{"id":22439,"date":"2025-07-24T11:07:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T10:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=22439"},"modified":"2025-11-11T15:52:55","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T14:52:55","slug":"nejvyssi-mezinarodni-soud-rika-ze-staty-musi-chranit-klima-a-primet-znecistovatele-k-odpovednosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/tiskova-zprava\/22439\/nejvyssi-mezinarodni-soud-rika-ze-staty-musi-chranit-klima-a-primet-znecistovatele-k-odpovednosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soud \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed chr\u00e1nit klima a p\u0159im\u011bt zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele k odpov\u011bdnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr (ICJ), hlavn\u00ed soudn\u00ed org\u00e1n OSN, v\u010dera odpoledne vydal p\u0159elomov\u00e9 poradn\u00ed stanovisko v souvislosti s klimatickou kriz\u00ed.<\/a> Rozhodnut\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora (ICJ) posiluje odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1t\u016f podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va nad r\u00e1mec Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody, a to o n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch dodate\u010dn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b povinnosti v\u0161ech zem\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zet v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a povinnosti spolupracovat. Soud tak\u00e9 potvrdil, \u017ee st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed regulovat \u010dinnost firem, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u0161kody sv\u00fdmi emisemi, bez ohledu na to, kde ke \u0161kod\u00e1m doch\u00e1z\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011brem je, \u017ee pr\u00e1vo na \u010dist\u00e9, zdrav\u00e9 a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u2013 a \u017ee v\u00fdklad klimatick\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f by m\u011bl zohled\u0148ovat i spravedlnost v\u016f\u010di budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Danilo Garrido, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradce Greenpeace International, uvedl:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><em>\u201eTohle je za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry klimatick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. Stanovisko Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zlom pro klimatickou spravedlnost \u2013 poprv\u00e9 jasn\u011b stanovuje, jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed st\u00e1ty povinnosti v oblasti klimatu, a co v\u00edc: definuje i d\u016fsledky jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed. Otev\u00edr\u00e1 to dve\u0159e nov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm a m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st spravedlnost t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli ke klimatick\u00e9 krizi nejm\u00e9n\u011b, ale nejv\u00edce nesou jej\u00ed n\u00e1sledky. Poselstv\u00ed je jasn\u00e9: <\/em><strong><em>produkce, spot\u0159eba a dotace do fosiln\u00edch paliv mohou b\u00fdt poru\u0161en\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed p\u0159estat vypou\u0161t\u011bt emise a zaplatit za \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobili.<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e potvrzuje, \u017ee poru\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na pln\u00e9 od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch ztr\u00e1t a \u0161kod. Mezi n\u011b m\u016f\u017ee pat\u0159it kompenzace za \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 klimatickou zm\u011bnu a dokonce i nutnost okam\u017eit\u00e9ho zastaven\u00ed produkce emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f nad v\u011bdecky stanovenou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hranic\u00ed. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je ale z\u00e1vazek k ochran\u011b budouc\u00edch generac\u00ed a komunit nejv\u00edce zasa\u017een\u00fdch zm\u011bnou klimatu, kter\u00fd stanovuje bezprecedentn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 ochrany.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Jaroslav Bican, vedouc\u00ed energetick\u00e9 kampan\u011b Greenpeace \u010cR, \u0159ekl:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><em>\u201eJe z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, \u017ee i Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr potvrzuje, \u017ee zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed na klimatu, \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a komunit\u00e1ch, a \u017ee maj\u00ed za n\u011b platit na m\u00edsto lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b, ale nesou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopady klimatick\u00e9 krize. Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu sv\u00fdmi argumenty podporuje na\u0161i snahu p\u0159im\u011bt fosiln\u00ed korporace, aby nesly finan\u010dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za svou \u0161kodlivou \u010dinnost. P\u0159ed sn\u011bmovn\u00edmi volbami v \u010cesku jsme vyzvali politiky a politi\u010dky, aby zavedli <\/em><em>da\u0148 \u010di poplatek, kter\u00e9 by nav\u00e1zaly na letos kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed da\u0148 <\/em><em><br><\/em><em>z neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch zisk\u016f. Ty by zpoplatnily<\/em><em> nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zisky fosiln\u00edch korporac\u00ed z \u010dinnosti \u0161kod\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k extr\u00e9m\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sledujeme v\u0161ude po sv\u011bt\u011b. To <\/em><em>je <\/em><em>z na\u0161eho pohledu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok pro pln\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f podle principu zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel plat\u00ed.