{"id":23205,"date":"2025-12-12T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=23205"},"modified":"2025-12-10T15:47:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T14:47:13","slug":"deset-let-od-prijeti-parizske-klimaticke-dohody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/23205\/deset-let-od-prijeti-parizske-klimaticke-dohody\/","title":{"rendered":"Deset let od p\u0159ijet\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohody"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159ijet\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohody p\u0159ed deseti lety bylo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed reakci na zm\u011bnu klimatu. Poprv\u00e9 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny zem\u011b na konferenci smluvn\u00edch stran R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluvy OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu UNFCCC (tzv. COP, Conference Of the Parties) dohodly, \u017ee budou spolupracovat a p\u0159ijmou opat\u0159en\u00ed k omezen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplen\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b pod 2 \u00b0C a budou usilovat o jeho udr\u017een\u00ed na \u00farovni 1,5 \u00b0C<\/a>. Jak zp\u011btn\u011b hodnot\u00edme pln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V roce 2015 p\u0159ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody bylo glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed na trajektorii k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed 4 \u00b0C oproti p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b do konce stolet\u00ed<\/a>. Deset let pot\u00e9 se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi politikami oteplen\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uje k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2,8 \u00b0C<\/a>. Na druhou stranu emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nedos\u00e1hly sv\u00e9ho vrcholu a st\u00e1le rostou. Od prvn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 konference v roce 1995 vzrostly\u00a0 o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 34 procent. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tempo r\u016fstu nen\u00ed tak rychl\u00e9 jako p\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety. A to je\u00a0 jeden z pozitivn\u00edch vliv\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody –\u00a0 bez n\u00ed by to bylo dvakr\u00e1t tolik.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota ale st\u00e1le roste, pozorujeme\u00a0 nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed dopady extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b: extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teploty, sucho, povodn\u011b atd.\u00a0 Posledn\u00edch\u00a0 deset let bylo nav\u00edc nejteplej\u0161\u00edch v historii m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. V roce 2024\u00a0 byla poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010dena hranice oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed o 1,5 \u00b0C, i p\u0159es tento negativn\u00ed trend by ale bylo st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 c\u00edle Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody dos\u00e1hnout. \u00a0Vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 se minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvacetilet\u00fdm dlouhodob\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem<\/a>, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ekonan\u00fd nebyl a podle optimistick\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f je je\u0161t\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9 tento c\u00edl udr\u017eet. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 dohoda pomohla zpomalen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale zat\u00edm ne na \u00farove\u0148, kter\u00e1 by byla bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pro p\u0159\u00edrodu a spole\u010dnost. M\u016f\u017eeme tedy mluvit o pokroku nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 jen o tom, \u017ee jsme se d\u00edky Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohod\u011b vyhnuli nejhor\u0161\u00edm dopad\u016fm klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Nepopirateln\u00fdm faktem je, \u017ee Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 dohoda p\u0159epsala pravidla glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 akce – podn\u00edtila investice, inovace a reformy bez kter\u00fdch by se nemohly \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed zm\u011bny d\u00edt. Produkce emis\u00ed se v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku zvy\u0161uj\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvoj obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mnohem rychleji ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n

Poztivn\u00edm trendem je i v\u00fdvoj v energetice, kter\u00fd by p\u0159ed deseti\u00a0 lety nikdo neo\u010dek\u00e1val. N\u00e1r\u016fst obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie (OZE) je v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd<\/strong>, investujeme v\u00edc do obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f ne\u017e do fosiln\u00ed<\/a>ch paliv a OZE jsou dnes nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem energie. Nad\u011bjn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 rozvoj elektromobility, jedno z p\u011bti prodan\u00fdch aut je elektromobil<\/a>.I to m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ipsat k pozitivn\u00ed bilanci Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ona dala p\u0159ed deseti lety jasn\u00fd politick\u00fd sign\u00e1l a nastavila sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. I kdy\u017e se zat\u00edm \u00fapln\u011b nepovedlo nahradit fosiln\u00ed paliva.<\/p>\n\n

