{"id":23387,"date":"2026-02-19T10:07:41","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/?p=23387"},"modified":"2026-02-19T10:07:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:07:44","slug":"tropicke-pralesy-ve-sparech-globalniho-obchodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/clanek\/23387\/tropicke-pralesy-ve-sparech-globalniho-obchodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tropick\u00e9 pralesy ve sp\u00e1rech glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tropick\u00e9 pralesy Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed\u00a0 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed souvisl\u00e9 tropick\u00e9 lesn\u00ed komplexy na planet\u011b. Tyto oblasti jsou zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro regulaci sv\u011btov\u00e9ho klimatu, kolob\u011bh vody a uchov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity. P\u0159esto dlouhodob\u011b miz\u00ed tempem, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci ozna\u010duj\u00ed za alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed. A za touto ztr\u00e1tou nestoj\u00ed n\u00e1hoda ani \u201ep\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u201c, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V roce 2024 zmizelo\u00a0 rekordn\u00edch 6,7 milionu hektar\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00edho de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa<\/a>, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje meziro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst o 80 %. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu \u0161kod zp\u016fsobily rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry, druh\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm faktorem bylo roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Pro na\u0161i planetu jde o nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my \u2013 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ob\u017eivu, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou, biologickou rozmanitost a dal\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Jejich hodnota se ned\u00e1 vy\u010d\u00edslit, ale um\u00edme spo\u010d\u00edtat vliv na bilanci sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Destrukc\u00ed prales\u016f do\u0161lo\u00a0 v roce 2024 k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed 3,1 gigatun (Gt) emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/a>. To je jen o n\u011bco m\u00e1lo m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ro\u010dn\u00ed emise CO\u2082, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed producent emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho – Indie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\"Aerial
Greenpeace Braz\u00edlie provedlo leteck\u00fd pr\u016fzkum v amazonsk\u00e9m regionu s c\u00edlem monitorovat odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry.
\u00a9 Marizilda Cruppe \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Amazonie: rychl\u00e1 cesta od pralesa k pastvin\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V Amazonii m\u00e1 ni\u010den\u00ed lesa \u010dasto stejn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh: nejprve p\u0159ijde neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba, n\u00e1sleduje vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011bna \u00fazem\u00ed na pastviny pro dobytek. V Braz\u00edlii, kter\u00e1 se pod\u00edl\u00ed zhruba t\u0159etinou na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tropick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, stoj\u00ed chov dobytka za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 72 % ztr\u00e1ty lesa<\/a>. Zem\u011b je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem hov\u011bz\u00edho masa na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 destrukce pralesa je tak p\u0159\u00edmo napojen\u00e1 na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh.<\/p>\n\n

\u010cast\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je tak\u00e9 neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy (land grabbing). Les se \u00famysln\u011b ni\u010d\u00ed, aby mohl b\u00fdt n\u00e1sledn\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161en za plant\u00e1\u017e \u010di pastvinu. Tento proces b\u00fdv\u00e1 prov\u00e1zen zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm, n\u00e1sil\u00edm i \u00fatoky na domorod\u00e9 komunity a ochr\u00e1nce p\u0159\u00edrody. Domorod\u00e9 komunity p\u0159itom dlouhodob\u011b prokazateln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed les efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1va \u2013 v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00edra odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed je na jejich \u00fazem\u00edch mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Pokud ale st\u00e1t ud\u011bl\u00ed koncesi t\u011b\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 nebo zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 firm\u011b, jak\u00e1koli ochrana miz\u00ed a s n\u00ed i bezpe\u010d\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel a celistvost lesa.<\/p>\n\n

\"Cattle
Dobyt\u010d\u00ed farma v Amazonii
\u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Daniel Beltr\u00e1<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva je rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd byznys spojen\u00fd s korupc\u00ed, pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm dokument\u016f a da\u0148ov\u00fdmi \u00faniky. Ro\u010dn\u011b takov\u00e9 \u201cpodnik\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c vygeneruje stovky milion\u016f dolar\u016f.\u00a0 Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva bere m\u00edstn\u00edm komunit\u00e1m mo\u017enost ob\u017eivy, nav\u00edc je \u010dasto spojen\u00e1 s da\u0148ov\u00fdmi \u00faniky. Bohu\u017eel, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo, tvo\u0159\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba v\u011bt\u0161inu produkce.<\/a>Dopady jsou devastuj\u00edc\u00ed: eroze p\u016fdy, sesuvy, zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody i prudk\u00fd pokles biodiverzity. Tropick\u00e9 odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vede podle studi\u00ed k dramatick\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed druhov\u00e9 rozmanitosti<\/a>. Pokud bude ni\u010den\u00ed pokra\u010dovat, \u010d\u00e1st Amazonie by se mohla prom\u011bnit v suchou savanu. A to by znamenalo masivn\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00ed uhl\u00edku a dal\u0161\u00ed urychlen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Indon\u00e9sie: palma olejn\u00e1 a tich\u00e9 mizen\u00ed pralesa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

V jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou masivn\u00edho odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm palma olejn\u00e1. Indon\u00e9sie od roku 1990 p\u0159i\u0161la o \u010dtvrtinu sv\u00fdch prales\u016f <\/a>a plocha nedot\u010den\u00fdch les\u016f se zmen\u0161ila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o polovinu. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st odlesn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fdy byla p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna na plant\u00e1\u017ee palmy olejn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 dnes pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl zni\u010den\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Ni\u010den\u00ed se net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen les\u016f, ale i ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 \u2013 obrovsk\u00fdch z\u00e1sob\u00e1ren uhl\u00edku. Jejich odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a opakovan\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry, jejich\u017e kou\u0159 zasahuje cel\u00e9 regiony. D\u016fsledky jsou fat\u00e1ln\u00ed i pro m\u00edstn\u00ed druhy. Orangutani, tyg\u0159i \u010di nosoro\u017eci p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed o sv\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Monokulturn\u00ed plant\u00e1\u017ee nahrazuj\u00ed pestr\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my zelenou pou\u0161t\u00ed, kde p\u0159e\u017eije jen minimum druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Podobn\u011b jako v Amazonii – doch\u00e1z\u00ed i tady  k poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit. Zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed konces\u00ed bez respektu k tradi\u010dn\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm vede ke konflikt\u016fm a ztr\u00e1t\u011b zdroj\u016f ob\u017eivy, na nich\u017e byly tyto komunity po generace z\u00e1visl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