<\/em><em>\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Toto rozhodnut\u00ed navazuje na r<a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/\">ozsudek Interamerick\u00e9ho soudu pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ze za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bs\u00edce<\/a>, kter\u00fd potvrdil, \u017ee vl\u00e1dy maj\u00ed povinnost p\u0159ijmout urgentn\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k ochran\u011b pr\u00e1va na zdrav\u00e9 klima. Soud rovn\u011b\u017e stanovil, \u017ee tak\u00e9 firmy maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Tento rozsudek jasn\u011b up\u0159ednost\u0148uje pr\u00e1va lid\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrody p\u0159ed z\u00e1jmy zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>V roce 2023 podnikla lo\u010f Greenpeace International <em>Rainbow Warrior <\/em>plavbu po Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, aby nasb\u00edrala sv\u011bdectv\u00ed lid\u00ed z komunit zasa\u017een\u00fdch klimatickou kriz\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/\">Tato sv\u011bdectv\u00ed byla spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010fmi z glob\u00e1ln\u00ed prvn\u00ed linie p\u0159edlo\u017eena Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu soudn\u00edmu dvoru.<\/a> V roce 2024 n\u00e1sledovalo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/en\/case\/187\">dvout\u00fddenn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sly\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00e9ho se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo rekordn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. Impulsem k cel\u00e9mu procesu byla iniciativa studentek a student\u016f pr\u00e1v z Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v roce 2019 zalo\u017eili skupinu Pacific Islands Students Fighting Climate Change. Ti ve spolupr\u00e1ci se st\u00e1tem Vanuatu vyzvali OSN, aby po\u017e\u00e1dala Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr o poradn\u00ed stanovisko. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2023\/ga12444.doc.htm\">Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN tuto \u017e\u00e1dost v b\u0159eznu 2023 jednomysln\u011b schv\u00e1lilo<\/a>, s podporou v\u00edce ne\u017e 130 st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>V \u010cesku podal spolek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.klimazaloba.cz\/\">Klima\u017ealoba<\/a> \u017ealobu na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ministerstva kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee podle n\u011bj nep\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed (mitigaci) a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se dopad\u016fm zm\u011bny klimatu (adaptaci). Tvrd\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00edm poru\u0161uj\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dohody. C\u00edlem \u017ealoby je p\u0159im\u011bt ministerstva, aby p\u0159ijala ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edpad v sou\u010dasnosti \u010dek\u00e1 na rozhodnut\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dne\u0161n\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed posiluje rostouc\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za klimatickou odpov\u011bdnost \u2013 a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 se k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed iniciativ\u011b Greenpeace Polluters Pay Pact (v \u010cesku v\u00fdzva <a href=\"https:\/\/www.znecistovateleplati.cz\/\">Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 plat\u00ed<\/a>), kter\u00e1 glob\u00e1lne sdru\u017euje v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 000 lid\u00ed zasa\u017een\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdmi katastrofami, ob\u010dan\u016f, z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f, humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, politick\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f a v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Greenpeace International a Greenpeace \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. C\u00edlem iniciativy je zajistit, aby fosiln\u00ed korporace platily za \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr (ICJ), hlavn\u00ed soudn\u00ed org\u00e1n OSN, v\u010dera odpoledne vydal p\u0159elomov\u00e9 poradn\u00ed stanovisko v souvislosti s klimatickou kriz\u00ed. Rozhodnut\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora (ICJ)\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":22440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[20],"p4-page-type":[14],"class_list":["post-22439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-zmena-klimatu","p4-page-type-tiskova-zprava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22439"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23097,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22439\/revisions\/23097"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22439"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=22439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}