{"id":2334,"date":"2018-10-12T14:37:22","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T12:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/master.k8s.p4.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2019-11-06T10:38:11","modified_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:38:11","slug":"zlata-ryze-je-chimera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/2334\/zlata-ryze-je-chimera\/","title":{"rendered":"Zlat\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee je chim\u00e9ra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Motivace v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s programem na v\u00fdvoj geneticky upraven\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee, byla ur\u010dit\u011b \u0161lechetn\u00e1. Ve st\u00e1tech subsaharsk\u00e9 Afriky a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie zp\u016fsobuje nedostatek vitam\u00ednu A slepotu i \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u d\u011bt\u00ed. R\u00fd\u017ee, jej\u00ed\u017e semena by obsahovalA provitam\u00edn betakaroten, z n\u011bho\u017e si t\u011blo vitam\u00edn A dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrobit, tak pro spoustu lid\u00ed dodnes p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bjak\u00e9 z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je hned za dve\u0159mi, sta\u010d\u00ed se pro n\u011bj nat\u00e1hnout. Je to ale jen chim\u00e9ra.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci ani za dvacet let v\u00fdvoje nedok\u00e1zali vyp\u011bstovat rostlinu, kter\u00e1 by obsahovala dostatek provitam\u00ednu A a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ho dok\u00e1zala i p\u0159i dlouh\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed v semenech udr\u017eet. Studie v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla dok\u00e1zat opak, po\u010d\u00edtala s t\u00edm, \u017ee r\u00fd\u017ee se bude skladovat zmra\u017een\u00e1, aby obsah provitam\u00ednu v semenech neklesal. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee by si chud\u00ed Nigerijci \u010di Indov\u00e9 v tropech nakoupili mraz\u00e1ky, aby m\u011bli kde skladovat r\u00fd\u017ei, je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u00fasm\u011bvn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"GE

Zlat\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee se zat\u00edm ned\u00e1 p\u011bstovat v zem\u00edch jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie. Nikoli kv\u016fli z\u00e1kaz\u016fm, ale proto, \u017ee oproti klasick\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ei t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neplod\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n

V\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem ne\u017e skladov\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u0161em je, \u017ee postup genetick\u00e9 modifikace s dostatkem provitam\u00ednu A v semenech zat\u00edm fungoval jen na poddruhu Oryza sativa japonica, kter\u00e1 je pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed v tropick\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch oblastech nevhodn\u00e1. U indick\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee naopak naprosto selh\u00e1v\u00e1. Zku\u0161enosti z minul\u00e9ho roku ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdnosy t\u00e9to r\u00fd\u017ee jsou t\u0159etinov\u00e9 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u016fvodn\u00ed nemodifikovanou odr\u016fdou Swarna, proto\u017ee rostliny dosahuj\u00ed jen polovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e, maj\u00ed vybledl\u00e9 listy a v\u00fdr\u016fstky na ko\u0159enech a kv\u011bty nasazuj\u00ed pozd\u011bji<\/a>. V\u00fdzkum se tak mo\u017en\u00e1 po dvaceti letech vrac\u00ed zp\u00e1tky na za\u010d\u00e1tek. A nezm\u011bn\u00ed na tom nic ani novin\u00e1\u0159 Ivan Brezina, ani rozhodnut\u00ed americk\u00e9ho soudu, \u017ee je zlat\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pro prodej v USA, a ani dopis 107 v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed uveden\u00ed zlat\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee do praxe. <\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9koli v\u00fdk\u0159iky, \u017ee zlat\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee je hotov\u00e1 a jej\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed u\u017e zdr\u017euj\u00ed jen ekologi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, jsou tak opravdu jen v\u00fdk\u0159iky. Pokud zlat\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee bude n\u011bkdy fungovat, je\u0161t\u011b si na n\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch let, mo\u017en\u00e1 i des\u00edtek let po\u010dk\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, kter\u00fd v\u00fdvoj zlat\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee p\u0159evzal a ud\u011blal z n\u00ed maskota v\u0161ech geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch plodin, hled\u00e1 ob\u011btn\u00edho ber\u00e1nka pro sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Greenpeace a dal\u0161\u00ed kritici vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ale za nezdary pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu nemohou a jeho sisyfovsk\u00fd projekt nijak v\u00fdrazn\u011b nezdr\u017eeli. Kdyby toti\u017e zlat\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee fungovala, ji\u017e d\u00e1vno by byla na trhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nesmysl Brezinova \u010dl\u00e1nku je teorie, \u017ee kdyby organizace Greenpeace existovala v dob\u011b objevu penicilinu, ur\u010dit\u011b by mu tak\u00e9 br\u00e1nila, proto\u017ee prost\u011b nem\u00e1 r\u00e1da v\u011bdu. Autor v\u016fbec nezohlednil, \u017ee Greenpeace vad\u00ed jen zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed GMO, se kter\u00fdm souvis\u00ed nekontrolovan\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed genetick\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a nem\u00e1 nic proti samotn\u00e9mu v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed \u010di jeho praktick\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, t\u0159eba i ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 medic\u00edn\u011b. Aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace tak neb\u011bhaj\u00ed po okol\u00ed a nevyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed diabetik\u016fm z rukou ampulky s inzul\u00ednem, kter\u00fd vyrobily geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 bakterie. <\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b nesmysln\u00e9 jsou hysterick\u00e9 v\u00fdk\u0159iky, \u017ee kritici nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje zlat\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee mohou n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem za oslepnut\u00ed \u010di smrt d\u011bt\u00ed. Kdybychom to obr\u00e1tili, mohli bychom stejn\u011b nesmysln\u011b obvinit ze zab\u00edjen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed samotn\u00e9 v\u011bdce chemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, proto\u017ee strh\u00e1vaj\u00ed pozornost sv\u011bta na zlatou r\u00fd\u017ei, m\u00edsto aby prosazovali re\u00e1ln\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me k dispozici. <\/span><\/p>\n