Konec fosiln\u00edch paliv v nedohlednu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d se za deset let v boji s klimatickou zm\u011bnou nepokro\u010dilo rychleji?\u00a0 Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i fakt, \u017ee od\u00a0 roku 2015 ropn\u00fd a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd sektor investoval v\u00edce ne\u017e 8.7 trilion\u016f dolaru do pr\u016fzkumu a produkce fosiln\u00edch paliv. Podle v\u00fdzkumu<\/a> na ka\u017ed\u00fd dolar, kter\u00fd pr\u016fmysl investuje do \u010dist\u00e9 energie,\u00a0 utrat\u00ed 46 dolar\u016f za rozvoj\u00a0 dod\u00e1vek ropy a plynu. I p\u0159esto, \u017ee m\u00e1me velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed<\/a> dokazuj\u00edc\u00edch jejich negativn\u00ed dopad na zm\u011bnu klimatu. Pro udr\u017een\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni 1,5 \u00b0C a dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody pot\u0159ebujeme nejen investovat do rozvoje obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie, ale tak\u00e9 ukon\u010dit investice a podporu roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv a jejich infrastruktury.<\/p>\n\n

Opatrn\u00e1 politika klimatick\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Za posledn\u00edch deset let se v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch deklarac\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed COP objevila zm\u00ednka o fosiln\u00edch palivech jen dvakr\u00e1t. Poprv\u00e9 to bylo v roce 2021 na COP26 v Glasgow, kde Glasgowsk\u00fd klimatick\u00fd pakt vyzval k urychlen\u00e9mu omezov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed, a to nav\u00edc pouze ve form\u011b \u201ephase down\u201c, nikoli \u201ephase out\u201c. Podruh\u00e9 to bylo v roce 2023 na COP28, kde se poprv\u00e9 objevila formulace o postupn\u00e9m odchodu od fosiln\u00edch paliv v energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, zase ve form\u011b \u201etransition away\u201c a nikoli pot\u0159ebn\u00fd \u201ephase out\u201c. Na leto\u0161n\u00edm COP30, kter\u00fd skon\u010dil p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny, se fosiln\u00ed paliva v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9m dokumentu neobjevila v\u016fbec, p\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e osmdes\u00e1t zem\u00ed podporovalo p\u0159ijet\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch krok\u016f k jejich \u00fatlumu.<\/p>\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la re\u00e1ln\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f konference tak bylo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed Kolumbie a Nizozemska, \u017ee spole\u010dn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konferenci v\u011bnovanou spravedliv\u00e9mu odchodu od fosiln\u00edch paliv<\/a>. Summit prob\u011bhne na konci dubna  2026 v Kolumbii a p\u016fjde o prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed a mezioborov\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo na tuto problematiku. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam by mohl vzniknout  podklad pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1sledn\u011b mohly b\u00fdt prosazov\u00e1ny na COP31.Podobn\u00e9 kroky jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm ukazatelem toho, \u017ee je velmi dule\u017eit\u00e9 to, co se d\u011bje mimo konferen\u010dn\u00e9 prostory velk\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bjou raz za rok ale je nutn\u00e9 robi\u0165 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bte.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159es ve\u0161ker\u00e9 nedokonalosti je ale COP zat\u00edm jedin\u00e1 platforma, kter\u00e1 um\u00ed p\u0159iv\u00e9st sv\u011bt k jednomu stolu a hledat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak zazn\u00edv\u00e1 kritika sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed konsenzem umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotliv\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm proces blokovat, zpomaluje vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, oslabuje z\u00e1vazky a otev\u00edr\u00e1 prostor fosiln\u00ed lobby, zat\u00edmco nejzasa\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 podpory. <\/p>\n\n

