatick\u00e9 finance, vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ale skon\u010dila minim\u00e1ln\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":21262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[20],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-21261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/72"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21261"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21266,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21261\/revisions\/21266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21261"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=21261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}