{"id":2186,"date":"2018-12-13T11:54:27","date_gmt":"2018-12-13T09:54:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=2186"},"modified":"2022-01-12T14:12:06","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T13:12:06","slug":"emisni-limity-pro-uhelne-elektrarny-srazi-jejich-znecisteni-na-ctvrtinu-zhatit-to-mohou-vyjimky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/2186\/emisni-limity-pro-uhelne-elektrarny-srazi-jejich-znecisteni-na-ctvrtinu-zhatit-to-mohou-vyjimky\/","title":{"rendered":"Emisn\u00ed limity pro uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny sraz\u00ed jejich zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na \u010dtvrtinu. Zhatit to mohou v\u00fdjimky"},"content":{"rendered":"

O 56-82 % prachu, o 51-79 % oxid\u016f dus\u00edku a o 66-91 % oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00e9n\u011b budou na vypou\u0161t\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, pokud spln\u00ed nov\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 emisn\u00ed limity. Zve\u0159ejnila to nov\u00e1 studie Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed [1]. Hlavn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost za to, aby \u010desk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny neunikly pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdjimek, nese ministr \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Richard Brabec. I proto, \u017ee na ja\u0159e nepodpo\u0159il poslaneck\u00fd n\u00e1vrh k novele z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdjimek vylu\u010dovala.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cR p\u0159ekra\u010duje z\u00e1konem dan\u00e9 koncentrace [2] a zp\u016fsobuje 11 tis\u00edc p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b [3]. Na\u0161e zem\u011b je z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedn\u00edm z rekordman\u016f v emis\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f na osobu. O jejich sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se nyn\u00ed jedn\u00e1 na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm klimatick\u00e9m summitu v polsk\u00fdch Katovic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"\"

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsou uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny.<\/p><\/div>\n

Na nov\u00fdch limitech (resp. nejlep\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch technik\u00e1ch) pro velk\u00e9 spalovac\u00ed zdroje se domluvily st\u00e1ty EU v roce 2017. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny nejpozd\u011bji v srpnu 2021 [4]. Zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzduch, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e9st, v\u0161ak st\u00e1le jist\u00fd nen\u00ed – uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny mohou z\u00edskat od krajsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f\u00a0\u00a0 v\u00fdjimky a limity nesplnit. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed proti rozhodnut\u00ed krajsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a celkov\u00e9 metodick\u00e9 veden\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00ed Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dosti elektr\u00e1ren o v\u0161emo\u017en\u00e9 \u00falevy i jejich schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zat\u00edm v \u010cR b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o odklad emisn\u00edch limit\u016f \u010di zdarma p\u0159id\u011blovan\u00e9 povolenky na emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Hnut\u00ed DUHA a Greenpeace varuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky by ohrozily nejen na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 energetickou bezpe\u010dnost st\u00e1tu a napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f St\u00e1tn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 koncepce \u010cR. Ta p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 pokles spot\u0159eby hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed o 73 %, a to zejm\u00e9na na \u00fakor uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren [5].<\/p>\n

Uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny toti\u017e mohou na nov\u00e9 limity reagovat n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby: 1) modernizac\u00ed filtr\u016f a technologi\u00ed na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zplodin, 2) ukon\u010den\u00edm provozu od srpna 2021 nebo 3) omezen\u00edm provozu na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 60 dn\u00ed v roce (v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b limity splnit nemus\u00ed) [6]. T\u00edm dojde k \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby uhl\u00ed (a tedy i emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f). Tak\u00e9 to zajist\u00ed\u00a0 preferenci dod\u00e1vek uhl\u00ed pro efektivn\u00ed tepl\u00e1rny, u nich\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky z limit\u016f v opravdu nutn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech smysl d\u00e1vat mohou.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je je \u010cR sedm\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00fdvozcem elekt\u0159iny [7], je mo\u017en\u00e9 prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren bez probl\u00e9m\u016f zav\u0159\u00edt ji\u017e nyn\u00ed a do roku 2030 lze zav\u0159\u00edt v\u0161echny. Uhl\u00ed by pak spalovaly po n\u011bjakou dobu jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 tepl\u00e1rny. Uk\u00e1zalo to ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 podrobn\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy [8]. T\u00edm by se v roce 2030 sn\u00ed\u017eilo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed i sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 exhalace je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc, ne\u017e spo\u010detla studie.

Ji\u0159\u00ed Ko\u017eelouh, programov\u00fd \u0159editel Hnut\u00ed DUHA, \u0159ekl:<\/b>
\u201c\u010cesk\u00e1 republika – a zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd ministr \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Richard Brabec – m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee to se sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed i emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f mysl\u00ed opravdu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Nesyt\u00e9mov\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky pro uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny by naopak byly dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00edrou do na\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 a ekologick\u00e9 politiky. Velk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny na v\u00fdvoz, sm\u011b\u0161n\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 da\u0148 z uhl\u00ed pro lok\u00e1ln\u00ed topeni\u0161t\u011b nemotivujic\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b paliva \u010di snaha v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edho \u010cEZu o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed velkolomu B\u00edlina ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee jsme zat\u00edm od adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed reakce na zm\u011bnu klimatu je\u0161t\u011b zatracen\u011b daleko. Doplat\u00ed na to ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad 11 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b zem\u0159ou na \u0161pinav\u00fd vzduch.\u201d<\/i>

