{"id":21422,"date":"2024-12-26T13:59:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=21422"},"modified":"2024-12-26T13:59:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:59:22","slug":"mikroplasty-kruta-dan-veku-plastu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/21422\/mikroplasty-kruta-dan-veku-plastu\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikroplasty: Krut\u00e1 da\u0148 v\u011bku plast\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Co jsou mikroplasty?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Mikroplasty jsou definov\u00e1ny jako drobn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 milimetr\u016f. Rozd\u011bluj\u00ed se na dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy: prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty<\/em>, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kosmetice, a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty<\/em>, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed rozkladem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch plastov\u00fdch odpad\u016f vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, vody, \u010di mechanick\u00fdch nebo chemick\u00fdch sil. Tyto drobn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice jsou dnes roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b – pronikaj\u00ed do mo\u0159sk\u00fdch i sladkovodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, p\u016fdy, nebo dokonce i do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je kontakt s nimi pro \u010dlov\u011bka i ostatn\u00ed \u017eivot na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b naprosto nevyhnuteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPlast je past\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Zastavme nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edval plastov\u00e9ho odpadu. Prosa\u010fme Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastovou dohodu a t\u00edm i zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010dist\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro n\u00e1s v\u0161echny.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\n

Jejich roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je d\u016fsledkem masivn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed produkce plast\u016f, kter\u00e1 aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159esahuje 400 milion\u016f tun ro\u010dn\u011b. Z tohoto astronomick\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla je nav\u00edc pouze naprost\u00fd zlomek spr\u00e1vn\u011b likvidov\u00e1n \u010di recyklov\u00e1n, co\u017e vede k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kataklyzmatick\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed planety. Zat\u00e1hnout za z\u00e1chrannou brzdu a zastavit jej\u00ed zamo\u0159en\u00ed odpadem m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed nov\u00e1 Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda o plastech, v tuto chv\u00edli \u017ehav\u00e9 t\u00e9ma na pl\u00e9nu OSN.<\/p>\n\n

Dopady mikroplast\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Mikroplasty byly objeveny ve v\u0161ech koutech oce\u00e1nu, od povrchov\u00fdch vod a\u017e po hloubky Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkopu. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rizikem pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 organizmy je po\u017eit\u00ed mikroplast\u016f, kter\u00e9 je \u010dasto i z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 (z\u00e1m\u011bna za potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed potravu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Filtruj\u00edc\u00ed organismy, jako jsou ml\u017ei a velryby, hromad\u00ed mikroplasty, co\u017e naru\u0161uje jejich p\u0159\u00edjem \u017eivin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mikroplasty naru\u0161uj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed kor\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed schopnost rozmno\u017eovat se a postupn\u011b ch\u0159adnou.
    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n

    P\u016fda a sladkovodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
      \n
    • Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda je kontaminov\u00e1na mikroplasty prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kal\u016f z \u010dist\u00edren odpadn\u00edch vod, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako hnojivo, a plastov\u00fdch foli\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Mikroplasty naru\u0161uj\u00ed strukturu p\u016fdy a mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010denstva, kter\u00e1 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro kolob\u011bh \u017eivin a r\u016fst rostlin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • V \u0159ek\u00e1ch a jezerech mikroplasty m\u011bn\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti vody, co\u017e ohro\u017euje vodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy i rostliny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      Toxicita pro \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
        \n
      • Mikroplasty z vody, p\u016fdy i vzduchu se hromad\u00ed v organismu zv\u00ed\u0159at (\u010dlov\u011bka nevyj\u00edmaje), co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plodnosti, po\u0161kozen\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu \u00fahynu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Lid\u00e9 jsou denn\u011b vystaveni mikroplast\u016fm zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konzumace kontaminovan\u00e9ho j\u00eddla a vody, vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech i skrze poko\u017eku pou\u017eit\u00edm kosmetiky. P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00fdzkum dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1, p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee chronick\u00e1 expozice mikroplast\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 dopady na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad na plodnost \u010di respira\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

        Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda o plastech: Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

        S ohledem na nal\u00e9havost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zah\u00e1jila Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohod\u011b o plastech. Tato pr\u016flomov\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dohoda, jej\u00ed\u017e fin\u00e1ln\u00ed podoba se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 v roce 2025, si klade za c\u00edl:<\/p>\n\n

         1. Omezen\u00ed produkce plast\u016f: Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 a jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 plasty prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1kaz\u016f, dan\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed podpory udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch alternativ.<\/p>\n\n

        2. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady: Podpora recyklace, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 likvidace a rozvoj cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky plast\u016f – nap\u0159\u00edklad zaveden\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9ho odb\u011bru plastov\u00fdch obal\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

        3. Omezen\u00ed mikroplast\u016f: Zaveden\u00ed regulac\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mikroplast\u016f p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech.<\/p>\n\n

        4. Podpora v\u00fdzkumu a inovac\u00ed: Financov\u00e1n\u00ed studi\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na pochopen\u00ed dopad\u016f mikroplast\u016f a v\u00fdvoj biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00fdch alternativn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f.
        <\/p>\n\n

        Tato dohoda p\u0159edstavuje unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pomyslnou z\u00e1chrannou brzdu, za kterou je t\u0159eba zat\u00e1hnout d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e bude pozd\u011b. Ambic\u00ed smlouvy je zejm\u00e9na zamezit plastov\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do roku 2040.<\/p>\n\n

        Jej\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed ov\u0161em vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ve spole\u010dnosti rozporupln\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou pro lidstvo plasty dobr\u00fdm sluhou, bez kter\u00e9ho si u\u017e prakticky nikdo z n\u00e1s nedovede p\u0159edstavit ani minutu sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Na stranu druhou jsou v\u0161ak zl\u00fdm p\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m v tichosti, av\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u011bji, onen \u017eivot zkracuje.<\/p>\n\n

        Pomoz n\u00e1m prosadit Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohodu o plastech a podepi\u0161 na\u0161i v\u00fdzvu Plast je past.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t

        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPlast je past\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

        Zastavme nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edval plastov\u00e9ho odpadu. Prosa\u010fme Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed plastovou dohodu a t\u00edm i zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010dist\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro n\u00e1s v\u0161echny.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \n Jdu do toho\n <\/a>\n \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Mikroplasty jsou definov\u00e1ny jako drobn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 milimetr\u016f. Rozd\u011bluj\u00ed se na dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy: prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":21237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"Mikroplasty: Krut\u00e1 da\u0148 v\u011bku plast\u016f","p4_og_description":"Mikroplasty jsou definov\u00e1ny jako drobn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 milimetr\u016f. Rozd\u011bluj\u00ed se na dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy: prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kosmetice, a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroplasty, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed rozkladem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch plastov\u00fdch odpad\u016f vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, vody, \u010di mechanick\u00fdch nebo chemick\u00fdch sil. Tyto drobn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice jsou dnes roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b - pronikaj\u00ed do mo\u0159sk\u00fdch i sladkovodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, p\u016fdy, nebo dokonce i do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je kontakt s nimi pro \u010dlov\u011bka i ostatn\u00ed \u017eivot na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b naprosto nevyhnuteln\u00fd.","p4_og_image":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2024\/11\/d099fb6f-shutterstock_2145381783-scaled.jpg","p4_og_image_id":"21237","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[21],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-21422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priroda","tag-plast-je-past","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21422"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21423,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21422\/revisions\/21423"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21422"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=21422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}