\"Forest
Sp\u00e1leni\u0161t\u011b po po\u017e\u00e1ru v oblasti ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed obyvatel\u016fm vesnice Lebung Itam, okres Tulung Selapan, kraj Ogan Komering Ilir, Ji\u017en\u00ed Sumatra.
\u00a9 Abriansyah Liberto \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Kon\u017esk\u00fd prales: tich\u00e1 krize v srdci Afriky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Kon\u017esk\u00fd prales je po Amazonii druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm tropick\u00fdm lesem sv\u011bta. Za posledn\u00edch zhruba t\u0159icet let p\u0159i\u0161el o zhruba 8,5 % sv\u00e9 rozlohy<\/a>. P\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mimo hlavn\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n\n

Odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v Kongu  nem\u00e1 jednu hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, ale je v\u00fdsledkem soub\u011bhu n\u011bkolika skute\u010dnost\u00ed. Vedle pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby d\u0159eva se tam t\u011b\u017e\u00ed nerostn\u00e9 suroviny, roz\u0161i\u0159uje se drobn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed exportn\u00edch plodin, nap\u0159\u00edklad kakaa. To v\u0161e se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v prost\u0159ed\u00ed slab\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontroly a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 korupce, kde je neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n

Odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed to mimo jin\u00e9 gorily, \u0161impanzi \u010di pralesn\u00ed sloni – p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b o sv\u016fj p\u0159irozen\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed prostor. Nov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed cesty z\u00e1rove\u0148 otev\u00edraj\u00ed les pytl\u00e1k\u016fm, zv\u00ed\u0159ata p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed o mo\u017enost \u00fakrytu p\u0159ed nimi.  Domorod\u00e9 komunity, z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na lese po generace, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed o zdroje ob\u017eivy. Tlak zvy\u0161uje i t\u011b\u017eba drah\u00fdch kov\u016f a kamen\u016f, op\u011bt \u010dasto neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed a spojen\u00e1 s dal\u0161\u00edm ni\u010den\u00edm  lesa.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\"Illegal
Aktivist\u00e9 Greenpeace Francie odhalili v francouzsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavu Caen z\u00e1silku neleg\u00e1ln\u011b vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9ho d\u0159eva z Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo (DRK). Rozvinuli transparenty s n\u00e1pisy: \u201eBois Ill\u00e9gal, For\u00eats en Danger\u201c (Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u0159evo, lesy v ohro\u017een\u00ed) a \u201eSave Congo Forest\u201c (Zachra\u0148te kon\u017esk\u00fd prales).
\u00a9 Pierre Baelen \/ Greenpeace<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Jde o syst\u00e9m\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u010dasto obhajuje jako nutn\u00e1  da\u0148 za ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj. T\u011b\u017e\u00ed z n\u011bj ale jen \u00fazk\u00e1 skupina firem a investor\u016f, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1klady a n\u00e1sledky nesou m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity a klima cel\u00e9 planety.<\/p>\n\n

Evropsk\u00e1 unie p\u0159ijala \u201cNa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o produktech nezp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201d<\/em> (EUDR), kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit dovozu komodit ( nap\u0159 s\u00f3ja, palmov\u00fd olej, kakao, k\u00e1vanebo hov\u011bz\u00ed maso)  z \u00fazem\u00ed, kde byl kv\u016fli nim zni\u010den les. Je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed ale bude, jestli  se pravidla budou skute\u010dn\u011b vym\u00e1hat a tak\u00e9 jestli se poda\u0159\u00ed ochr\u00e1nit  pr\u00e1va domorod\u00fdch komunit.<\/p>\n\n

Ni\u010den\u00ed prales\u016f  a jejich dal\u0161\u00ed osud je v rukou \u010dlov\u011bka. Mus\u00edme  zv\u00e1\u017eit a p\u0159ehodnotit d\u016fsledky  konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch politick\u00fdch a obchodn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed. Pokud se nezm\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm vyr\u00e1b\u00edme a spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1me, budou pralesy d\u00e1l mizet \u2013 a s nimi i druhov\u00e1 rozmanitost, stabiln\u00ed klima a \u017eivotn\u00ed prostor milion\u016f lid\u00ed i zv\u00ed\u0159at. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tropick\u00e9 pralesy Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed  nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed souvisl\u00e9 tropick\u00e9 lesn\u00ed komplexy na planet\u011b. Tyto oblasti jsou zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro regulaci sv\u011btov\u00e9ho klimatu, kolob\u011bh vody a uchov\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":22841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"p4_og_title":"","p4_og_description":"","p4_og_image":"","p4_og_image_id":"","p4_seo_canonical_url":"","p4_campaign_name":"Tropical Forests","p4_local_project":"","p4_basket_name":"Forests","p4_department":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30,2],"tags":[17],"p4-page-type":[16],"class_list":["post-23387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenpeace","category-priroda","tag-lesy-pralesy","p4-page-type-clanek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/84"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23387"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23391,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23387\/revisions\/23391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23387"},{"taxonomy":"p4-page-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/czech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/p4-page-type?post=23387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}