Luk\u00e1\u0161 Hr\u00e1bek, tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed Greenpeace, \u0159ekl:<\/b>
\u201cNed\u00e1vno byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna studie Posledn\u00ed n\u00e1dech, kter\u00e1 jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 firmy EPH a \u010cEZ jsou v prvn\u00ed p\u011btce nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Firma EPH, kter\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny v N\u011bmecku, je na druh\u00e9 a polost\u00e1tn\u00ed gigant \u010cEZ na \u010dtvrt\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dce. Pokud bude \u010cesk\u00e1 republika narozd\u00edl od sv\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch soused\u016f ud\u011blovat uheln\u00fdm elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1m v\u00fdjimky, \u010cEZ by se velmi snadno mohl v hodnocen\u00ed posunout vzh\u016fru a\u017e na pomysln\u00e9 stupn\u011b v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f v z\u00e1vodech o to, kdo nejv\u00edce zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje. Pora\u017een\u00fdmi v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budeme my v\u0161ichni.\u201d\u00a0<\/i>[9]<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky:<\/b><\/p>\n

[1]https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/themes\/industry\/industrial-pollution-in-europe\/benefits-of-an-ambitious-implementation<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] Nov\u00e9 limity jsou uvedeny v technick\u00e9m dokumentu Z\u00e1v\u011bry o BAT (Best Available Techniques), kter\u00fd pro modernizaci elektr\u00e1ren bere v potaz nejlep\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 technologie. Proto\u017ee uheln\u00e9 firmy hlasit\u011b promlouvaly u\u017e do rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tomto dokumentu, v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 verze je kompromisn\u00ed a k provozovatel\u016fm elektr\u00e1ren m\u00edrn\u00e1. M\u00e1me tak nap\u0159\u00edklad mnohem benevolentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidla pro vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kodlivin, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 si na ochranu zdrav\u00ed sv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f schv\u00e1lila \u010c\u00edna. \u010cesk\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nespl\u0148uj\u00ed nov\u00e9 limity p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u oxid\u016f dus\u00edku, kde do\u0161lo k m\u00edrn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 200 na nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch 175 mg\/Nm3. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed – v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e1 je dnes nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatelem na sv\u011bt\u011b, plat\u00ed 100 mg\/Nm3. (Podrobnosti v angli\u010ditn\u011b:\u00a0https:\/\/unearthed.greenpeace.org\/2015\/03\/05\/bref-european-air-standards-worse-chinas\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0http:\/\/www.hnutiduha.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/publikace\/2018\/11\/znecisteni_ovzdusi_cr_podklad_cad_2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/air-quality-in-europe-2018<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0http:\/\/www.hnutiduha.cz\/aktualne\/potreba-hnedeho-uhli-se-dle-energeticke-koncepce-snizi-o-73-procent-teplarny-uhli-za-limity<\/a><\/p>\n

[6] Anal\u00fdza dopad\u016f zaveden\u00ed nov\u00fdch limit\u016f pro uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny v \u010cR, kter\u00e1 vznikla v reakci na n\u00e1vrh omezit v\u00fdjimky z nov\u00fdch limit\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo v z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed:\u00a0http:\/\/hnutiduha.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/publikace\/2018\/06\/infolist_vyjimky_ze_zdravi_kompromisni_navrh.pdf.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0http:\/\/hnutiduha.cz\/aktualne\/uhli-z-biliny-neni-potreba-tezba-poskodila-lidi-i-prirodu-shodly-se-odborne-vladni-vybory<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0http:\/\/www.hnutiduha.cz\/aktualne\/uhelne-elektrarny-vevodi-znecistovatelum-toxickou-rtuti-potvrzuji-cerstve-udaje<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0https:\/\/portal.cenia.cz\/eiasea\/download\/RUlBX01aUDQ3MV9kb2t1bWVudGFjZURPQ18xOTEyNzY3MDQxOTY0NzU3NTY2LnBkZg\/MZP471_dokumentace.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(str. 126-132)<\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0http:\/\/www.hnutiduha.cz\/aktualne\/loni-vyrazne-vzrostl-vyvoz-elektriny<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]\u00a0http:\/\/glopolis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Czech-Grid-Without-Coal-By-2030_fin.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[9] https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-czech-republic-stateless\/2018\/11\/5b304d7b-tisk1a_last-gasp-czoprava_final-1.pdf<\/p>\n

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O 56-82 % prachu, o 51-79 % oxid\u016f dus\u00edku a o 66-91 % oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00e9n\u011b budou na vypou\u0161t\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, pokud spln\u00ed nov\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 emisn\u00ed limity. Zve\u0159ejnila…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":2189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"not set","p4_local_project":"not set","p4_basket_name":"not set","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[19,25],"p4-page-type":[14],"class_list":["post-2186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-ovzdusi","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-tiskova-zprava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2186"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15965,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186\/revisions\/15965"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2186"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=2186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}