A jak\u00e1 jsou ta \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed? Rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00ednov\u00fdch kapsl\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159\u00edd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed betakarotenu do potravin, je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rychl\u00e9, ale kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9, proto\u017ee ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a rozvojov\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nejsou dlouhodob\u011b schopn\u00e9 distribuci l\u00e9k\u016f \u010di obohacen\u00fdch potravin na pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00farovni zajistit. Tento postup si ov\u0161em nevymyslelo Greenpeace, jak tvrd\u00ed Brezin\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek, ale Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00ednu v prioritn\u00edch zem\u00edch zaji\u0161\u0165uje. <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, pro\u010d nedostatek vitam\u00ednu A nen\u00ed sv\u011bt schopen vym\u00fdtit ani po des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00ednov\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f, je \u0161patn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva, za kterou mohou v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, chudoba \u010di nedostatek vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Na tyto jevy m\u00e1 smysl se zam\u011b\u0159it, i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje vitam\u00ednu A nemus\u00edme do posti\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed dov\u00e1\u017eet, dost \u010dasto ji\u017e zde jsou. V Africe i Asii rostou plodiny, kter\u00e9 ho obsahuj\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce jako plevel. Za v\u0161echny uvedu alespo\u0148 jednu notoricky zn\u00e1mou i u n\u00e1s – palma olejn\u00e1. Ano, palmov\u00fd olej je – pokud se nerafinuje – velmi bohat\u00fd na betakaroten a jeho p\u016fvodn\u00edm domovem je z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afrika, nikoli Indon\u00e9sie, kde se kv\u016fli n\u011bmu k\u00e1cej\u00ed tropick\u00e9 pralesy. Pokud by sv\u011bt necpal palmov\u00fd olej do cukrovinek a nep\u00e1lil ho jako biopalivo, mohl by pomoci vy\u0159e\u0161it nedostatek vitam\u00ednu A. Dal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem je nav\u00fd\u0161it mno\u017estv\u00ed provitam\u00ednu A v plodin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 ho ji\u017e mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed – v\u011bdc\u016fm se nap\u0159\u00edklad poda\u0159ilo pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho genov\u00e9ho monitoringu naj\u00edt geny, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed obsah betakarotenu v klasech, a vy\u0161lechtit tak \u201czlatou\u201d kuku\u0159ici\u201d<\/a>, ani\u017e by ji museli modifikovat. Tato kuku\u0159ice se ji\u017e p\u011bstuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v africk\u00e9 Zambii a na rozd\u00edl od zlat\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee u\u017e d\u011btem s nedostatkem vitam\u00ednu A pom\u00e1h\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zlatou r\u00fd\u017ei nepot\u0159ebujeme a jej\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd p\u0159es 20 let nevedl nikam a byl jen \u010dernou d\u00edrou na pen\u00edze, by m\u011bl b\u00fdt co nejrychleji zastaven.<\/span><\/p>\n

Text byl psan\u00fd jako reakce na \u010dl\u00e1nek Ivana Breziny v \u010dasopise Reflex. \u010cl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el v \u010d\u00edsle 40, ro\u010dn\u00edk 2018<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Motivace v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s programem na v\u00fdvoj geneticky upraven\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee, byla ur\u010dit\u011b \u0161lechetn\u00e1. Ve st\u00e1tech subsaharsk\u00e9 Afriky a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie zp\u016fsobuje nedostatek vitam\u00ednu A slepotu i \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":2338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[22],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-2334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nas-svet","tag-setrimeplanetu","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2334"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2349,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions\/2349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=2334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}