Posledn\u00ed roky na konferenc\u00edch vid\u00edme v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed na vyjedn\u00e1n\u00ed konsenzu ve jm\u00e9n\u011b udr\u017een\u00ed multilateralismu ne\u017e na dosa\u017een\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. P\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed se des\u00edtky deklarac\u00ed, ale chyb\u00ed pak jejich realizace v praxi se skute\u010dn\u00fdm dopadem. Sv\u011bt se tedy deset let po Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 konferenci\u00a0 pot\u0159ebuje soust\u0159edit na implementaci, abychom\u00a0 se dok\u00e1zali p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit jej\u00edm c\u00edl\u016fm. <\/p>\n\n

Situaci zhor\u0161uje i rostouc\u00ed po\u010det fosiln\u00edch lobbist\u016f, paradoxn\u011b jejich zastoupen\u00ed na konferenc\u00edch u\u017e je po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e delegace n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. A d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 fakt, \u017ee se konference \u010dasto konaj\u00ed v zem\u00edch z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na fosiln\u00edch palivech (nadch\u00e1zej\u00edci COP 31 se bude konat v Turecku), co\u017e omezuje jejich ochotu tla\u010dit na pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vedou p\u0159ed i b\u011bhem konference. Objevuj\u00ed se proto n\u00e1vrhy, aby COP po\u0159\u00e1daly jen st\u00e1ty s re\u00e1lnou klimatickou ambic\u00ed, ale vzhledem k obrovsk\u00e9 logistick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti si tak velkou akci, kterou nav\u0161t\u011bvuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dovolit jen m\u00e1lokdo a ur\u010dit\u011b ne nejv\u00edce zasa\u017een\u00e9 st\u00e1ty glob\u00e1ln\u00edho jihu.<\/p>\n\n

Deset let nesta\u010dilo\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Deset let po Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohod\u011b sv\u011bt d\u00e1l p\u0159e\u0161lapuje na m\u00edst\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee stoj\u00ed v kritick\u00e9m bod\u011b boje s klimatickou kriz\u00ed. Je ale t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee tak velk\u00e1 zm\u011bna jako je odchod od fosiln\u00edch paliv bude ur\u010dit\u011b b\u011bhem na mnohem del\u0161\u00ed tra\u0165\u2026. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed se posouvaj\u00ed jen pomalu a emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f se u\u017e \u010dty\u0159i roky prakticky nem\u011bn\u00ed<\/a> kv\u016fli pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na fosiln\u00edch palivech a budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 fosiln\u00ed infrastruktury. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr<\/a> letos jasn\u011b p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee st\u00e1ty maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed povinnost jednat a \u017ee ne\u010dinnost, v\u010detn\u011b ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch licenc\u00ed pro fosiln\u00ed projekty, poru\u0161uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n

Pokud chceme udr\u017eet oteplen\u00ed na 1,5 \u00b0C, je nutn\u00e9 rychle sni\u017eovat emise, zv\u00fd\u0161it politick\u00e9 ambice a zam\u011b\u0159it se na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky: spravedliv\u00fd odchod od fosiln\u00edch paliv, dostatek financ\u00ed na adaptaci i modernizaci a d\u016fsledn\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody. Aby se toho poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout a aby klimatick\u00e9 konference l\u00e9pe reagovaly na realitu i pot\u0159eby t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed dopady krize poci\u0165uj\u00ed nejv\u00edc, bude nutn\u00e1 jejich modernizace. Jejich procesy a syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed deset let od p\u0159ijet\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody odpov\u00eddat z\u00e1va\u017enosti \u00fakolu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edm spole\u010denstv\u00edm stoj\u00ed.
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P\u0159ijet\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 dohody p\u0159ed deseti lety bylo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed reakci na zm\u011bnu klimatu. Poprv\u00e9 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny zem\u011b na konferenci smluvn\u00edch stran R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluvy OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":23207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[20,25],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-23205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","tag-zmena-klimatu","tag-konec-doby-fosilni","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/72"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23205"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23212,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23205\/revisions\/23212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23205"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=23205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}